Exam 41: Ecological Communities

Use the diagram in Figure 41.4 of five islands formed at around the same time near a particular mainland,as well as MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeography principles,to answer the following question(s). Figure 41.4 -Which island would likely exhibit the least species diversity?

In a lake with three trophic levels (non-native fish,zooplankton,algae),how might an algal bloom be prevented?

Which of the following is considered to be a pioneer species colonizing Glacier Bay during primary succession?

Imagine five forest communities,each with 100 individuals distributed among four different tree species (W,X,Y,and Z).Which forest community would be most diverse?

How might an ecologist test whether a species is occupying a fundamental niche or a realized niche?

Based on the Shannon Diversity calculations,which of the following communities is most diverse?

Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis,a community's species diversity is increased by

As you study two closely related predatory insect species,the two-spot and the three-spot avenger beetles,you notice that each species seeks prey at dawn in areas without the other species.However,where their ranges overlap,the two-spot avenger beetle hunts at night,and the three-spot hunts in the morning.When you bring them into the laboratory and isolate the two different species,you discover that the offspring of both species are nocturnal.You have discovered an example of

Two species of bacteria with identical fundamental niches cannot permanently coexist together in a community.This phenomenon is best described as

Which of the following is a likely explanation for why invasive species take over communities into which they have been introduced?

Zoonotic diseases,like West Nile virus,are concentrated in distinct regions and spread at different rates.The difference in the rate of spread is most directly related to

Resource partitioning would be most likely to occur between

Zoonotic diseases

According to the non-equilibrium model,

According to the competitive exclusion principle,two species cannot continue to occupy the same

Which of the following best describes a pathogen?

What are usually the first photosynthetic organisms to colonize during primary succession?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s)below. The effect of invasive species on the diversity of communities can be large,and protecting native communities from the invasion of non-native species is often a priority for conservation.You conduct an experiment to study how the impact of invasive plant species on the diversity of plant communities varies as a function of distance from the source of the invasive species.In this experiment,you create five communities with equal numbers of three native plant species at the beginning.Each of these communities is located at increasing distances from a large patch of an invasive species.You and your research assistant return 1 year later to measure the relative abundance of each species.The results are shown in the table. -The biological hypothesis for your experiment is based on the model of island biogeography.What is the independent variable of your experiment?

Please use the following information to answer the question(s)below. The symbols +,-,and 0 are to be used to show the results of interactions between individuals and groups of individuals in the examples that follow.The symbol + denotes a positive interaction,- denotes a negative interaction,and 0 denotes an interaction that has no effect on the individuals involved.The first symbol refers to the first organism mentioned. -What interactions exist between the cattle egret and grazing cattle?

Which of the following phrases best describes an ecological niche?