Question 1

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hispanic ethnicity 
B)  European or Asian ethnicity 
C)  Cigarette smoking 
D)  Female athlete triad 
A)  Hispanic ethnicity 
B)  European or Asian ethnicity 
C)  Cigarette smoking 
D)  Female athlete triad A

Question 2

What is the most beneficial type of exercise to include in an exercise program for a patient at risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Swimming 
B)  Weight bearing 
C)  Nonweight bearing 
D)  Isometric 
A)  Swimming 
B)  Weight bearing 
C)  Nonweight bearing 
D)  Isometric B

Question 3

Which of the following statements about exercise and bone is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Regular weight-bearing exercise has little influence on BMD. 
B)  Upper body strength activities may improve overall BMD. 
C)  Walking several miles each day has a large impact on hip BMD. 
D)  Swimming regularly has a large impact on vertebral BMD. 
A)  Regular weight-bearing exercise has little influence on BMD. 
B)  Upper body strength activities may improve overall BMD. 
C)  Walking several miles each day has a large impact on hip BMD. 
D)  Swimming regularly has a large impact on vertebral BMD. B

Question 4

Which of the following is a characteristic of type II, or age-related, osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Occurs after 50 years of age 
B)  Loss of height occurs 
C)  Only affects trabecular bone 
D)  Rarely occurs in males 
A)  Occurs after 50 years of age 
B)  Loss of height occurs 
C)  Only affects trabecular bone 
D)  Rarely occurs in males

Question 5

The WHO's definition of osteoporosis is a BMD greater than _____ standard deviations below the mean for healthy 20- to 29-year-old adults.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  1.5 
C)  2 
D)  2.5 
A)  1 
B)  1.5 
C)  2 
D)  2.5

Question 6

When is the peak bone mass of a female typically achieved?

Accepted Answer

A)  By the end of adolescence 
B)  By approximately 30 years of age 
C)  Within the decade preceding menopause 
D)  After the onset of menopause 
A)  By the end of adolescence 
B)  By approximately 30 years of age 
C)  Within the decade preceding menopause 
D)  After the onset of menopause

Question 7

Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis by

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulating estrogen production. 
B)  increasing calcium absorption. 
C)  inhibiting osteoclasts. 
D)  inhibiting phosphorus absorption. 
A)  stimulating estrogen production. 
B)  increasing calcium absorption. 
C)  inhibiting osteoclasts. 
D)  inhibiting phosphorus absorption.

Question 8

Which of the following dietary variables is NOT related to low bone mass?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inadequate calcium 
B)  Excessive phosphorus 
C)  Inadequate vitamin D 
D)  Excessive potassium 
A)  Inadequate calcium 
B)  Excessive phosphorus 
C)  Inadequate vitamin D 
D)  Excessive potassium

Question 9

Which of the following bone measurements is more appropriate for individuals from late adolescence to the elderly years?

Accepted Answer

A)  BMC 
B)  BMD 
C)  PBM 
D)  Alkaline phosphatase 
A)  BMC 
B)  BMD 
C)  PBM 
D)  Alkaline phosphatase

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormone-related (type I) osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Rapid rate of bone loss and therefore of BMD 
B)  Cessation of ovarian estrogen production 
C)  Decrease in dietary calcium intake 
D)  Increased risk of fracture of wrist and vertebrae 
A)  Rapid rate of bone loss and therefore of BMD 
B)  Cessation of ovarian estrogen production 
C)  Decrease in dietary calcium intake 
D)  Increased risk of fracture of wrist and vertebrae

Question 11

Which of the following is associated with the bone tissue at the end of the long bones?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trabecular bone 
B)  Cortical bone 
C)  Haversian systems 
D)  Osteons 
A)  Trabecular bone 
B)  Cortical bone 
C)  Haversian systems 
D)  Osteons

Question 12

Which of the following changes related to nutrition and bone metabolism does NOT occur in elderly subjects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Decreased intake of protein 
B)  Reduction of skin biosynthesis of vitamin D 
C)  Increased renal excretion of calcium 
D)  Decline in osteoblast function 
A)  Decreased intake of protein 
B)  Reduction of skin biosynthesis of vitamin D 
C)  Increased renal excretion of calcium 
D)  Decline in osteoblast function

Question 13

Which of the following is necessary for the maturation of osteocalcin?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin K 
B)  Vitamin D 
C)  Vitamin E 
D)  Vitamin A 
A)  Vitamin K 
B)  Vitamin D 
C)  Vitamin E 
D)  Vitamin A

Question 14

Which of the following are bone-forming cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  Osteocytes 
B)  Osteoblasts 
C)  Osteoclasts 
D)  Osteocalcins 
A)  Osteocytes 
B)  Osteoblasts 
C)  Osteoclasts 
D)  Osteocalcins

Question 15

A chronic elevation of which circulating hormone typically leads to an increase in bone resorption and bone loss?

