Question 1

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between

Accepted Answer

A) choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live. 
B) producing larger numbers of gametes with internal fertilization versus external fertilization. 
C) increasing the quantity of offspring per reproductive episode and an increase in parental care. 
D) ensuring high offspring survival rates per reproductive episode and the cost of parental care. 
A) choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live. 
B) producing larger numbers of gametes with internal fertilization versus external fertilization. 
C) increasing the quantity of offspring per reproductive episode and an increase in parental care. 
D) ensuring high offspring survival rates per reproductive episode and the cost of parental care.

Question 2

Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities?

Accepted Answer

A) precipitation,wind 
B) nutrient availability,soil pH 
C) predation,competition 
D) temperature,water 
E) light intensity,seasonality 
A) precipitation,wind 
B) nutrient availability,soil pH 
C) predation,competition 
D) temperature,water 
E) light intensity,seasonality

Question 3

Figure 40.3
-Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 4

A cosmic catastrophic event occurred that caused the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit to increase from 23.5 degrees to 90 degrees.The most obvious effect of this change would be

Accepted Answer

A) the elimination of trade winds. 
B) an increase in the length of night. 
C) an increase in the length of a year. 
D) the elimination of seasonal variation. 
A) the elimination of trade winds. 
B) an increase in the length of night. 
C) an increase in the length of a year. 
D) the elimination of seasonal variation.

Question 5

Which of the following models is used to examine decreases in the rate of population growth as population size approaches carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

A) exponential growth 
B) logistic growth model 
C) survivorship curve 
D) intrinsic rate of increase 
A) exponential growth 
B) logistic growth model 
C) survivorship curve 
D) intrinsic rate of increase

Question 6

Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?

Accepted Answer

A) Fires maintain the low,widely scattered vegetation found in deserts. 
B) Many kinds of plants and plant communities have adapted to frequent fires. 
C) Many species in temperate broadleaf forests depend on fire to regenerate. 
D) Chaparral communities have evolved to the extent that they rarely burn. 
E) Most species have not adapted to fire as it is unnatural in every ecosystem. 
A) Fires maintain the low,widely scattered vegetation found in deserts. 
B) Many kinds of plants and plant communities have adapted to frequent fires. 
C) Many species in temperate broadleaf forests depend on fire to regenerate. 
D) Chaparral communities have evolved to the extent that they rarely burn. 
E) Most species have not adapted to fire as it is unnatural in every ecosystem.

Question 7

Imagine you are managing a large game ranch.You know from historical accounts that a species of deer used to live there,but they have been extirpated.You decide to reintroduce them.After doing some research to determine what might be an appropriate size founding population,you do so.You watch the population increase for several generations and then graph the number of individuals (vertical axis)against the number of generations (horizontal axis).The graph will likely appear as

Accepted Answer

A) a diagonal line,getting higher with each generation. 
B) an "S," increasing with each generation. 
C) an upside-down "U." 
D) a "J," increasing with each generation. 
E) an "S" that ends with a vertical line. 
A) a diagonal line,getting higher with each generation. 
B) an "S," increasing with each generation. 
C) an upside-down "U." 
D) a "J," increasing with each generation. 
E) an "S" that ends with a vertical line.

Question 8

Which of the following reproductive strategies is consistent with energetic trade-off and reproductive success?

Accepted Answer

A) Pioneer species of plants produce many very small,highly airborne seeds. 
B) Rabbits that suffer high predation rates produce several litters per breeding season. 
C) Animals that are caring parents produce fewer offspring with lower infant mortality. 
D) A flowering plant nurtures its thousands of seeds until they are ready to germinate. 
A) Pioneer species of plants produce many very small,highly airborne seeds. 
B) Rabbits that suffer high predation rates produce several litters per breeding season. 
C) Animals that are caring parents produce fewer offspring with lower infant mortality. 
D) A flowering plant nurtures its thousands of seeds until they are ready to germinate.

