Question 1

If a strain of bacteria had a mutation that blocked expression of the lac repressor,what would you expect as a result?

Accepted Answer

A) The mutant strain would outcompete wildype strains,since it could always utilize lactose. 
B) The mutant strain would grow at the same rate as wildtype if lactose was not present. 
C) The mutant strain would waste energy producing enzymes in the absence of lactose. 
D) The mutant strain would act the same,because it would still require lac activator protein to turn on. 
A) The mutant strain would outcompete wildype strains,since it could always utilize lactose. 
B) The mutant strain would grow at the same rate as wildtype if lactose was not present. 
C) The mutant strain would waste energy producing enzymes in the absence of lactose. 
D) The mutant strain would act the same,because it would still require lac activator protein to turn on.

Question 2

The hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to

Accepted Answer

A) grow and divide rapidly. 
B) adjust quickly to outside environment. 
C) maintain homeostasis. 
D) quickly synthesize amount and type of enzymes according to available nutrients. 
E) respond by gene action to oxygen availability. 
A) grow and divide rapidly. 
B) adjust quickly to outside environment. 
C) maintain homeostasis. 
D) quickly synthesize amount and type of enzymes according to available nutrients. 
E) respond by gene action to oxygen availability.

Question 3

Control of gene expression (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) allows bacteria to adapt to changing environments. 
B) is critical for development in multicellular organisms. 
C) allows bacteria to replicate without control. 
D) allows multicellular organisms to maintain homeostasis. 
E) it stops multicellular organisms functioning as a whole. 
A) allows bacteria to adapt to changing environments. 
B) is critical for development in multicellular organisms. 
C) allows bacteria to replicate without control. 
D) allows multicellular organisms to maintain homeostasis. 
E) it stops multicellular organisms functioning as a whole.

Question 4

Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA sequences within the DNA. 
B) tRNA sequences within the DNA. 
C) operator sequences within the DNA. 
D) promoter sequences within the DNA. 
E) enhancer sequences within the DNA. 
A) mRNA sequences within the DNA. 
B) tRNA sequences within the DNA. 
C) operator sequences within the DNA. 
D) promoter sequences within the DNA. 
E) enhancer sequences within the DNA.

Question 5

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) is used to regulate expression of a number of cell surface receptors. 
B) requires only one molecule of ATP to target a protein. 
C) targets proteins in a stepwise fashion via ubiquitin ligase adding ubiquitin residues to the protein. 
D) is used to digest macromolecules. 
E) does not destroy the ubiquitin moiety,but rather cleaves it off for reuse. 
A) is used to regulate expression of a number of cell surface receptors. 
B) requires only one molecule of ATP to target a protein. 
C) targets proteins in a stepwise fashion via ubiquitin ligase adding ubiquitin residues to the protein. 
D) is used to digest macromolecules. 
E) does not destroy the ubiquitin moiety,but rather cleaves it off for reuse.

Question 6

You work for a pharmaceutical company that designs small RNAs,used to control expression of disease genes.The primary focus area of your research should be

Accepted Answer

A) transcriptional repression. 
B) transcriptional activation. 
C) translational repression. 
D) translational activation. 
A) transcriptional repression. 
B) transcriptional activation. 
C) translational repression. 
D) translational activation.

Question 7

The DNA-binding proteins of almost all regulatory proteins use one of a small set of shapes that enable them to fit into the DNA major groove.These shapes are called

Accepted Answer

A) structural motifs. 
B) DNA prints. 
C) fingerprints. 
D) repressors. 
E) transcriptional domains. 
A) structural motifs. 
B) DNA prints. 
C) fingerprints. 
D) repressors. 
E) transcriptional domains.

Question 8

The main form of glucose repression in the lac operon is

Accepted Answer

A) induction. 
B) repression. 
C) inducer exclusion. 
D) the CAP/cAMP system. 
A) induction. 
B) repression. 
C) inducer exclusion. 
D) the CAP/cAMP system.

