Question 1

The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is

Accepted Answer

A) called divergence. 
B) called convergence. 
C) referred to as successive homologies. 
D) referred to as descent. 
E) also known as natural selection. 
A) called divergence. 
B) called convergence. 
C) referred to as successive homologies. 
D) referred to as descent. 
E) also known as natural selection.

Question 2

Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture.One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is

Accepted Answer

A) peas. 
B) tomatoes. 
C) potatoes. 
D) corn. 
E) asparagus. 
A) peas. 
B) tomatoes. 
C) potatoes. 
D) corn. 
E) asparagus.

Question 3

The figure below shows results of bristle number in Drosophila flies after 35 generations of artificial selection.This figure suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) bristle number has evolved beyond the original range of phenotypic variation for this trait. 
B) after 35 generations of selection,populations no longer exhibit variation in bristle number. 
C) natural selection cannot lead to large phenotypic changes. 
D) at the end of the experiment,"high population" flies were unable to interbreed with "low population" flies. 
A) bristle number has evolved beyond the original range of phenotypic variation for this trait. 
B) after 35 generations of selection,populations no longer exhibit variation in bristle number. 
C) natural selection cannot lead to large phenotypic changes. 
D) at the end of the experiment,"high population" flies were unable to interbreed with "low population" flies.

Question 4

Which statement factors into artificial but not natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A) Most organisms are capable of producing more offspring than typically survive. 
B) Phenotypic variation of a species has variable appeal to humans interested in that species. 
C) Phenotypic variation exists within populations. 
D) Phenotypic variation can influence reproductive success. 
E) Phenotypic variation within a species is due in part to inherited characteristics. 
A) Most organisms are capable of producing more offspring than typically survive. 
B) Phenotypic variation of a species has variable appeal to humans interested in that species. 
C) Phenotypic variation exists within populations. 
D) Phenotypic variation can influence reproductive success. 
E) Phenotypic variation within a species is due in part to inherited characteristics.

Question 5

Inhabitants of oceanic islands resemble forms of the nearest mainland but show some differences.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the fossil record. 
B) homology. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) biogeography. 
E) development. 
A) the fossil record. 
B) homology. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) biogeography. 
E) development.

Question 6

Which one of the following is not important to the concept of homology?

Accepted Answer

A) Homologous features must be found in a common ancestor. 
B) It can include anatomical,physiological,or molecular features. 
C) Features must share a common developmental pattern. 
D) Species with homologous features must be related. 
E) None of the features being compared can be vestigial. 
A) Homologous features must be found in a common ancestor. 
B) It can include anatomical,physiological,or molecular features. 
C) Features must share a common developmental pattern. 
D) Species with homologous features must be related. 
E) None of the features being compared can be vestigial.

Question 7

The streamlined bodies seen in sharks,tuna,and dolphins best relate to

Accepted Answer

A) a recent shared common ancestor. 
B) dissimilar selection pressures. 
C) the physical properties of water. 
D) the need to escape fast-moving predators. 
E) intelligent design. 
A) a recent shared common ancestor. 
B) dissimilar selection pressures. 
C) the physical properties of water. 
D) the need to escape fast-moving predators. 
E) intelligent design.

Question 8

Evolution does not violate the second law of thermodynamics because

Accepted Answer

A) evolution is a random process; it does not require an input of energy. 
B) Earth is not a closed system; it constantly receives an input of energy from the sun. 
C) living organisms are not subject to the second law. 
D) the disorder generated by extinction balances the order created by evolution. 
A) evolution is a random process; it does not require an input of energy. 
B) Earth is not a closed system; it constantly receives an input of energy from the sun. 
C) living organisms are not subject to the second law. 
D) the disorder generated by extinction balances the order created by evolution.

Question 9

Select the pairs of organism characteristics that are homologous structures.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) cactus spines; tree leaves 
B) human hand bones; whale fin bones 
C) bat wing; butterfly wing 
D) octopus eye; mouse eye 
A) cactus spines; tree leaves 
B) human hand bones; whale fin bones 
C) bat wing; butterfly wing 
D) octopus eye; mouse eye

Question 10

Industrial melanism is a term

Accepted Answer

A) describing the color change induced by living in industrialized areas. 
B) explaining that the darker moths have higher mutation rates because of industrialization. 
C) describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection. 
D) explaining that the darker moths having higher reproductive success because of their pigmentation. 
E) describing the widespread implementation of pollution controls. 
A) describing the color change induced by living in industrialized areas. 
B) explaining that the darker moths have higher mutation rates because of industrialization. 
C) describing the evolutionary process in which initially light-colored organisms become dark as a result of natural selection. 
D) explaining that the darker moths having higher reproductive success because of their pigmentation. 
E) describing the widespread implementation of pollution controls.