Question 9

Please use the following information to answer the question(s)below.
The eight climographs in Figure 40.1 show yearly temperature (line graph and left vertical axis)and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical axis)averages for each month for some locations on Earth.Choose the climograph that best answers the question.
   Figure 40.1
-Which of the following best substantiates why location 3 is an equatorial (tropical)climate?

Accepted Answer

A) It has a monsoon season during the winter months. 
B) It has consistent monthly averages for rainfall. 
C) The temperature is high for each monthly average. 
D) The temperatures reach 100°F during some months. 
E) The temperatures are lower in June,July,and August. 
A) It has a monsoon season during the winter months. 
B) It has consistent monthly averages for rainfall. 
C) The temperature is high for each monthly average. 
D) The temperatures reach 100°F during some months. 
E) The temperatures are lower in June,July,and August.

Question 10

In which of the following terrestrial biome pairs are both biomes dependent upon periodic burning?

Accepted Answer

A) tundra and coniferous forest 
B) chaparral and savanna 
C) desert and savanna 
D) tropical and broadleaf forest 
E) grassland and tundra 
A) tundra and coniferous forest 
B) chaparral and savanna 
C) desert and savanna 
D) tropical and broadleaf forest 
E) grassland and tundra

Question 11

The three basic variables that make up the life history of an organism are

Accepted Answer

A) life expectancy of females in the population,birth rate of offspring,and death rate of offspring. 
B) number of reproductive females in the population,age structure of the population,and life expectancy. 
C) age when reproduction begins,how often reproduction occurs,and how many offspring are produced per reproductive episode. 
D) how often reproduction occurs,life expectancy of females in the population,and number of offspring per reproductive episode. 
E) the number of reproductive females in the population,how often reproduction occurs,and death rate. 
A) life expectancy of females in the population,birth rate of offspring,and death rate of offspring. 
B) number of reproductive females in the population,age structure of the population,and life expectancy. 
C) age when reproduction begins,how often reproduction occurs,and how many offspring are produced per reproductive episode. 
D) how often reproduction occurs,life expectancy of females in the population,and number of offspring per reproductive episode. 
E) the number of reproductive females in the population,how often reproduction occurs,and death rate.

Question 12

Areas where terrestrial biomes grade into neighboring biomes way be wide or narrow.Which of the following terms best describes this intergradation?

Accepted Answer

A) latitude 
B) ecotone 
C) longitude 
D) ecosystem 
A) latitude 
B) ecotone 
C) longitude 
D) ecosystem

Question 13

Which of the following is a physical factor that can limit the geographic distribution of species?

Accepted Answer

A) predation 
B) disease 
C) soil structure 
D) nutrients 
E) pH 
A) predation 
B) disease 
C) soil structure 
D) nutrients 
E) pH

Question 14

In models of logistic population growth,

Accepted Answer

A) the population growth rate slows,eventually becoming zero as N approaches K. 
B) new individuals are added to the population most rapidly as K approaches N. 
C) new individuals are added to the population most rapidly as N approaches K. 
D) only density-independent environmental factors affect the rate of population growth. 
E) carrying capacity is the number of additional individuals the environment can support. 
A) the population growth rate slows,eventually becoming zero as N approaches K. 
B) new individuals are added to the population most rapidly as K approaches N. 
C) new individuals are added to the population most rapidly as N approaches K. 
D) only density-independent environmental factors affect the rate of population growth. 
E) carrying capacity is the number of additional individuals the environment can support.

Question 15

Which of the following biomes is correctly paired with the description of its climate?

