Question 1

________ would keep a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Accepted Answer

A) Mutation 
B) Gene flow 
C) Random mating 
D) Genetic drift 
E) Selection 
A) Mutation 
B) Gene flow 
C) Random mating 
D) Genetic drift 
E) Selection

Question 2

Male Mormon crickets choose larger females as their mates.Which of the following statements best interprets the graph?

Accepted Answer

A) Larger females live longer and thus produce more eggs. 
B) Larger females are capable of storing sperm. 
C) Larger females reproduce earlier than smaller females. 
D) Larger females lay more eggs. 
E) Larger females defend themselves better. 
A) Larger females live longer and thus produce more eggs. 
B) Larger females are capable of storing sperm. 
C) Larger females reproduce earlier than smaller females. 
D) Larger females lay more eggs. 
E) Larger females defend themselves better.

Question 3

In a small population of cockroaches living in your kitchen,only a few roaches mate in one year.This can lead to random changes in allele frequency in the population through ________

Accepted Answer

A) mutation. 
B) migration. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) nonrandom mating. 
E) selection. 
A) mutation. 
B) migration. 
C) genetic drift. 
D) nonrandom mating. 
E) selection.

Question 4

Since females take on the larger parenting role in most species,what tendency do they have?

Accepted Answer

A) They produce large numbers of gametes. 
B) They compete heavily for access to high fitness males. 
C) They are the choosy sex. 
D) They acquire polyandrous groups of male mates. 
A) They produce large numbers of gametes. 
B) They compete heavily for access to high fitness males. 
C) They are the choosy sex. 
D) They acquire polyandrous groups of male mates.

Question 5

An island is on the migration route of sea birds.This island also has abundant tree nesting birds that live on the island permanently and are not found on any other island.The tree nesting birds are more likely than the sea birds to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because:

Accepted Answer

A) of high immigration in the sea bird population. 
B) the sea bird population is larger. 
C) there are fewer mutations in the sea birds. 
D) mating is random in the tree nesting birds. 
E) natural selection is stronger in the tree nesting birds. 
A) of high immigration in the sea bird population. 
B) the sea bird population is larger. 
C) there are fewer mutations in the sea birds. 
D) mating is random in the tree nesting birds. 
E) natural selection is stronger in the tree nesting birds.

Question 6

Many male songbirds are brightly colored.However,the color of the birds is determined by a balance of

Accepted Answer

A) natural selection against bright colors by predation and sexual selection in favor of bright colors. 
B) mutations that reduce bright colors and gene flow in favor of bright colors. 
C) natural selection against bright colors by predation and mutations that introduce bright colors. 
D) mutations that reduce bright colors and sexual selection in favor of bright colors. 
E) gene flow that reduces bright colors and natural selection in favor of bright colors. 
A) natural selection against bright colors by predation and sexual selection in favor of bright colors. 
B) mutations that reduce bright colors and gene flow in favor of bright colors. 
C) natural selection against bright colors by predation and mutations that introduce bright colors. 
D) mutations that reduce bright colors and sexual selection in favor of bright colors. 
E) gene flow that reduces bright colors and natural selection in favor of bright colors.

Question 7

The several hundred species of picture-winged fruit flies of the Hawaiian Islands are genetically very similar,yet they all differ markedly from their ancestral population in Asia.This is probably an example of ________

Accepted Answer

A) sexual selection. 
B) directional selection. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) founder effect. 
E) gene flow. 
A) sexual selection. 
B) directional selection. 
C) disruptive selection. 
D) founder effect. 
E) gene flow.

Question 8

________ would produce the smallest evolutionary change in a given period of time in a population of birds.

Accepted Answer

A) Mutation 
B) Natural selection 
C) Migration 
D) Assortive mating 
E) Gene flow 
A) Mutation 
B) Natural selection 
C) Migration 
D) Assortive mating 
E) Gene flow

Question 9

Based on the graph above,the color of male guppies can be seen as a balance between positive and negative selections.Bright colors are an advantage in ________,but a disadvantage in ________.

