Exam 2: Modern Ideologies and Political Philosophy

The appearance of "ideologies" on a large scale parallels the "Age of Liberalism" when political ideas about what ought to be had added to them ideas about what people should do to make it happen.

What is the relationship between the two-party system and the campaigns common in those systems and the development of American liberalism and American conservatism?

The ideology of ______________________ is most associated with the following: anti-intellectual, national rebirth, strong leadership, and those disadvantaged by change.

Marx believed that the plight of workers in European society was their own fault (consistent with liberalism) and that they should recognize that and rise up to challenge those in power.

Socialism grows out of the classic liberal tradition but varies in its belief that workers who are disadvantaged in the structure of society warrant special assistance, and that society is best analyzed using class as the key element.

Classic conservative ideology emphasizes:

The core value of classic liberalism is to insure that government establishes a firm sense of community and finds a single strong platform of values on which to base that community.

Order, stability, morality, and structure are all associated with classic ___________________.

Classic conservative leaders in Europe have always resisted the development of the "welfare state," including social security, health, and other such protections.

A classic conservative would be more comfortable with a trend toward concentration of political power than would a classic liberal.

The primary change in European society that spawned LIBERAISM was the development of modern large scale _________________________.

Marx predicted that a revolution of the working class in industrialized countries was inevitable.

Because politics is not static, ideology also tends to absorbs new ideas and transform itself.

Classic liberalism was invented by intellectuals who were moved by general artistic and scientific restlessness.

Fascism tended to particularly appeal to:

Critical Thinking Clarifying things in ideological terms can be very challenging. The terms LEFT and RIGHT are classic labels for liberalism and conservatism. You can simplify your life if you focus on the key difference being the locus of power in a system or where people advocate it should be. In essence, how much of what gets decided is decided by the state or by the individual in society? Think carefully about the credible arguments that can be put for each of those positions.

Religion and politics both aspire to prescribe behavior for people in society. For this reason, the connection and or competition between the two are likely.

The most influential socialist writer was:

Some ideologies are normative and some are exclusively empirical.

St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas both wrote of the role of government in early European society. They both concluded (by different avenues) that government had a ______________ (choose either "meaningful" or "undermining") role to play in a religious society.