Question 1

What is the primary adverse effect of some kinds of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Drug interactions 
B)  Increase in side effects and disease progression 
C)  Decreased adherence 
D)  Micronutrient malabsorption 
A)  Drug interactions 
B)  Increase in side effects and disease progression 
C)  Decreased adherence 
D)  Micronutrient malabsorption A

Question 2

What period of disease progression does acute HIV infection make up?

Accepted Answer

A)  The period from transmission to up to 10 years after infection 
B)  The period from transmission of HIV to the production of detectable antibodies 
C)  The period between normal and less than 500 CD4+ cells/mm3 
D)  The period when CD4 decrease falls to even lower levels and the infection becomes symptomatic and progresses to AIDS 
A)  The period from transmission to up to 10 years after infection 
B)  The period from transmission of HIV to the production of detectable antibodies 
C)  The period between normal and less than 500 CD4+ cells/mm3 
D)  The period when CD4 decrease falls to even lower levels and the infection becomes symptomatic and progresses to AIDS B

Question 3

Hepatitis C virus coinfection with HIV is highly correlated with

Accepted Answer

A)  men who have sex with men. 
B)  injection drug use. 
C)  poverty. 
D)  low literacy rates. 
A)  men who have sex with men. 
B)  injection drug use. 
C)  poverty. 
D)  low literacy rates. B

Question 4

Low levels of literacy, vision loss, cognitive impairment, homelessness, stigma, and active substance abuse can have significant effects on what aspect of HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Coinfection 
B)  Drug resistance 
C)  Increased nutrition needs 
D)  Increased transmission rates 
A)  Coinfection 
B)  Drug resistance 
C)  Increased nutrition needs 
D)  Increased transmission rates

Question 5

Obesity in people with HIV should be treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  altered antiviral medications. 
B)  decreased protein intake. 
C)  supplementation and complementary medicine. 
D)  physical activity, aerobic exercise, and regular medical nutrition therapy. 
A)  altered antiviral medications. 
B)  decreased protein intake. 
C)  supplementation and complementary medicine. 
D)  physical activity, aerobic exercise, and regular medical nutrition therapy.

Question 6

What condition can be a result of malabsorption, altered metabolism, gut infection, and altered gut barrier function?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oversupplementation 
B)  Opportunistic infections 
C)  Micronutrient deficiencies 
D)  Low protein intake 
A)  Oversupplementation 
B)  Opportunistic infections 
C)  Micronutrient deficiencies 
D)  Low protein intake

Question 7

Which cells become infected by the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS?

Accepted Answer

A)  All lymphocytes 
B)  All immature lymphocytes 
C)  CD4+ or mature T-helper lymphocytes 
D)  T8 lymphocytes 
A)  All lymphocytes 
B)  All immature lymphocytes 
C)  CD4+ or mature T-helper lymphocytes 
D)  T8 lymphocytes

Question 8

It is important to talk with patients about body shape and fat redistribution to combat what aspect of HIV disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  Food-medication interaction 
B)  Opportunistic infections 
C)  Peripheral neuropathy 
D)  HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS) 
A)  Food-medication interaction 
B)  Opportunistic infections 
C)  Peripheral neuropathy 
D)  HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HALS)

Question 9

Protein intake for individuals with HIV is recommended to be

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased. 
B)  maintained to current dietary reference intake (DRI) for healthy individuals. 
C)  increased to double the DRI for energy needs. 
D)  adjusted according to CD4+ levels. 
A)  decreased. 
B)  maintained to current dietary reference intake (DRI) for healthy individuals. 
C)  increased to double the DRI for energy needs. 
D)  adjusted according to CD4+ levels.

Question 10

Which area of the world has the highest prevalence of HIV infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  North America 
B)  Latin America 
C)  South and Southeast Asia 
D)  Sub-Saharan Africa 
A)  North America 
B)  Latin America 
C)  South and Southeast Asia 
D)  Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 11

For HIV-infected individuals with high triglyceride levels, what kind of supplementation might be helpful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Vitamin A 
B)  Fish oil 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Garlic 
A)  Vitamin A 
B)  Fish oil 
C)  Magnesium 
D)  Garlic

Question 12

What opportunistic infection manifests as purple nodules or lesions on the skin and mucous membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Candidiasis 
B)  Herpes zoster 
C)  Kaposi sarcoma 
D)  Pneumococcal sinusitis 
A)  Candidiasis 
B)  Herpes zoster 
C)  Kaposi sarcoma 
D)  Pneumococcal sinusitis

Question 13

Opportunistic infections seen in patients with AIDS may increase the presence of malnutrition because of

Accepted Answer

A)  further compromise of the immune system. 
B)  a reduction in available iron for the WBCs. 
C)  a reduction in RBCs, causing inadequate oxygenation of the tissues. 
D)  a decreased oncotic pressure in the intravascular space. 
A)  further compromise of the immune system. 
B)  a reduction in available iron for the WBCs. 
C)  a reduction in RBCs, causing inadequate oxygenation of the tissues. 
D)  a decreased oncotic pressure in the intravascular space.

Question 14

Individuals are more susceptible to developing signs and symptoms of HIV infection when the CD4+ cell count falls below

Accepted Answer

A)  200 cells/mm3. 
B)  500 cells/mm3. 
C)  1000 cells/mm3. 
D)  CD4+ cell concentrations do not relate to signs and symptoms of HIV. 
A)  200 cells/mm3. 
B)  500 cells/mm3. 
C)  1000 cells/mm3. 
D)  CD4+ cell concentrations do not relate to signs and symptoms of HIV.