Question 9

The gene encoding apolipoprotein B exists in two isoforms,APOB100 and APOB48.These two forms are produced as a result of

Accepted Answer

A) tissue-specific expression. 
B) a gene mutation that results in a stop codon. 
C) RNA editing. 
D) alternative splicing. 
A) tissue-specific expression. 
B) a gene mutation that results in a stop codon. 
C) RNA editing. 
D) alternative splicing.

Question 10

Production of the iron-storing protein ferritin is regulated by aconitase,which binds to a 30-nucleotide sequence at the beginning of the ferritin mRNA and interferes with ribosome binding.Aconitase must be a

Accepted Answer

A) transcription repressor protein. 
B) translation repressor protein. 
C) RNA interference protein. 
D) translation initiation protein. 
A) transcription repressor protein. 
B) translation repressor protein. 
C) RNA interference protein. 
D) translation initiation protein.

Question 11

The eukaryotic transcription initiation complex is (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) transcription of virtually all genes transcribed by RNA pol II requiring the same suite of general factors. 
B) responsible for highly regulated transcription levels. 
C) only associated with RNA polymerase I. 
D) interactive with activators through DNA looping. 
E) a basal factor associated with RNA pol II after positioning RNA pol II at the start site. 
A) transcription of virtually all genes transcribed by RNA pol II requiring the same suite of general factors. 
B) responsible for highly regulated transcription levels. 
C) only associated with RNA polymerase I. 
D) interactive with activators through DNA looping. 
E) a basal factor associated with RNA pol II after positioning RNA pol II at the start site.

Question 12

A bacterial gene regulatory system is likely to have (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) a coding sequence. 
B) an operator. 
C) one or more introns. 
D) a motor. 
E) a ribosome recognition site. 
A) a coding sequence. 
B) an operator. 
C) one or more introns. 
D) a motor. 
E) a ribosome recognition site.

Question 13

The lactose analog isopropyl-beta-D-thio-galactoside (IPTG)is often used to regulate gene expression systems in bacteria.IPTG does not act as a substrate for beta-galactosidase,but can bind to,and inactivate,the repressor.In this case,IPTG serves as a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) inducer. 
B) repressor. 
C) DNA-binding protein. 
D) operon. 
A) inducer. 
B) repressor. 
C) DNA-binding protein. 
D) operon.

Question 14

If you were able to look very closely at a portion of DNA and find methylated histones,you would

Accepted Answer

A) be mistaken since only DNA can be methylated,not histones. 
B) be looking at a region of active chromatin. 
C) be looking at a region of inactive chromatin. 
D) be looking at a chromatin remodeling complex. 
A) be mistaken since only DNA can be methylated,not histones. 
B) be looking at a region of active chromatin. 
C) be looking at a region of inactive chromatin. 
D) be looking at a chromatin remodeling complex.

Question 15

Small RNAs can regulate gene expression.One type,called micro RNA (miRNA),acts by binding directly to

Accepted Answer

A) mRNA to prevent translation. 
B) tRNA to prevent transcription. 
C) mRNA to prevent transcription. 
D) tRNA to prevent translation. 
A) mRNA to prevent translation. 
B) tRNA to prevent transcription. 
C) mRNA to prevent transcription. 
D) tRNA to prevent translation.

Question 16

You are studying the function of a recently identified gene in C.elegans.You perform genetic screens for several months in an attempt to isolate loss-of-function gene mutations,but your efforts are unsuccessful.Your advisor suggests you try another approach to eliminate gene function.The best technique to accomplish this goal would be

Accepted Answer

A) to design a repressor to bind to the operon of this gene. 
B) use a histone deacetylase to induce a transcriptionally inactive state. 
C) use a C.elegans strain with a homozygous TFIID mutation to prevent the translation initiation complex from forming. 
D) use RNA interference to prevent mRNA translation. 
A) to design a repressor to bind to the operon of this gene. 
B) use a histone deacetylase to induce a transcriptionally inactive state. 
C) use a C.elegans strain with a homozygous TFIID mutation to prevent the translation initiation complex from forming. 
D) use RNA interference to prevent mRNA translation.