Accepted Answer

A)  Thyroid hormone 
B)  Parathyroid hormone 
C)  Corticosteroid hormone 
D)  Glucagon 
A)  Thyroid hormone 
B)  Parathyroid hormone 
C)  Corticosteroid hormone 
D)  Glucagon

Question 16

What does uncoupling of bone remodeling mean?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bone formation precedes bone resorption. 
B)  Bone formation both exceeds and precedes bone resorption. 
C)  Bone resorption precedes bone formation. 
D)  Bone resorption both precedes and exceeds bone formation. 
A)  Bone formation precedes bone resorption. 
B)  Bone formation both exceeds and precedes bone resorption. 
C)  Bone resorption precedes bone formation. 
D)  Bone resorption both precedes and exceeds bone formation.

Question 17

Bone tissue consists of the mineral phase and the organic _____ phase.

Accepted Answer

A)  collagen 
B)  cartilage 
C)  matrix 
D)  osteocalcin 
A)  collagen 
B)  cartilage 
C)  matrix 
D)  osteocalcin

Question 18

Which of the following female patients is at risk for osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  An African American woman who was normal age at menopause and has a large frame and poor intake of calcium. 
B)  A White woman who is overweight, had multiple pregnancies and late menopause, and consumes alcohol. 
C)  A White woman who is underweight, had premature menopause, does not exercise, and smokes cigarettes. 
D)  An Asian woman who is premenopausal and has a large frame, a high calcium intake, and a sedentary lifestyle. 
A)  An African American woman who was normal age at menopause and has a large frame and poor intake of calcium. 
B)  A White woman who is overweight, had multiple pregnancies and late menopause, and consumes alcohol. 
C)  A White woman who is underweight, had premature menopause, does not exercise, and smokes cigarettes. 
D)  An Asian woman who is premenopausal and has a large frame, a high calcium intake, and a sedentary lifestyle.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with excessive calcium supplementation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Constipation 
B)  Iron deficiency 
C)  Urinary tract stones 
D)  High blood pressure 
A)  Constipation 
B)  Iron deficiency 
C)  Urinary tract stones 
D)  High blood pressure

Exam 24: Nutrition and Bone Health

Which of these is NOT a risk factor for developing osteoporosis?

What is the most beneficial type of exercise to include in an exercise program for a patient at risk for osteoporosis?

Which of the following statements about exercise and bone is TRUE?

Which of the following is a characteristic of type II, or age-related, osteoporosis?

The WHO's definition of osteoporosis is a BMD greater than _____ standard deviations below the mean for healthy 20- to 29-year-old adults.

When is the peak bone mass of a female typically achieved?

Bisphosphonates treat osteoporosis by

Which of the following dietary variables is NOT related to low bone mass?

Which of the following bone measurements is more appropriate for individuals from late adolescence to the elderly years?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hormone-related (type I) osteoporosis?

Which of the following is associated with the bone tissue at the end of the long bones?

Which of the following changes related to nutrition and bone metabolism does NOT occur in elderly subjects?

Which of the following is necessary for the maturation of osteocalcin?

Which of the following are bone-forming cells?

A chronic elevation of which circulating hormone typically leads to an increase in bone resorption and bone loss?

What does uncoupling of bone remodeling mean?

Bone tissue consists of the mineral phase and the organic _____ phase.

Which of the following female patients is at risk for osteoporosis?

Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with excessive calcium supplementation?

Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Intake: Energy

Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Clinical: Nutritional Genomics

Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: the Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Diet Guidelines, Nutrient Standards, and Cultural Competence

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary Supplementation

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support

Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change

Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation

Nutrition in Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Nutrition in Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hiv and Aids

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Mnt in Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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