Question 1

Which of the following blood parameters is associated with uremia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium greater than 145 mEq/L 
B)  Blood urea nitrogen greater than 100 mg/dl 
C)  Creatinine level between 0.6 and 1.5 mg/dl 
D)  eKt/V greater than 1.2 
A)  Sodium greater than 145 mEq/L 
B)  Blood urea nitrogen greater than 100 mg/dl 
C)  Creatinine level between 0.6 and 1.5 mg/dl 
D)  eKt/V greater than 1.2 B

Question 2

Which kidney condition is associated with hematuria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nephritic syndrome 
B)  Nephrotic syndrome 
C)  Pyelonephritis 
D)  Renal tubular acidosis 
A)  Nephritic syndrome 
B)  Nephrotic syndrome 
C)  Pyelonephritis 
D)  Renal tubular acidosis A

Question 3

Which of the following increases the excretion of urinary calcium and uric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animal protein 
B)  Carbohydrate 
C)  Fat 
D)  Increased water intake 
A)  Animal protein 
B)  Carbohydrate 
C)  Fat 
D)  Increased water intake A

Question 4

Renal adaptations that permit "normal" function eventually fail, causing a progression toward ESRD because of

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of nephrons. 
B)  uremia. 
C)  increases in blood pressure. 
D)  imbalances between glomerular and tubular functions. 
A)  loss of nephrons. 
B)  uremia. 
C)  increases in blood pressure. 
D)  imbalances between glomerular and tubular functions.

Question 5

Which of the following foods does NOT potentially increase the acidity of urine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lemons 
B)  Cranberries 
C)  Chicken 
D)  Spaghetti noodles 
A)  Lemons 
B)  Cranberries 
C)  Chicken 
D)  Spaghetti noodles

Question 6

During which stage of chronic kidney disease does the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) recommend that a protein intake of 0.6 g/kg/day be initiated?

Accepted Answer

A)  for acute kidney injury 
B)  when HD is started 
C)  when the GFR falls below 25 ml/min 
D)  protein should never be as low as 0.6 g/kg/day 
A)  for acute kidney injury 
B)  when HD is started 
C)  when the GFR falls below 25 ml/min 
D)  protein should never be as low as 0.6 g/kg/day

Question 7

In children with CKD, the primary goal of MNT is

Accepted Answer

A)  to control hypertension. 
B)  fluid balance. 
C)  normal growth and development. 
D)  adherence to protein restriction. 
A)  to control hypertension. 
B)  fluid balance. 
C)  normal growth and development. 
D)  adherence to protein restriction.

Question 8

The primary cause of anemia that presents in chronic renal failure is

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of heme and nonheme iron intake. 
B)  loss of iron through the diseased kidney. 
C)  deficiency of the hormone erythropoietin. 
D)  loss of blood through dialysis. 
A)  lack of heme and nonheme iron intake. 
B)  loss of iron through the diseased kidney. 
C)  deficiency of the hormone erythropoietin. 
D)  loss of blood through dialysis.

Question 9

Intake of which of the following nutrients is generally NOT decreased in the nutrition therapy of patients with ESRD?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sodium 
B)  Phosphorus 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Potassium 
A)  Sodium 
B)  Phosphorus 
C)  Calcium 
D)  Potassium

Question 10

The most common renal stones contain calcium precipitates of

Accepted Answer

A)  oxalate. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  phytate. 
D)  struvite. 
A)  oxalate. 
B)  phosphate. 
C)  phytate. 
D)  struvite.

Question 11

The rennin-angiotensin mechanism

Accepted Answer

A)  regulates calcium and phosphorus balance. 
B)  regulates blood pressure. 
C)  is the first function of the kidney to deteriorate in AFI. 
D)  is responsible for the production of EPO. 
A)  regulates calcium and phosphorus balance. 
B)  regulates blood pressure. 
C)  is the first function of the kidney to deteriorate in AFI. 
D)  is responsible for the production of EPO.

Question 12

Which of the following can minimize the resorption effects of increased parathormone on bone calcium that occurs in renal disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  eliminating carbonated beverages to decrease phosphates 
B)  using thiazide diuretics to eliminate calcium 
C)  supplementing calcium early in the disease 
D)  decreasing protein products high in phosphate 
A)  eliminating carbonated beverages to decrease phosphates 
B)  using thiazide diuretics to eliminate calcium 
C)  supplementing calcium early in the disease 
D)  decreasing protein products high in phosphate

Question 13

Which of the following diseases is NOT among the top three considered to cause nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

A)  Kidney cancer 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Lupus 
D)  Amyloidosis 
A)  Kidney cancer 
B)  Diabetes 
C)  Lupus 
D)  Amyloidosis

Question 14

Which type of dialysis treatment is usually done at night?