Question 15

Which herbal supplement is contraindicated when used with antiretroviral medication such as indinavir?

Accepted Answer

A)  Echinacea 
B)  Cat's claw 
C)  Milk thistle 
D)  St. John's wort 
A)  Echinacea 
B)  Cat's claw 
C)  Milk thistle 
D)  St. John's wort

Question 16

Hepatoxicity in association with treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors is associated with what opportunistic infection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mycobacterium avium 
B)  Cryptosporidiosis 
C)  Hepatitis C virus 
D)  Dysesthesia 
A)  Mycobacterium avium 
B)  Cryptosporidiosis 
C)  Hepatitis C virus 
D)  Dysesthesia

Question 17

Retrovir and AZT are what type of antiretroviral medications?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fusion inhibitors 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Nonnucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
D)  Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
A)  Fusion inhibitors 
B)  Protease inhibitors 
C)  Nonnucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors 
D)  Nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 18

What should a pregnant woman who is HIV positive be advised in regard to feeding her baby?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breastfeed her baby. 
B)  Do not breastfeed her baby. 
C)  Breastfeed her baby only if she is asymptomatic. 
D)  Breastfeed her baby only if her disease is in its early stage. 
A)  Breastfeed her baby. 
B)  Do not breastfeed her baby. 
C)  Breastfeed her baby only if she is asymptomatic. 
D)  Breastfeed her baby only if her disease is in its early stage.

Question 19

The most widely studied combination regimen for treatment naïve patients includes

Accepted Answer

A)  two NRTIs plus either one NNRTI or a PI. 
B)  an INSTI with two NRTIs. 
C)  a PI and a fusion inhibitor. 
D)  two NNRTIs with a NRTI and PI (with or without ritonavir boosting). 
A)  two NRTIs plus either one NNRTI or a PI. 
B)  an INSTI with two NRTIs. 
C)  a PI and a fusion inhibitor. 
D)  two NNRTIs with a NRTI and PI (with or without ritonavir boosting).

Question 20

What is the most valuable indicator of nutritional status in HIV-infected children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Energy levels 
B)  Viral load 
C)  CD4 levels 
D)  Growth 
A)  Energy levels 
B)  Viral load 
C)  CD4 levels 
D)  Growth

Exam 37: Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hiv and Aids

What is the primary adverse effect of some kinds of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)?

What period of disease progression does acute HIV infection make up?

Hepatitis C virus coinfection with HIV is highly correlated with

Low levels of literacy, vision loss, cognitive impairment, homelessness, stigma, and active substance abuse can have significant effects on what aspect of HIV disease?

Obesity in people with HIV should be treated with

What condition can be a result of malabsorption, altered metabolism, gut infection, and altered gut barrier function?

Which cells become infected by the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS?

It is important to talk with patients about body shape and fat redistribution to combat what aspect of HIV disease?

Protein intake for individuals with HIV is recommended to be

Which area of the world has the highest prevalence of HIV infection?

For HIV-infected individuals with high triglyceride levels, what kind of supplementation might be helpful?

What opportunistic infection manifests as purple nodules or lesions on the skin and mucous membranes?

Opportunistic infections seen in patients with AIDS may increase the presence of malnutrition because of

Individuals are more susceptible to developing signs and symptoms of HIV infection when the CD4+ cell count falls below

Which herbal supplement is contraindicated when used with antiretroviral medication such as indinavir?

Hepatoxicity in association with treatment with nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors is associated with what opportunistic infection?

Retrovir and AZT are what type of antiretroviral medications?

What should a pregnant woman who is HIV positive be advised in regard to feeding her baby?

The most widely studied combination regimen for treatment naïve patients includes

What is the most valuable indicator of nutritional status in HIV-infected children?

Intake: Digestion, Absorption, Transport, and Excretion of Nutrients

Intake: Energy

Inflammation and the Pathophysiology of Chronic Disease

Intake: Analysis of the Diet

Clinical: Nutritional Genomics

Clinical: Water, Electrolytes, and Acid-Base Balance

Clinical: Biochemical, Physical, and Functional Assessment

Clinical: Food-Drug Interactions

Behavioral-Environmental: the Individual in the Community

Overview of Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Diet Guidelines, Nutrient Standards, and Cultural Competence

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Complementary and Integrative Medicine and Dietary Supplementation

Food and Nutrient Delivery: Nutrition Support

Education and Counseling: Behavioral Change

Nutrition for Reproductive Health and Lactation

Nutrition in Infancy

Nutrition in Childhood

Nutrition in Adolescence

Nutrition in the Adult Years

Nutrition in Aging

Nutrition in Weight Management

Nutrition in Eating Disorders

Nutrition in Exercise and Sports Performance

Nutrition and Bone Health

Nutrition for Oral and Dental Health

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Adverse Reactions to Food: Allergies and Intolerances

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia of Nondiabetic Origin

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Thyroid, Adrenal, and Other Endocrine Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Anemia

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Pulmonary Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Renal Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Cancer Prevention, Treatment, and Survivorship

Medical Nutrition Therapy in Critical Care

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Rheumatic Disease

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Neurologic Disorders

Mnt in Psychiatric and Cognitive Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Low-Birth-Weight Infants

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Genetic Metabolic Disorders

Medical Nutrition Therapy for Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

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