Question 1

The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in

Accepted Answer

A) the partial pressure of oxygen. 
B) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. 
C) hemoglobin concentration. 
D) temperature. 
E) pH. 
A) the partial pressure of oxygen. 
B) the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. 
C) hemoglobin concentration. 
D) temperature. 
E) pH.

Question 2

The diagnosis of hypertension in adults is based on the

Accepted Answer

A) measurement of fatty deposits on the endothelium of arteries. 
B) measurement of the LDL/HDL ratio in peripheral blood. 
C) percent of blood volume made up of platelets. 
D) blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or >90 diastolic. 
E) number of leukocytes per mm3 of blood. 
A) measurement of fatty deposits on the endothelium of arteries. 
B) measurement of the LDL/HDL ratio in peripheral blood. 
C) percent of blood volume made up of platelets. 
D) blood pressure being greater than 140 mm Hg systolic and/or >90 diastolic. 
E) number of leukocytes per mm3 of blood.

Question 3

At what point in the following figure would blood velocity be lowest?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 4

The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because

Accepted Answer

A) the capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells. 
B) the capillaries are far from the heart,and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases. 
C) the diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a high flow rate. 
D) the systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle,which has a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle. 
E) the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system. 
A) the capillary walls are not thin enough to allow oxygen to exchange with the cells. 
B) the capillaries are far from the heart,and blood flow slows as distance from the heart increases. 
C) the diastolic blood pressure is too low to deliver blood to the capillaries at a high flow rate. 
D) the systemic capillaries are supplied by the left ventricle,which has a lower cardiac output than the right ventricle. 
E) the total cross-sectional area of the capillaries is greater than the total cross-sectional area of the arteries or any other part of the circulatory system.

Question 5

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath is called

Accepted Answer

A) residual volume. 
B) vital capacity. 
C) tidal volume. 
D) stroke volume. 
A) residual volume. 
B) vital capacity. 
C) tidal volume. 
D) stroke volume.

Question 6

Please use the following information to answer the questions below.
In the Himalayas,Mount Everest,Earth's highest mountain,reaches over 8,800 meters at its peak.At this altitude the atmospheric pressure is only 254 mm Hg.Although humans cannot survive at this altitude,the bar-headed goose can fly there without any problems.Bar-headed goose hemoglobin can bind the same number of oxygen molecules as human hemoglobin,but its affinities for binding oxygen are different (see graph below).
  
-What is the maximum number of molecules of oxygen that bar-headed goose hemoglobin can bind to?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4

Question 7

Which of the following best explains how the bar-headed goose can survive at an altitude of 8,800 meters?

Accepted Answer

A) The bar-headed goose has a higher metabolic rate. 
B) The bar-headed goose has a structural difference in the hemoglobin protein as a result of evolution in the hemoglobin gene. 
C) The bar-headed goose has a decreased tidal volume. 
D) The bar-headed goose has an open circulatory system. 
A) The bar-headed goose has a higher metabolic rate. 
B) The bar-headed goose has a structural difference in the hemoglobin protein as a result of evolution in the hemoglobin gene. 
C) The bar-headed goose has a decreased tidal volume. 
D) The bar-headed goose has an open circulatory system.

Question 8

In an animal species known for endurance running rather than fast sprinting,you would expect to find a

Accepted Answer

A) slower rate of oxygen consumption so that its breathing will not have to be accelerated. 
B) decrease in myoglobin concentration in the muscles. 
C) relatively slow heart rate in order to lower oxygen consumption. 
D) lower pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. 
E) much higher rate of oxygen consumption for its size. 
A) slower rate of oxygen consumption so that its breathing will not have to be accelerated. 
B) decrease in myoglobin concentration in the muscles. 
C) relatively slow heart rate in order to lower oxygen consumption. 
D) lower pressure of oxygen in the alveoli. 
E) much higher rate of oxygen consumption for its size.

Question 9

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is

Accepted Answer

A) converted to bicarbonate ions by an enzyme in red blood cells. 
B) bound to hemoglobin. 
C) transported in the erythrocytes as carbonic acid. 
D) simply dissolved in the plasma. 
A) converted to bicarbonate ions by an enzyme in red blood cells. 
B) bound to hemoglobin. 
C) transported in the erythrocytes as carbonic acid. 
D) simply dissolved in the plasma.

Question 10

What happens to pH and breathing rate during exercise?

Accepted Answer

A) pH decreases,which causes breathing rate to increase. 
B) pH decreases,which causes breathing rate to decrease. 
C) pH increases,which causes breathing rate to increase. 
D) pH increases,which causes breathing rate to decrease. 
A) pH decreases,which causes breathing rate to increase. 
B) pH decreases,which causes breathing rate to decrease. 
C) pH increases,which causes breathing rate to increase. 
D) pH increases,which causes breathing rate to decrease.

Question 11

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg is likely to be

Accepted Answer

A) an animal that is small and compact. 
B) a species that has very wide-diameter veins. 
C) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain. 
D) an animal that makes frequent,quick motions. 
A) an animal that is small and compact. 
B) a species that has very wide-diameter veins. 
C) an animal that has a very long distance between its heart and its brain. 
D) an animal that makes frequent,quick motions.

Question 12

In a healthy human,the typical life span of a red blood cell is

Accepted Answer

A) 24 hours. 
B) 1 week. 
C) 1 month. 
D) 4 months. 
A) 24 hours. 
B) 1 week. 
C) 1 month. 
D) 4 months.

Question 13

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Accepted Answer

A) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C) the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D) the closure of the mouth. 
E) the expansion of the rib cage. 
A) a decrease in the volume of the thoracic cavity. 
B) a decrease in the residual volume of the lungs. 
C) the contraction of the diaphragm. 
D) the closure of the mouth. 
E) the expansion of the rib cage.

Question 14

Lisa is a healthy 21-year-old female with normal cardiovascular and respiratory function.Assuming she has a normal tidal volume and vital capacity,how much air is left in her lungs after a normal exhalation?

Accepted Answer

A) 0.5 L 
B) 1.2 L 
C) 2.9 L 
D) 3.4 L 
A) 0.5 L 
B) 1.2 L 
C) 2.9 L 
D) 3.4 L

Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Bohr shift on the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is produced by changes in

The diagnosis of hypertension in adults is based on the

At what point in the following figure would blood velocity be lowest?

The velocity of blood flow is the lowest in capillaries because

The amount of air inhaled and exhaled in a normal breath is called

Which of the following best explains how the bar-headed goose can survive at an altitude of 8,800 meters?

In an animal species known for endurance running rather than fast sprinting,you would expect to find a

Most of the carbon dioxide produced by humans is

What happens to pH and breathing rate during exercise?

A species that has a normal resting systolic blood pressure of >260 mm Hg is likely to be

In a healthy human,the typical life span of a red blood cell is

The exhalation of air from human lungs is driven by

Lisa is a healthy 21-year-old female with normal cardiovascular and respiratory function.Assuming she has a normal tidal volume and vital capacity,how much air is left in her lungs after a normal exhalation?

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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