Question 1

What is the difference between inductive and deductive approaches to research?

Accepted Answer

●In a deductive approach,a researcher begins with an abstract,logical relationship among concepts,then moves toward concrete empirical evidence.The researcher may have ideas about how the world operates and wants to test these ideas against "hard data." 
●In an inductive approach,a researcher begins with detailed observations of the world and moves toward more abstract generalizations and ideas.In the beginning,the researcher may have only a topic and some vague concepts.

Question 2

Define the following:
-replication

Accepted Answer

The principle that researchers must be able to repeat scientific findings in multiple studies to have a high level of confidence that the findings are true.

Question 3

Define the following:
-association

Accepted Answer

A co-occurrence of two events,factors,characteristics,or activities,such that when one happens,the other one is likely to occur as well.Many statistics measure this.

Question 4

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between empirical generalizations and middle-range theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Middle-range theories reflect assumptions of macrosocial theoretical frameworks while empirical generalizations do not. 
B) Empirical generalizations are by necessity tentative,while middle-range theories are not. 
C) Empirical generalizations are most often used by interpretivists while middle-range theories are most often used by positivists. 
D) Middle-range theories are slightly more abstract than empirical generalizations. 
E) Middle-range theories are made up of groups of empirical generalizations. 
A) Middle-range theories reflect assumptions of macrosocial theoretical frameworks while empirical generalizations do not. 
B) Empirical generalizations are by necessity tentative,while middle-range theories are not. 
C) Empirical generalizations are most often used by interpretivists while middle-range theories are most often used by positivists. 
D) Middle-range theories are slightly more abstract than empirical generalizations. 
E) Middle-range theories are made up of groups of empirical generalizations.

Question 5

Define the following:
-verstehen

Accepted Answer

A German word that translates

Question 6

Define the following:
-positivism

Accepted Answer

The philosophical orientation

Question 7

Professor Candice Candlestick teaches her students that the best sociological research presents objective facts independently of the values of the researcher and is characterized by precise measurement.Which approach does Professor Candlestick subscribe to?

Accepted Answer

A) Positivism 
B) Interpretativism 
C) Structural functionalism 
D) Verstehenism 
E) Objectivism 
A) Positivism 
B) Interpretativism 
C) Structural functionalism 
D) Verstehenism 
E) Objectivism

Question 8

Define the following:
-paradigm

Accepted Answer

A general organizing framework for socia

Question 9

Define the following:
-temporal order

Accepted Answer

In establishing caus

Question 10

Describe how micro,meso,and macro levels of social reality differ.

Accepted Answer

●Micro-level theory deals with small sli

Question 11

Define the following:
-ontology

Accepted Answer

A branch of philosop

Question 12

A theory that seeks to explain how the Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)of East Asia (e.g.,Hong Kong,Taiwan,South Korea,Singapore)were able to rapidly industrialize and gain a major position in world markets between the 1960s and the 1990s is operating at which level?

Accepted Answer

A) Micro 
B) Meso 
C) Macro 
D) Mini 
E) Maxi 
A) Micro 
B) Meso 
C) Macro 
D) Mini 
E) Maxi

Question 13

Define the following:
-assumption

Accepted Answer

Parts of social theories that

Question 14

How do positivist and interpretative approaches differ?

Accepted Answer

●Positivism sees social science research

Question 15

Define the following:
-concept

Accepted Answer

An idea ex

Question 16

List three of the five major traditional theoretical frameworks identified in your textbook and identify at least two of the major concepts associated with each.

Accepted Answer

●Students can list any three of the foll

Question 17

Which of the following statements about social reality prioritizes agency over structure?

Accepted Answer

A) Advertising discourses about lifestyles shape the ways consumers relate to themselves. 
B) Whether one lives in the Global North or Global South is the best predictor of one's quality of life. 
C) A working class revolution will bring about a more egalitarian economic system. 
D) Prevailing assumptions about the intellectual capacities of women lead male students to be more suspicious of what they are taught by female professors than by male professors. 
E) None of the above. 
A) Advertising discourses about lifestyles shape the ways consumers relate to themselves. 
B) Whether one lives in the Global North or Global South is the best predictor of one's quality of life. 
C) A working class revolution will bring about a more egalitarian economic system. 
D) Prevailing assumptions about the intellectual capacities of women lead male students to be more suspicious of what they are taught by female professors than by male professors. 
E) None of the above.