Question 17

In order for transcription to be initiated

Accepted Answer

A) DNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
B) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
C) DNA polymerase must have access to the RNA and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
D) RNA ligase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
E) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's operator. 
A) DNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
B) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
C) DNA polymerase must have access to the RNA and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
D) RNA ligase must have access to the DNA double helix and must also be capable of binding to the gene's promoter. 
E) RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA double helix and also must be capable of binding to the gene's operator.

Question 18

Control of the lac operon and lactose utilization in bacteria is (check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) not induced in the presence of both glucose and lactose. 
B) only induced when there is glucose but not lactose. 
C) is a negative control,mediated by a repressor. 
D) controlled by the expression of three downstream genes. 
E) preferentially utilizing lactose as a carbon source. 
A) not induced in the presence of both glucose and lactose. 
B) only induced when there is glucose but not lactose. 
C) is a negative control,mediated by a repressor. 
D) controlled by the expression of three downstream genes. 
E) preferentially utilizing lactose as a carbon source.

Question 19

In eukaryotes,specific transcription factors have two distinct domains:

Accepted Answer

A) a DNA-binding domain and a RNA-binding domain. 
B) a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. 
C) a DNA-binding domain and a repressor domain. 
D) a DNA-binding domain and an enhancer domain. 
E) a DNA-binding domain and an operator domain. 
A) a DNA-binding domain and a RNA-binding domain. 
B) a DNA-binding domain and an activation domain. 
C) a DNA-binding domain and a repressor domain. 
D) a DNA-binding domain and an enhancer domain. 
E) a DNA-binding domain and an operator domain.

Question 20

A site of negative genetic regulation where binding by repressor blocks transcription is the

Accepted Answer

A) operon. 
B) repressor. 
C) promoter. 
D) operator. 
E) CAP. 
A) operon. 
B) repressor. 
C) promoter. 
D) operator. 
E) CAP.

Exam 16: Control of Gene Expression

If a strain of bacteria had a mutation that blocked expression of the lac repressor,what would you expect as a result?

The hallmark of multicellular organisms is their ability to

Control of gene expression (check all that apply)

Transcriptional control-proteins increase the rate of transcription by binding to

The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway (check all that apply)

You work for a pharmaceutical company that designs small RNAs,used to control expression of disease genes.The primary focus area of your research should be

The DNA-binding proteins of almost all regulatory proteins use one of a small set of shapes that enable them to fit into the DNA major groove.These shapes are called

The main form of glucose repression in the lac operon is

The gene encoding apolipoprotein B exists in two isoforms,APOB100 and APOB48.These two forms are produced as a result of

Production of the iron-storing protein ferritin is regulated by aconitase,which binds to a 30-nucleotide sequence at the beginning of the ferritin mRNA and interferes with ribosome binding.Aconitase must be a

The eukaryotic transcription initiation complex is (check all that apply)

A bacterial gene regulatory system is likely to have (check all that apply)

The lactose analog isopropyl-beta-D-thio-galactoside (IPTG)is often used to regulate gene expression systems in bacteria.IPTG does not act as a substrate for beta-galactosidase,but can bind to,and inactivate,the repressor.In this case,IPTG serves as a(n)

If you were able to look very closely at a portion of DNA and find methylated histones,you would

Small RNAs can regulate gene expression.One type,called micro RNA (miRNA),acts by binding directly to

In order for transcription to be initiated

Control of the lac operon and lactose utilization in bacteria is (check all that apply)

In eukaryotes,specific transcription factors have two distinct domains:

A site of negative genetic regulation where binding by repressor blocks transcription is the

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