Accepted Answer

A) attracting mates; avoiding predators 
B) avoiding predators; attracting mates 
C) avoiding predators; finding food 
D) attracting mates; finding food 
E) finding food; attracting mates 
A) attracting mates; avoiding predators 
B) avoiding predators; attracting mates 
C) avoiding predators; finding food 
D) attracting mates; finding food 
E) finding food; attracting mates

Question 10

If a population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,then ________ would occur in that population.

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection 
B) assortive mating 
C) natural selection 
D) an increase of recessive alleles 
E) no evolutionary changes 
A) directional selection 
B) assortive mating 
C) natural selection 
D) an increase of recessive alleles 
E) no evolutionary changes

Question 11

If the frequency of an autosomal recessive trait in humans is 1 out of 100 births,what would be the expected frequency of heterozygote carriers for the trait if we assume that the gene is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

A) 0)01 
B) 0)10 
C) 0)18 
D) 0)81 
E) 0)90 
A) 0)01 
B) 0)10 
C) 0)18 
D) 0)81 
E) 0)90

Question 12

You are studying a population of geese in which there are two color phases,brown and gray.Color in this species is controlled by a single gene,with brown dominant to gray.A random sample of 250 geese shows that 210 are brown.What percentage of the brown geese are heterozygous? (Assume that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.)

Accepted Answer

A) 36% 
B) 43% 
C) 48% 
D) 57% 
E) 84% 
A) 36% 
B) 43% 
C) 48% 
D) 57% 
E) 84%

Question 13

People homozygous for the sickle-cell anemia allele develop a life threatening disease,while those homozygous for the normal allele are at the highest risk of dying from malaria.Carriers have some resistance to malaria,but do not develop sickle cell anemia.This is an example of ________

Accepted Answer

A) founder effect. 
B) genetic bottleneck. 
C) point mutation. 
D) heterozygote advantage. 
E) heterozygosity. 
A) founder effect. 
B) genetic bottleneck. 
C) point mutation. 
D) heterozygote advantage. 
E) heterozygosity.

Question 14

Antigens on red blood cells are hereditary traits that allow blood to be typed in different ways.One system is based on a gene with two alleles,M and N.If the frequency of the M allele in a population is 0.4,then according to the Hardy-Weinberg rule,the expected frequency of the heterozygous MN genotype is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) 0)16 
B) 0)24 
C) 0)36 
D) 0)48 
E) 0)6 
A) 0)16 
B) 0)24 
C) 0)36 
D) 0)48 
E) 0)6

Question 15

Gene flow,defined as the movement of genes from one population to another,can take place by migration,as well as

Accepted Answer

A) mating with certain trait-containing individuals. 
B) mating with dominant phenotypes. 
C) mating between individuals of adjacent populations. 
D) removing the barriers between the populations. 
E) physical movement of genes within an individual by transposons. 
A) mating with certain trait-containing individuals. 
B) mating with dominant phenotypes. 
C) mating between individuals of adjacent populations. 
D) removing the barriers between the populations. 
E) physical movement of genes within an individual by transposons.

Question 16

In the experiment above,guppy color patterns (spots)were measured in populations exposed to increasing amounts of predation.From this you could conclude that ________.

Accepted Answer

A) predators are more likely to catch and eat brightly colored guppies 
B) predators are less likely to catch and eat brightly colored guppies 
C) brightly colored guppies are more likely to reproduce in the presence of predators 
D) predators do not affect the color patterns of guppies 
E) evolutionary changes take millions of years to appear 
A) predators are more likely to catch and eat brightly colored guppies 
B) predators are less likely to catch and eat brightly colored guppies 
C) brightly colored guppies are more likely to reproduce in the presence of predators 
D) predators do not affect the color patterns of guppies 
E) evolutionary changes take millions of years to appear

Question 17

In the phalarope,or wadepiper bird,the male is unusual in playing the larger parenting role -- he performs all the egg incubation and chick care.What unusual behavior might you predict for the female of the species?