Question 18

Define the following:
-social theory

Accepted Answer

A system of interconnected abs

Question 19

Which statement about prediction and causal explanation is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Prediction and explanation are two words for the same thing. 
B) Explanation is easier to show with the scientific method than prediction is. 
C) If one has prediction,one has all the basics of a causal explanation. 
D) If one has a good causal explanation,one should be able to make accurate predictions. 
E) Predictions are to basic research as explanations are to applied research. 
A) Prediction and explanation are two words for the same thing. 
B) Explanation is easier to show with the scientific method than prediction is. 
C) If one has prediction,one has all the basics of a causal explanation. 
D) If one has a good causal explanation,one should be able to make accurate predictions. 
E) Predictions are to basic research as explanations are to applied research.

Question 20

Why do researchers worry about alternative explanations when stating a causal relationship?

Accepted Answer

●Researchers can observe temporal order

What is the difference between inductive and deductive approaches to research?

Define the following: -replication

Define the following: -association

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between empirical generalizations and middle-range theory?

Define the following: -verstehen

Define the following: -positivism

Professor Candice Candlestick teaches her students that the best sociological research presents objective facts independently of the values of the researcher and is characterized by precise measurement.Which approach does Professor Candlestick subscribe to?

Define the following: -paradigm

Define the following: -temporal order

Describe how micro,meso,and macro levels of social reality differ.

Define the following: -ontology

A theory that seeks to explain how the Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)of East Asia (e.g.,Hong Kong,Taiwan,South Korea,Singapore)were able to rapidly industrialize and gain a major position in world markets between the 1960s and the 1990s is operating at which level?

Define the following: -assumption

How do positivist and interpretative approaches differ?

Define the following: -concept

List three of the five major traditional theoretical frameworks identified in your textbook and identify at least two of the major concepts associated with each.

Which of the following statements about social reality prioritizes agency over structure?

Define the following: -social theory

Which statement about prediction and causal explanation is true?

Why do researchers worry about alternative explanations when stating a causal relationship?

Doing Social Research

Ethics in Social Research

Reviewing the Scholarly Literature and Planning a Study

Designing a Study

Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement

Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Survey Research

Experimental Research

Nonreactive Quantitative Research and Secondary Analysis

Analysis of Quantitative Data

Qualitative Interviewing

Field Research

Nonreactive Qualitative Research

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Combining Methods in Social Science Research

Filters

Exam 2: Theory and Social Research

What is the difference between inductive and deductive approaches to research?

Define the following: -replication

Define the following: -association

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between empirical generalizations and middle-range theory?

Define the following: -verstehen

Define the following: -positivism

Professor Candice Candlestick teaches her students that the best sociological research presents objective facts independently of the values of the researcher and is characterized by precise measurement.Which approach does Professor Candlestick subscribe to?

Define the following: -paradigm

Define the following: -temporal order

Describe how micro,meso,and macro levels of social reality differ.

Define the following: -ontology

A theory that seeks to explain how the Newly Industrializing Countries (NICs)of East Asia (e.g.,Hong Kong,Taiwan,South Korea,Singapore)were able to rapidly industrialize and gain a major position in world markets between the 1960s and the 1990s is operating at which level?

Define the following: -assumption

How do positivist and interpretative approaches differ?

Define the following: -concept

List three of the five major traditional theoretical frameworks identified in your textbook and identify at least two of the major concepts associated with each.

Which of the following statements about social reality prioritizes agency over structure?

Define the following: -social theory

Which statement about prediction and causal explanation is true?

Why do researchers worry about alternative explanations when stating a causal relationship?

Doing Social Research

Ethics in Social Research

Reviewing the Scholarly Literature and Planning a Study

Designing a Study

Qualitative and Quantitative Measurement

Qualitative and Quantitative Sampling

Survey Research

Experimental Research

Nonreactive Quantitative Research and Secondary Analysis

Analysis of Quantitative Data

Qualitative Interviewing

Field Research

Nonreactive Qualitative Research

Analysis of Qualitative Data

Combining Methods in Social Science Research

Filters