Question 1

What are primarily absorbed by the large intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Water and fats 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Water and electrolytes 
A)  Water and fats 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Proteins 
D)  Water and electrolytes D

Question 2

What is the function of secretin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility 
B)  Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of bile 
C)  Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate 
D)  Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin 
A)  Stimulation of gastric secretions and increased motility 
B)  Stimulation of gallbladder contraction and the release of bile 
C)  Stimulation of the pancreas to secrete water and bicarbonate 
D)  Stimulation of the parietal cells to secrete gastrin C

Question 3

Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamins 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Minerals 
D)  Alcohol 
A)  Vitamins 
B)  Carbohydrates 
C)  Minerals 
D)  Alcohol D

Question 4

In what form is dietary fat absorbed from the lumen of the intestine?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chylomicron 
B)  Micelle 
C)  Triglyceride 
D)  Lipoprotein 
A)  Chylomicron 
B)  Micelle 
C)  Triglyceride 
D)  Lipoprotein

Question 5

After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional complication is most likely to develop?

Accepted Answer

A)  Changes in dietary habits 
B)  Impaired digestion 
C)  Loss of absorptive tissue 
D)  Elimination of dietary residue 
A)  Changes in dietary habits 
B)  Impaired digestion 
C)  Loss of absorptive tissue 
D)  Elimination of dietary residue

Question 6

Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin K 
B)  Vitamin D 
C)  Vitamin B6 
D)  Niacin 
A)  Vitamin K 
B)  Vitamin D 
C)  Vitamin B6 
D)  Niacin

Question 7

Which is the process by which minerals are absorbed when they are bound to an acid, organic acid, or amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cotransportation 
B)  Carrier protein 
C)  Competitive inhibition 
D)  Chelation 
A)  Cotransportation 
B)  Carrier protein 
C)  Competitive inhibition 
D)  Chelation

Question 8

By which transport mechanism are most vitamins absorbed from the small intestine into the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Passive diffusion 
B)  Active diffusion 
C)  Facilitative diffusion 
D)  Passive osmosis 
A)  Passive diffusion 
B)  Active diffusion 
C)  Facilitative diffusion 
D)  Passive osmosis

Question 9

If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be improved?

Accepted Answer

A)  By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet 
B)  By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet 
C)  By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet 
D)  By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol 
A)  By increasing short-chain fatty acids in the diet 
B)  By increasing medium-chain fatty acids in the diet 
C)  By increasing long-chain fatty acids in the diet 
D)  By restricting dietary intake of cholesterol

Question 10

How long does it take for small intestine contents to reach the ileocecal valve?

Accepted Answer

A)  18 to 72 hours 
B)  3 to 8 hours 
C)  1 to 2 hours 
D)  2 to 3 hours 
A)  18 to 72 hours 
B)  3 to 8 hours 
C)  1 to 2 hours 
D)  2 to 3 hours

Question 11

What happens to cellulose and lignin as they go through the GI tract?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are converted into glucose before absorption. 
B)  They are converted into glucose and absorbed by active transport. 
C)  They are excreted in the feces unchanged. 
D)  They are excreted in the feces as glucose. 
A)  They are converted into glucose before absorption. 
B)  They are converted into glucose and absorbed by active transport. 
C)  They are excreted in the feces unchanged. 
D)  They are excreted in the feces as glucose.

Question 12

The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  Motilin 
B)  Hydrochloric acid 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Secretin 
A)  Motilin 
B)  Hydrochloric acid 
C)  Cholecystokinin 
D)  Secretin

Question 13

Which of the following is true of probiotics?

Accepted Answer

A)  Probiotics are live microorganisms found in food. 
B)  Probiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates. 
C)  Probiotics act primarily on bacteria in the proximal small intestine. 
D)  Probiotics cannot be given as supplements because they readily die. 
A)  Probiotics are live microorganisms found in food. 
B)  Probiotics are nondigestible carbohydrates. 
C)  Probiotics act primarily on bacteria in the proximal small intestine. 
D)  Probiotics cannot be given as supplements because they readily die.

Question 14

Which of the following is a list of enzymes released from the pancreas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin, trypsin, and secretin 
B)  Lactase, isomaltase, and dextrinase 
C)  Protease, pepsin, and gastrin 
D)  Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase 
A)  Insulin, trypsin, and secretin 
B)  Lactase, isomaltase, and dextrinase 
C)  Protease, pepsin, and gastrin 
D)  Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase

Question 15

What effect may be achieved by eating a diet high in prebiotic carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased SCFA production in the bowel 
B)  Increased growth of Lactobacillus spp. 
C)  Decreased absorption of bile salts 
D)  Increased absorption of cation minerals 
A)  Decreased SCFA production in the bowel 
B)  Increased growth of Lactobacillus spp. 
C)  Decreased absorption of bile salts 
D)  Increased absorption of cation minerals

Question 16

How often do the cells lining the intestinal tract recycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  Every 2 to 3 days 
B)  Every 3 to 5 days 
C)  Every 5 to 7 days 
D)  Every 10 to 14 days 
A)  Every 2 to 3 days 
B)  Every 3 to 5 days 
C)  Every 5 to 7 days 
D)  Every 10 to 14 days

Question 17

SGLT-1 is key to the small intestine's ability to absorb water because

Accepted Answer

A)  it is an active transporter of sodium and glucose. 
B)  it blocks the transport of sodium. 
C)  it stimulates the body's thirst mechanism. 
D)  it changes the pH of the small intestine. 
A)  it is an active transporter of sodium and glucose. 
B)  it blocks the transport of sodium. 
C)  it stimulates the body's thirst mechanism. 
D)  it changes the pH of the small intestine.

Question 18

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with

Accepted Answer

A)  enterokinase. 
B)  trypsinogen. 
C)  hydrochloric acid. 
D)  peptidases. 
A)  enterokinase. 
B)  trypsinogen. 
C)  hydrochloric acid. 
D)  peptidases.

Exam 1: Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

What are primarily absorbed by the large intestine?

What is the function of secretin?

Absorption occurs in the stomach for which of the following nutrients?

In what form is dietary fat absorbed from the lumen of the intestine?

After surgical removal of a large portion of the small intestine, what functional complication is most likely to develop?

Which of the following is formed by bacterial synthesis in the colon?

Which is the process by which minerals are absorbed when they are bound to an acid, organic acid, or amino acid?

By which transport mechanism are most vitamins absorbed from the small intestine into the blood?

If a patient experiences malabsorption of fat resulting from an impaired ability to produce adequate bile salts for micelle formation, how may fat absorption be improved?

How long does it take for small intestine contents to reach the ileocecal valve?

What happens to cellulose and lignin as they go through the GI tract?

The sight or smell of food produces vagal stimulation of the parietal cells of the gastric mucosa, resulting in the increased production of what?

Which of the following is true of probiotics?

Which of the following is a list of enzymes released from the pancreas?

What effect may be achieved by eating a diet high in prebiotic carbohydrates?

How often do the cells lining the intestinal tract recycle?

SGLT-1 is key to the small intestine's ability to absorb water because

Pepsinogen is converted to pepsin when it comes in contact with

Intake: Energy

Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Clinical: Nutritional Genomics

Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: the Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Diet Guidelines, Nutrient Standards, and Cultural Competence

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary Supplementation

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support

Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change

Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation

Nutrition in Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Nutrition in Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hiv and Aids

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Mnt in Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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