Accepted Answer

A)  Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 
B)  Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis 
C)  Hemodialysis 
D)  Intermittent dialysis 
A)  Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis 
B)  Continuous cyclic peritoneal dialysis 
C)  Hemodialysis 
D)  Intermittent dialysis

Question 15

When acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by hypertrophy of the prostate, the ARF is classified as _____ AKI.

Accepted Answer

A)  secondary 
B)  prerenal 
C)  intrinsic 
D)  postrenal 
A)  secondary 
B)  prerenal 
C)  intrinsic 
D)  postrenal

Question 16

A complication of intradialytic parenteral nutrition that is NOT commonly associated with usual PN is

Accepted Answer

A)  vitamin deficiency. 
B)  hypophosphatemia. 
C)  infection. 
D)  hypoglycemia. 
A)  vitamin deficiency. 
B)  hypophosphatemia. 
C)  infection. 
D)  hypoglycemia.

Question 17

At least how much protein should be provided by the diet of a patient who receives hemodialysis three times per week?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.6 g/kg of body weight 
B)  1 g/kg of body weight 
C)  1.2 g/kg of body weight 
D)  1.5 g/kg of body weight 
A)  0.6 g/kg of body weight 
B)  1 g/kg of body weight 
C)  1.2 g/kg of body weight 
D)  1.5 g/kg of body weight

Question 18

Which of the following guidelines should be followed by a patient who has a history of kidney stones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decrease fluid intake to keep urine output to less than 1 L/day. 
B)  Decrease intake of magnesium-containing antacids. 
C)  Increase fluid intake to maintain urinary output at or above 2 L/day. 
D)  Use sodium bicarbonate to alkalize urine. 
A)  Decrease fluid intake to keep urine output to less than 1 L/day. 
B)  Decrease intake of magnesium-containing antacids. 
C)  Increase fluid intake to maintain urinary output at or above 2 L/day. 
D)  Use sodium bicarbonate to alkalize urine.

Question 19

A reduction in which of the following parameters is the first alteration that leads to the development of chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Left ventricular ejection 
C)  Blood volume 
D)  Glomerular filtration rate 
A)  Blood pressure 
B)  Left ventricular ejection 
C)  Blood volume 
D)  Glomerular filtration rate

Question 20

The type of renal therapy that requires the patient to restrict fluid intake is

Accepted Answer

A)  impaired renal function. 
B)  hemodialysis. 
C)  CAPD. 
D)  CCPD. 
A)  impaired renal function. 
B)  hemodialysis. 
C)  CAPD. 
D)  CCPD.

Exam 35: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Which of the following blood parameters is associated with uremia?

Which kidney condition is associated with hematuria?

Which of the following increases the excretion of urinary calcium and uric acid?

Renal adaptations that permit "normal" function eventually fail, causing a progression toward ESRD because of

Which of the following foods does NOT potentially increase the acidity of urine?

During which stage of chronic kidney disease does the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) recommend that a protein intake of 0.6 g/kg/day be initiated?

In children with CKD, the primary goal of MNT is

The primary cause of anemia that presents in chronic renal failure is

Intake of which of the following nutrients is generally NOT decreased in the nutrition therapy of patients with ESRD?

The most common renal stones contain calcium precipitates of

The rennin-angiotensin mechanism

Which of the following can minimize the resorption effects of increased parathormone on bone calcium that occurs in renal disease?

Which of the following diseases is NOT among the top three considered to cause nephrotic syndrome?

Which type of dialysis treatment is usually done at night?

When acute kidney injury (AKI) is caused by hypertrophy of the prostate, the ARF is classified as _____ AKI.

A complication of intradialytic parenteral nutrition that is NOT commonly associated with usual PN is

At least how much protein should be provided by the diet of a patient who receives hemodialysis three times per week?

Which of the following guidelines should be followed by a patient who has a history of kidney stones?

A reduction in which of the following parameters is the first alteration that leads to the development of chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease?

The type of renal therapy that requires the patient to restrict fluid intake is

Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Intake: Energy

Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Clinical: Nutritional Genomics

Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: the Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Diet Guidelines, Nutrient Standards, and Cultural Competence

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary Supplementation

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support

Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change

Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation

Nutrition in Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Nutrition in Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hiv and Aids

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Mnt in Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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