Question 1

The plasma proteins in humans

Accepted Answer

A) maintain the blood's osmotic pressure. 
B) transport water-soluble lipids. 
C) carry out gas exchange. 
D) undergo aerobic metabolism. 
E) transport oxygen. 
A) maintain the blood's osmotic pressure. 
B) transport water-soluble lipids. 
C) carry out gas exchange. 
D) undergo aerobic metabolism. 
E) transport oxygen.

Question 2

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

Accepted Answer

A) the number of heart chambers. 
B) a complete separation of circuits for circulation. 
C) the number of circuits for circulation. 
D) a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit. 
A) the number of heart chambers. 
B) a complete separation of circuits for circulation. 
C) the number of circuits for circulation. 
D) a low blood pressure in the systemic circuit.

Question 3

Edema,or swelling,is a potentially serious medical issue where a significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding cells and tissues occurs.If edema were to occur in the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs,what is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

A) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs 
B) an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
C) a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
D) an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst 
E) a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs 
A) an increase in the amount of carbon dioxide moving from the blood to the lungs 
B) an increase in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
C) a decrease in the amount of oxygen moving from the lungs into the blood 
D) an increase of pressure that would cause the capillary beds to burst 
E) a decrease in the amount of work needed for effective ventilation of the lungs

Question 4

The set of blood vessels with the lowest blood pressure driving flow is

Accepted Answer

A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the venules. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins. 
A) the arteries. 
B) the arterioles. 
C) the venules. 
D) the capillaries. 
E) the veins.

Question 5

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out,resulting in the

Accepted Answer

A) loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries. 
B) development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls. 
C) loss of fluid from capillaries. 
D) increased diffusion of CO2. 
E) increased diffusion of Hb. 
A) loss of osmotic pressure in the capillaries. 
B) development of an osmotic pressure difference across capillary walls. 
C) loss of fluid from capillaries. 
D) increased diffusion of CO2. 
E) increased diffusion of Hb.

Question 6

Damage to which brain structures will most likely cause impairment of a mammal's breathing cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) the cerebrum and cerebellum 
B) the medulla oblongata and the pons 
C) the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex 
D) the thalamus and the hypothalamus 
E) the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe 
A) the cerebrum and cerebellum 
B) the medulla oblongata and the pons 
C) the adrenal medulla and the adrenal cortex 
D) the thalamus and the hypothalamus 
E) the frontal lobe and the temporal lobe

Question 7

To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in a mammal,atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross

Accepted Answer

A) zero membranes-oxygen binds directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
B) one membrane-that of the lining in the lungs-and then bind directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
C) two membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung-and then bind directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
D) four membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung and in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary-and then bind directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
E) five membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung,in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary,and into the red blood cell-to bind with hemoglobin. 
A) zero membranes-oxygen binds directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
B) one membrane-that of the lining in the lungs-and then bind directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
C) two membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung-and then bind directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
D) four membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung and in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary-and then bind directly to hemoglobin,a protein dissolved in the plasma of the blood. 
E) five membranes-in and out of the cell lining the lung,in and out of the endothelial cell lining an alveolar capillary,and into the red blood cell-to bind with hemoglobin.

Question 8

All of the following are present in arterioles and in capillaries except

Accepted Answer

A) fully oxygenated blood. 
B) plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C) a lining of endothelial cells. 
D) circular smooth muscle cells. 
E) white blood cells and platelets. 
A) fully oxygenated blood. 
B) plasma in which carbon dioxide has been added. 
C) a lining of endothelial cells. 
D) circular smooth muscle cells. 
E) white blood cells and platelets.

Question 9

The hemocyanin of arthropods and molluscs differs from the hemoglobin of mammals in that

Accepted Answer

A) the oxygen dissociation curve for hemocyanin is linear. 
B) hemocyanin carries more carbon dioxide. 
C) hemocyanin is bound to copper rather than iron. 
D) the protein of hemocyanin is not bound to metals. 
E) hemocyanin is bound to potassium ions. 
A) the oxygen dissociation curve for hemocyanin is linear. 
B) hemocyanin carries more carbon dioxide. 
C) hemocyanin is bound to copper rather than iron. 
D) the protein of hemocyanin is not bound to metals. 
E) hemocyanin is bound to potassium ions.

Question 10

If a vial of blood if spun at high speeds in a centrifuge,it separates into three layers: erythrocytes,leukocytes and platelets,and plasma.Which component of blood is the least dense?

Accepted Answer

A) erythrocytes 
B) leukocytes and platelets 
C) plasma 
A) erythrocytes 
B) leukocytes and platelets 
C) plasma

Question 11

During most daily activities,the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

Accepted Answer

A) nitrogen. 
B) oxygen. 
C) carbon dioxide. 
D) sodium. 
A) nitrogen. 
B) oxygen. 
C) carbon dioxide. 
D) sodium.

