Exam 6: The Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division; Special Senses

The ____________________ is a modified endoplasmic reticulum within muscle.

Which of these statements applies to T tubules?

Which of the following structures does NOT directly influence motor neurons?

The lever system at the elbow joint provides a mechanical advantage so that, when the biceps muscle contracts to flex the elbow joint and lift an object in the hand, the force developed in the biceps can be considerably less than the actual load that is moved.

Match the muscle-tension receptors, labelled a. through c., with the characteristics. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.muscle spindle b.Golgi tendon organ c.both of these receptors -involved in negative feedback

In smooth muscle, Ca²⁺ binds with the protein ____________________, which is structurally similar to troponin.

Gradation of muscle contraction can be accomplished by stimulating variable portions of each motor unit.

____________________ refers to the series of events linking muscle excitation to muscle contraction.

For every muscle, there is an optimal length at which maximum ____________________ is achieved.

Which of these statements correctly describes pacemaker activity?

____________________ are the intracellular signal for contraction.

The heart initiates its own action potentials without any external influence.

Match the types of muscles, labelled a. through g., with the properties in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.skeletal muscle only b.single-unit smooth muscle only c.cardiac muscle only d.skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle e.skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle f.single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle g.skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles -under voluntary control

Which of the following is a characteristic feature of isometric muscle contractions?

Match the skeletal muscle proteins, labelled a. through f., with the descriptions. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.actin only b.myosin only c.actin and myosin d.troponin-tropomyosin complex e.actin, troponin, and tropomyosin f.actin, myosin, troponin, and tropomyosin -form(s) a helical chain

Match the types of muscles, labelled a. through g., with the properties in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.skeletal muscle only b.single-unit smooth muscle only c.cardiac muscle only d.skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle e.skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle f.single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle g.skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles -Match the muscle type with the correct characteristics by using the answer codes a. through e. ____ cardiac muscle ____ multiunit smooth muscle ____ single-unit smooth muscle ____ skeletal muscle a. voluntary, neurogenic, and striated b. voluntary, neurogenic, and nonstriated c. involuntary, myogenic, and striated d. involuntary, neurogenic, and nonstriated e. involuntary, myogenic, and nonstriated

Match the types of muscles, labelled a. through g., with the properties in question. (Options may be used more than once or not at all.) a.skeletal muscle only b.single-unit smooth muscle only c.cardiac muscle only d.skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle e.skeletal muscle and single-unit smooth muscle f.single-unit smooth muscle and cardiac muscle g.skeletal, single-unit smooth, and cardiac muscles -striated

For which of these purposes are stretch reflexes important?

Which of these events results from disruption of a motor system that supplies inhibitory presynaptic inputs to motor neurons?

Which of the following is NOT a normal, age-related change that occurs in muscles of older individuals?