Question 1

The frequency of a particular allele within a population can be changed,over time,by

Accepted Answer

A) genetic outflow. 
B) large population size. 
C) selection. 
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
E) random mating. 
A) genetic outflow. 
B) large population size. 
C) selection. 
D) inheritance of acquired characteristics. 
E) random mating.

Question 2

The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) creation of new species. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) outcrossing. 
E) increasing evolutionary resistance. 
A) natural selection. 
B) creation of new species. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) outcrossing. 
E) increasing evolutionary resistance.

Question 3

The observation that most pureblood Native Americans have type O blood is best explained by ________

Accepted Answer

A) a founder effect. 
B) gene flow. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) assortative mating. 
E) frequent mutations. 
A) a founder effect. 
B) gene flow. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) assortative mating. 
E) frequent mutations.

Question 4

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p and q are ________.

Accepted Answer

A) allele frequencies 
B) genotypes 
C) phenotypes 
D) measures of fitness 
E) mutation rates 
A) allele frequencies 
B) genotypes 
C) phenotypes 
D) measures of fitness 
E) mutation rates

Question 5

Two parents who do not have sickle cell anemia have a child that has the disease.The parents are both:

Accepted Answer

A) homozygous for the sickle cell allele. 
B) heterozygous for the sickle cell allele. 
C) homozygous for the normal allele. 
D) epistatic for the sickle cell allele. 
E) pleiotropic for the sickle cell allele. 
A) homozygous for the sickle cell allele. 
B) heterozygous for the sickle cell allele. 
C) homozygous for the normal allele. 
D) epistatic for the sickle cell allele. 
E) pleiotropic for the sickle cell allele.

Question 6

Pea fowl (peacocks and peahens)show sexual dimorphism -- males have long blue-green tail feathers with eyespots,while females have short brown tail feathers.Which statement best describes the graphed data about peacocks?

Accepted Answer

A) There are no peacocks with less than 140 eyespots. 
B) The fewer eyespots that a peacock has in his tail,the more mates he attracts. 
C) Actually eyespots have very little to do with mate-attracting activities. 
D) The more eyespots that a peacock has in his tail,the more mates he attracts. 
E) There are no peacocks with more than 165 eyespots. 
A) There are no peacocks with less than 140 eyespots. 
B) The fewer eyespots that a peacock has in his tail,the more mates he attracts. 
C) Actually eyespots have very little to do with mate-attracting activities. 
D) The more eyespots that a peacock has in his tail,the more mates he attracts. 
E) There are no peacocks with more than 165 eyespots.

Question 7

________ could not be involved in gene flow.

Accepted Answer

A) Wind-blown pollen 
B) Gametes dispersed by ocean currents 
C) Zygotes dispersed by ocean currents 
D) Disassortative mating within a population 
E) Hybridization between neighboring populations 
A) Wind-blown pollen 
B) Gametes dispersed by ocean currents 
C) Zygotes dispersed by ocean currents 
D) Disassortative mating within a population 
E) Hybridization between neighboring populations

Question 8

Large ears is a rare trait in a mainland population of mice.A few female mice homozygous for very large ears arrive at an island that already contains mice after sneaking onto a boat.This will lead to a population with a higher incidence of big ears than the mainland population because of ________

Accepted Answer

A) a bottleneck effect. 
B) gene flow. 
C) increased mutation. 
D) genetic drift. 
E) natural selection. 
A) a bottleneck effect. 
B) gene flow. 
C) increased mutation. 
D) genetic drift. 
E) natural selection.

Question 9

Genotypes are said to be in ________ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.

Accepted Answer

A) steady state 
B) homeostatic 
C) Hardy-Weinberg 
D) Mendelian 
A) steady state 
B) homeostatic 
C) Hardy-Weinberg 
D) Mendelian

Question 10

In a forest,trees that get more sunlight grow taller than other nearby trees.This is a form of ________

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection. 
B) stabilizing selection. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) directional selection. 
E) artificial selection. 
A) natural selection. 
B) stabilizing selection. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) directional selection. 
E) artificial selection.

Question 11

Platys and swordtails are related tropical freshwater fish.In studies,researchers have shown that female platys prefer males with swordtails,even though males of their own species do not have them.This was discovered by attaching artificial swordtails to platys males.What does this suggest about the origin of the swordtail feature?

Accepted Answer

A) Female preference for swords may have predated the origin of the feature itself. 
B) Evolution of swords later led to evolution of female preference for swords. 
C) The same gene that causes sword development also causes development of neural circuits for female preference. 
D) Adjacent genes on the same chromosome cause sword development and development of neural circuits for female preference. 
A) Female preference for swords may have predated the origin of the feature itself. 
B) Evolution of swords later led to evolution of female preference for swords. 
C) The same gene that causes sword development also causes development of neural circuits for female preference. 
D) Adjacent genes on the same chromosome cause sword development and development of neural circuits for female preference.