Question 12

Which of the following can cause the LDL/HDL ratio to increase and thus increase the likelihood of a myocardial infarction?

Accepted Answer

A) stopping smoking 
B) eating more trans fats 
C) exercising more 
D) taking statin drugs 
A) stopping smoking 
B) eating more trans fats 
C) exercising more 
D) taking statin drugs

Question 13

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Accepted Answer

A) are both found within blood cells. 
B) are both red in color. 
C) are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D) both transport oxygen. 
E) are both found in mammals. 
A) are both found within blood cells. 
B) are both red in color. 
C) are both freely dissolved in the plasma. 
D) both transport oxygen. 
E) are both found in mammals.

Question 14

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the

Accepted Answer

A) amphibians. 
B) birds. 
C) fishes. 
D) mammals. 
E) reptiles. 
A) amphibians. 
B) birds. 
C) fishes. 
D) mammals. 
E) reptiles.

Question 15

Lymphedema is a disorder in which the lymphatic vessels associated with capillary beds are blocked.What will be the long-term effect of lymphedema?

Accepted Answer

A) more fluid entering the venous capillaries 
B) an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed 
C) the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas 
D) fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid 
E) the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small 
A) more fluid entering the venous capillaries 
B) an increase in the blood pressure in the capillary bed 
C) the accumulation of more fluid in the interstitial areas 
D) fewer proteins leaking out of the blood to enter the interstitial fluid 
E) the area of the blockage becoming abnormally small

Question 16

Which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) rat 
B) snake 
C) human 
D) rhinoceros 
E) giraffe 
A) rat 
B) snake 
C) human 
D) rhinoceros 
E) giraffe

Question 17

Breathing is usually regulated by

Accepted Answer

A) erythropoietin levels in the blood. 
B) the concentration of red blood cells. 
C) hemoglobin levels in the blood. 
D) CO2 and O2 concentration and pH-level sensors. 
E) the lungs and the larynx. 
A) erythropoietin levels in the blood. 
B) the concentration of red blood cells. 
C) hemoglobin levels in the blood. 
D) CO2 and O2 concentration and pH-level sensors. 
E) the lungs and the larynx.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in reptiles and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation 
B) right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation 
C) pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
D) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
E) right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle 
A) left ventricle → aorta → lungs → systemic circulation 
B) right ventricle → pulmonary vein → pulmocutaneous circulation 
C) pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
D) vena cava → right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary circuit 
E) right atrium → pulmonary artery → left atrium → ventricle

Question 19

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because

Accepted Answer

A) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract,increasing the lung volume. 
B) the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract. 
C) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. 
D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. 
E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 
A) the rib muscles and diaphragm contract,increasing the lung volume. 
B) the volume of the alveoli increases as smooth muscles contract. 
C) gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. 
D) pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. 
E) a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes.

Question 20

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation,an organism would need a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) open circulatory system. 
B) closed circulatory system. 
C) lymphatic system. 
D) two-chambered heart. 
E) four-chambered heart. 
A) open circulatory system. 
B) closed circulatory system. 
C) lymphatic system. 
D) two-chambered heart. 
E) four-chambered heart.

Exam 34: Circulation and Gas Exchange

The plasma proteins in humans

One feature that amphibians and humans have in common is

Edema,or swelling,is a potentially serious medical issue where a significant increase in the amount of interstitial fluid surrounding cells and tissues occurs.If edema were to occur in the interstitial fluid surrounding the capillary beds of a human's lungs,what is the most likely outcome?

The set of blood vessels with the lowest blood pressure driving flow is

Large proteins such as albumin remain in capillaries rather than diffusing out,resulting in the

Damage to which brain structures will most likely cause impairment of a mammal's breathing cycle?

To become bound to hemoglobin for transport in a mammal,atmospheric molecules of oxygen must cross

All of the following are present in arterioles and in capillaries except

The hemocyanin of arthropods and molluscs differs from the hemoglobin of mammals in that

If a vial of blood if spun at high speeds in a centrifuge,it separates into three layers: erythrocytes,leukocytes and platelets,and plasma.Which component of blood is the least dense?

During most daily activities,the human respiration rate is most closely linked to the blood levels of

Which of the following can cause the LDL/HDL ratio to increase and thus increase the likelihood of a myocardial infarction?

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

The only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart are the

Lymphedema is a disorder in which the lymphatic vessels associated with capillary beds are blocked.What will be the long-term effect of lymphedema?

Which organism likely has the highest systolic pressure?

Breathing is usually regulated by

Which of the following is the correct sequence of blood flow in reptiles and mammals?

Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because

To adjust blood pressure independently in the capillaries of the gas-exchange surface and in the capillaries of the general body circulation,an organism would need a(n)

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

The Immune System

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Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

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Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

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