Exam 41: Ecological Communities

In 1988,a severe drought contributed to a forest fire in Yellowstone National Park.Approximately one year later,herbaceous plants,unlike those in the original forest,covered the forest floor.Which of the following most correctly describes the process of this herbaceous growth?

Elephants are not the most dominant species in African grasslands,yet they influence community structure.The grasslands contain scattered woody plants,but they are kept in check by the uprooting activities of the elephants.If the elephants are taken away,the grasslands convert to forests or to shrublands.The newly growing forests support fewer species than the previous grasslands.Which of the following describes why elephants are the keystone species in this scenario?

Figure 41.3 -Examine the diagram of a hypothetical food web in Figure 41.3.The arrows represent the transfer of energy between the various trophic levels.Which letter represents an organism that could be a primary producer?

Evidence shows that some grasses benefit from being grazed.Which of the following terms would best describe this plant-herbivore interaction?

Tuberculosis is a human disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis.When this pathogen is inhaled,it grows in lung cells,causing damage to the human host.Which of the following best describes the interaction between the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its human host?

Which of the following is a correct statement about the MacArthur/Wilson Island Equilibrium Model?

Chthamalus and Balanus belong to the same trophic level.Based on this information and their distributions in the low tide zone in Connell's experiment,what is the best way to represent the interaction between the two species using the symbols for positive (+)and negative (-)interaction?

Which of the following terms is most correct in describing any interaction in which one of two species benefits by feeding on the other species?

Connell conducted this experiment to learn more about

White-breasted nuthatches and Downy woodpeckers both eat insects that hide in the furrows of bark in hardwood trees.The Downy woodpecker searches for insects by hunting from the bottom of the tree trunk toward the top,whereas the white-breasted nuthatch searches from the top of the trunk down.These hunting behaviors best illustrate which of the following ecological concepts?

Which of the following best describes resource partitioning?

Which of the following studies would shed light on the mechanism of spread of H5N1 from Asia to North America?

What interactions exist between a bee and a flower?

Which of the following is an example of aposematic coloration?

The feeding relationships between species in a community is called

Which of the following factors influences the species richness of a community the most?

Evapotranspiration varies based on the latitude of a community and the area a community occupies.Which of the following would result in the highest degree of evapotranspiration?

Which of the following is an example of Batesian mimicry?

Figure 41.2 Examine Figure 41.2.Which block shows the greatest diversity?