Accepted Answer

A) The female provides sperm to fertilize the male's eggs. 
B) The female is part of a large harem of females,under the domain of a single male. 
C) The females compete to mate with the males,who choose among them. 
D) The females have dull,brown coloring that keeps them well-camouflaged. 
A) The female provides sperm to fertilize the male's eggs. 
B) The female is part of a large harem of females,under the domain of a single male. 
C) The females compete to mate with the males,who choose among them. 
D) The females have dull,brown coloring that keeps them well-camouflaged.

Question 18

Average human males are most likely to be attracted to women with a waist to hip ratio of 0.72.Women with this waist to hip ratio are also the most fertile.By being attracted to women with a waist to hip ratio,a male is increasing his chances of having children and thus improve his ________.

Accepted Answer

A) fitness 
B) longevity 
C) allele frequency 
D) gene flow 
A) fitness 
B) longevity 
C) allele frequency 
D) gene flow

Question 19

During a drought on the Galapagos islands,finches with larger beaks were able to crack the large tough seeds produced by plants that survived the dry conditions.This is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) directional selection 
B) stabilizing selection 
C) disruptive selection 
D) genetic drift 
E) a founder effect 
A) directional selection 
B) stabilizing selection 
C) disruptive selection 
D) genetic drift 
E) a founder effect

Question 20

In a large population of randomly reproducing rabbits,a recessive allele r comprises 80% of the alleles for a gene.What percentage of the rabbits would you expect to have the recessive phenotype?

Accepted Answer

A) 4% 
B) 32% 
C) 64% 
D) 80% 
E) 100% 
A) 4% 
B) 32% 
C) 64% 
D) 80% 
E) 100%

Exam 20: Genes Within Populations

________ would keep a population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Male Mormon crickets choose larger females as their mates.Which of the following statements best interprets the graph?

In a small population of cockroaches living in your kitchen,only a few roaches mate in one year.This can lead to random changes in allele frequency in the population through ________

Since females take on the larger parenting role in most species,what tendency do they have?

An island is on the migration route of sea birds.This island also has abundant tree nesting birds that live on the island permanently and are not found on any other island.The tree nesting birds are more likely than the sea birds to be in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium because:

Many male songbirds are brightly colored.However,the color of the birds is determined by a balance of

The several hundred species of picture-winged fruit flies of the Hawaiian Islands are genetically very similar,yet they all differ markedly from their ancestral population in Asia.This is probably an example of ________

________ would produce the smallest evolutionary change in a given period of time in a population of birds.

Based on the graph above,the color of male guppies can be seen as a balance between positive and negative selections.Bright colors are an advantage in ________,but a disadvantage in ________.

If a population was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,then ________ would occur in that population.

If the frequency of an autosomal recessive trait in humans is 1 out of 100 births,what would be the expected frequency of heterozygote carriers for the trait if we assume that the gene is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

People homozygous for the sickle-cell anemia allele develop a life threatening disease,while those homozygous for the normal allele are at the highest risk of dying from malaria.Carriers have some resistance to malaria,but do not develop sickle cell anemia.This is an example of ________

Gene flow,defined as the movement of genes from one population to another,can take place by migration,as well as

In the experiment above,guppy color patterns (spots)were measured in populations exposed to increasing amounts of predation.From this you could conclude that ________.

In the phalarope,or wadepiper bird,the male is unusual in playing the larger parenting role -- he performs all the egg incubation and chick care.What unusual behavior might you predict for the female of the species?

Average human males are most likely to be attracted to women with a waist to hip ratio of 0.72.Women with this waist to hip ratio are also the most fertile.By being attracted to women with a waist to hip ratio,a male is increasing his chances of having children and thus improve his ________.

During a drought on the Galapagos islands,finches with larger beaks were able to crack the large tough seeds produced by plants that survived the dry conditions.This is an example of ________.

In a large population of randomly reproducing rabbits,a recessive allele r comprises 80% of the alleles for a gene.What percentage of the rabbits would you expect to have the recessive phenotype?

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Based on the graph above,the color of male guppies can be seen as a balance between positive and negative selections.Bright colors are an advantage in ,but a disadvantage in .