Accepted Answer

A) savanna-low temperature,precipitation uniform during the year 
B) tundra-long summers,mild winters 
C) temperate broadleaf forest-relatively short growing season,mild winters 
D) tropical forests-nearly constant day length and temperature 
A) savanna-low temperature,precipitation uniform during the year 
B) tundra-long summers,mild winters 
C) temperate broadleaf forest-relatively short growing season,mild winters 
D) tropical forests-nearly constant day length and temperature

Question 16

Please use the following information to answer the question(s)below.
The eight climographs in Figure 40.1 show yearly temperature (line graph and left vertical axis)and precipitation (bar graph and right vertical axis)averages for each month for some locations on Earth.Choose the climograph that best answers the question.
   Figure 40.1
-Which climograph shows the climate for location 4?

Accepted Answer

A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) V 
E) VI 
A) I 
B) II 
C) III 
D) V 
E) VI

Question 17

Figure 40.3
-Which curve best describes survivorship in humans who live in developed nations?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 18

Which of the following graphs illustrates the growth curve of a small population of rodents that has grown to reach a static carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E) 
  
A) 
  
B) 
  
C) 
  
D) 
  
E)

Question 19

Which of the following describes a Type II survivorship curve?

Accepted Answer

A) flat at the start,then dropping steeply as death rates increase 
B) dropping sharply at the start,then flattening out as death rates decline 
C) a constant decline with a constant death rate over the life span 
D) flat at the start,then rising steeply as death rates decrease 
A) flat at the start,then dropping steeply as death rates increase 
B) dropping sharply at the start,then flattening out as death rates decline 
C) a constant decline with a constant death rate over the life span 
D) flat at the start,then rising steeply as death rates decrease

Question 20

A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02.Calculate an estimate of the number of individuals added to (or lost from)a population of 1,000 individuals in one year.

Accepted Answer

A) 120 individuals added 
B) 40 individuals added 
C) 20 individuals added 
D) 400 individuals added 
E) 20 individuals lost 
A) 120 individuals added 
B) 40 individuals added 
C) 20 individuals added 
D) 400 individuals added 
E) 20 individuals lost

Exam 40: Population Ecology and the Distribution of Organisms

Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between

Which of the following are important biotic factors that can affect the structure and organization of biological communities?

Figure 40.3 -Which curve best describes survivorship in elephants?

A cosmic catastrophic event occurred that caused the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to its plane of orbit to increase from 23.5 degrees to 90 degrees.The most obvious effect of this change would be

Which of the following models is used to examine decreases in the rate of population growth as population size approaches carrying capacity?

Which of the following statements best describes the interaction between fire and ecosystems?

Which of the following reproductive strategies is consistent with energetic trade-off and reproductive success?

In which of the following terrestrial biome pairs are both biomes dependent upon periodic burning?

The three basic variables that make up the life history of an organism are

Areas where terrestrial biomes grade into neighboring biomes way be wide or narrow.Which of the following terms best describes this intergradation?

Which of the following is a physical factor that can limit the geographic distribution of species?

In models of logistic population growth,

Which of the following biomes is correctly paired with the description of its climate?

Figure 40.3 -Which curve best describes survivorship in humans who live in developed nations?

Which of the following graphs illustrates the growth curve of a small population of rodents that has grown to reach a static carrying capacity?

Which of the following describes a Type II survivorship curve?

A population of ground squirrels has an annual per capita birth rate of 0.06 and an annual per capita death rate of 0.02.Calculate an estimate of the number of individuals added to (or lost from)a population of 1,000 individuals in one year.

Introduction: Evolution and the Foundations of Biology

The Chemical Context of Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Transport and Cell Signaling

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Development,stem Cells,and Cancer

Viruses

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent With Modification

Phylogeny

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

Broad Patterns of Evolution

Early Life and the Diversification of Prokaryotes

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Colonization of Land by Plants and Fungi

The Rise of Animal Diversity

Plant Structure and Growth

Resource Acquisition,nutrition,and Transport in Vascular Plants

Reproduction and Domestication of Flowering Plants

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Homeostasis and Endocrine Signaling

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Reproduction and Development

Neurons,synapses,and Signaling

Nervous and Sensory Systems

Motor Mechanisms and Behavior

Ecological Communities

Ecosystems and Energy

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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