Exam 9: Experimental Research

Define the following: -Solomon four-group design

After the delivery of a baby,new parents at Fraser Valley General Hospital were given a poison knowledge test.Before leaving the hospital they were given literature to read on poison awareness.A week later,they were invited back and took the poison test again to determine whether distributing poison awareness literature enhanced the knowledge of new parents.What kind of design is being used here?

Define the following: -random assignment

What is the Solomon four-group design capable of detecting?

Several people criticized Professor Peggy Pandemonium's experiment on "the effects of density of living conditions on aggression" for its external validity problems.This means her study had problems with

Interaction effects occur when

Define the following: -instrumentation

Why is control a necessary and crucial feature in experiments? How is deception a feature of control in experiments? In what circumstances is it ethical to use deception in experiments?

In experimental research,what does external validity refer to? Briefly describe two instances where external validity is a threat to the overall findings and conclusions of an experiment.

A local mayoral candidate hired Xavier Xed to test whether the method of distributing campaign literature resulted in more people voting for a candidate.He distributed campaign literature about the mayoral candidate to the Stevenson neighbourhood in a bright blue envelope that a volunteer placed at each person's front door.He distributed the same campaign literature about the candidate to residents of the Fairwinds neighbourhood by mailing it in a plain white envelope.He later learned that Stevenson was a low-income area of the city that was almost entirely Filipino,foreign-born,and 95 percent Catholic.Fairwinds was an upper-income area in the city and its residents were 100 percent white,Canadian-born Protestants.What problem with internal validity might threaten the results of his experiment?

Which of the following is least suited to providing clear evidence about a causal relationship between two variables?

Define the following: -natural experiment

Define the following: -external validity

What does the Hawthorne effect refer to?

An advertising firm hired by Multinational Motors wants to demonstrate that its advertising campaigns improve Canadian public perceptions of Multinational Motors' vehicles.The advertising firm surveys Canadians every year over the course of its 10-year contract with Multinational Motors.Each year,Canadian public perceptions of Multinational Motors increased with the exception of 2009.Just prior to conducting the 2009 survey,Multinational Motors was forced to recall an entire line of vehicles with defective brake systems,which resulted in several,highly-publicized deaths.What threat to internal validity might the results of the 2009 survey reflect?

Define the following: -control group

In 1988,the Canadian federal government raised the speed limit to 110 km/h.Then,in 1996,individual provincial governments were given the choice to decide the highway speed limit in their own provinces and thus many raised it to 120 km/h.Proponents and critics of the law have looked at the number of traffic deaths per 1000 kilometres driven on the highways between 1988 and 1998 to see whether the law had any impact on traffic deaths.What type of design is this?

Define the following: -debrief

Define the following: -science of the sophomore

The __________ receives the treatment; the __________ does not receive the treatment.