Question 12

A study finds a positive correlation between the number of spots on the tail of male peacocks and their mating success.What would be the best followup experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Count the number of spots on female tails and measure mating success. 
B) Remove spots or add artificial spots to male tails and determine female responses. 
C) Measure the sperm count of males and compare to spot count. 
D) Inject testosterone and observe changes in spot count. 
A) Count the number of spots on female tails and measure mating success. 
B) Remove spots or add artificial spots to male tails and determine female responses. 
C) Measure the sperm count of males and compare to spot count. 
D) Inject testosterone and observe changes in spot count.

Question 13

Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs in an environment by

Accepted Answer

A) favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive and reproduce. 
B) producing a constant number of offspring while in that environment. 
C) surviving for a fixed amount of time. 
D) resisting the environment and keeping the environment from changing. 
E) favoring those individuals with the most favorable acquired characteristics. 
A) favoring heritable features that make the organism better suited to survive and reproduce. 
B) producing a constant number of offspring while in that environment. 
C) surviving for a fixed amount of time. 
D) resisting the environment and keeping the environment from changing. 
E) favoring those individuals with the most favorable acquired characteristics.

Question 14

In disruptive selection,over time

Accepted Answer

A) a population goes extinct. 
B) the most extreme outliers of a population are eliminated (e.g.,the largest beaks and smallest beaks are eliminated). 
C) the population is strongly selected for in one direction (e.g.,larger beak size). 
D) the population is strongly selected for in two directions (e.g.,larger beak size and smaller beak size). 
E) a population increases its variation (e.g.,a wide selection of all beak sizes). 
A) a population goes extinct. 
B) the most extreme outliers of a population are eliminated (e.g.,the largest beaks and smallest beaks are eliminated). 
C) the population is strongly selected for in one direction (e.g.,larger beak size). 
D) the population is strongly selected for in two directions (e.g.,larger beak size and smaller beak size). 
E) a population increases its variation (e.g.,a wide selection of all beak sizes).

Question 15

A human autosomal recessive trait appears in 1 in 100 births.What percent of people are homozygous dominant for this trait?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)01 
B) 0)10 
C) 0)18 
D) 0)81 
E) 0)90 
A) 0)01 
B) 0)10 
C) 0)18 
D) 0)81 
E) 0)90

Question 16

Natural selection for a certain phenotype will affect the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) allele frequency of a population 
B) allele frequency of an individual 
C) genotype of an individual 
D) genotype of a population 
A) allele frequency of a population 
B) allele frequency of an individual 
C) genotype of an individual 
D) genotype of a population

Question 17

The recessive phenotype of a trait occurs in 16% of a population.What is the frequency of the dominant allele?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)16 
B) 0)36 
C) 0)40 
D) 0)48 
E) 0)60 
A) 0)16 
B) 0)36 
C) 0)40 
D) 0)48 
E) 0)60

Question 18

In the graph above,which baby characteristics would explain the percent infant mortality curve and any subsequent effects on fitness?

Accepted Answer

A) The baby needs to be large enough to survive after birth,but small enough for a safe delivery. 
B) The larger the baby the better the chance of survival. 
C) The smaller the baby the better the chance of survival. 
D) The baby needs to be small enough to survive after birth,but large enough for a safe delivery. 
E) There is no correlation between birth weight and survival. 
A) The baby needs to be large enough to survive after birth,but small enough for a safe delivery. 
B) The larger the baby the better the chance of survival. 
C) The smaller the baby the better the chance of survival. 
D) The baby needs to be small enough to survive after birth,but large enough for a safe delivery. 
E) There is no correlation between birth weight and survival.

Exam 20: Genes Within Populations

The frequency of a particular allele within a population can be changed,over time,by

The genetic preservation of the features that increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction of some individuals within a population is called the process of

The observation that most pureblood Native Americans have type O blood is best explained by ________

In the Hardy-Weinberg equation,p and q are ________.

Two parents who do not have sickle cell anemia have a child that has the disease.The parents are both:

Pea fowl (peacocks and peahens)show sexual dimorphism -- males have long blue-green tail feathers with eyespots,while females have short brown tail feathers.Which statement best describes the graphed data about peacocks?

________ could not be involved in gene flow.

Large ears is a rare trait in a mainland population of mice.A few female mice homozygous for very large ears arrive at an island that already contains mice after sneaking onto a boat.This will lead to a population with a higher incidence of big ears than the mainland population because of ________

Genotypes are said to be in ________ equilibrium if there is random mating and no other forces tend to alter the proportions of alleles from one generation to the next.

In a forest,trees that get more sunlight grow taller than other nearby trees.This is a form of ________

A study finds a positive correlation between the number of spots on the tail of male peacocks and their mating success.What would be the best followup experiment?

Darwin proposed that natural selection occurs in an environment by

In disruptive selection,over time

A human autosomal recessive trait appears in 1 in 100 births.What percent of people are homozygous dominant for this trait?

Natural selection for a certain phenotype will affect the ________.

The recessive phenotype of a trait occurs in 16% of a population.What is the frequency of the dominant allele?

In the graph above,which baby characteristics would explain the percent infant mortality curve and any subsequent effects on fitness?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

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