Question 11

Why can't "scientific creationism" be considered a science? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) It is not supported by any empirical observations. 
B) It does not obtain its principles from observation,as does science. 
C) Its assumptions lead to no hypotheses that could be tested and possibly disproved. 
D) The idea of creation by a supernatural agency lies outside the realm of science. 
E) Only non-scientists believe it. 
A) It is not supported by any empirical observations. 
B) It does not obtain its principles from observation,as does science. 
C) Its assumptions lead to no hypotheses that could be tested and possibly disproved. 
D) The idea of creation by a supernatural agency lies outside the realm of science. 
E) Only non-scientists believe it.

Question 12

The evidence for industrial melanism being caused by an increase in the dark allele was provided from field tests carried out by

Accepted Answer

A) Kettlewell. 
B) Lamarck. 
C) Darwin. 
D) Tutt. 
E) Wallace. 
A) Kettlewell. 
B) Lamarck. 
C) Darwin. 
D) Tutt. 
E) Wallace.

Question 13

Choose the evidence supporting that snakes evolved from legged lizards.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Snakes have pelvic bones. 
B) The oldest snake-like fossils have leg bones. 
C) Transitional fossils show sections of the snake backbone evolving into legs. 
D) Snake embryos temporarily develop limb buds which are reabsorbed before birth. 
A) Snakes have pelvic bones. 
B) The oldest snake-like fossils have leg bones. 
C) Transitional fossils show sections of the snake backbone evolving into legs. 
D) Snake embryos temporarily develop limb buds which are reabsorbed before birth.

Question 14

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,600 years.A fossil that has one-eighth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is probably

Accepted Answer

A) 2,800 years old. 
B) 5,600 years old. 
C) 11,200 years old. 
D) 16,800 years old. 
E) 22,400 years old. 
A) 2,800 years old. 
B) 5,600 years old. 
C) 11,200 years old. 
D) 16,800 years old. 
E) 22,400 years old.

Question 15

The figure below shows the relationship between beak depth in the medium ground finch on Daphne Major and relative fitness.Assuming that beak depth is heritable,what do you predict about beak depth in the next generation?

Accepted Answer

A) Mean beak depth will decrease. 
B) Mean beak depth will increase. 
C) Mean beak depth will stay about the same. 
D) Mean beak depth in the next generation cannot be predicted using this data. 
A) Mean beak depth will decrease. 
B) Mean beak depth will increase. 
C) Mean beak depth will stay about the same. 
D) Mean beak depth in the next generation cannot be predicted using this data.

Question 16

Marsupials are a very ancestral form of mammal,evolving before placental mammals over 70 million years ago.Today Australian marsupials can be compared to placental mammals on other continents.
  
-When you compare Australian marsupials to placental mammals today

Accepted Answer

A) the marsupials are all very primitive,having changed very little during the last 70 million years. 
B) the marsupials are very similar to placental mammals in the ways they have adapted to similar ecological niches. 
C) the marsupials have evolved much more rapidly than placental mammals and are more highly adapted. 
D) the marsupial fossils look remarkably similar to the placental mammals of today. 
E) living marsupials are little changed from the earliest marsupial fossil forms. 
A) the marsupials are all very primitive,having changed very little during the last 70 million years. 
B) the marsupials are very similar to placental mammals in the ways they have adapted to similar ecological niches. 
C) the marsupials have evolved much more rapidly than placental mammals and are more highly adapted. 
D) the marsupial fossils look remarkably similar to the placental mammals of today. 
E) living marsupials are little changed from the earliest marsupial fossil forms.

Question 17

Which aspect(s)of natural selection is(are)illustrated by the figure below (21.2b)? Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) Variation must exist in the population. 
B) Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. 
C) Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. 
D) More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support,resulting in competition for survival. 
A) Variation must exist in the population. 
B) Variation among individuals must be genetically transmissible to the next generation. 
C) Variation among individuals leads to differences in lifetime reproductive success. 
D) More individuals are produced each generation than the environment can support,resulting in competition for survival.

Question 18

Choose the scientific evidence that supports evolutionary theory.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) the fossil record 
B) homologous structures 
C) the molecular record 
D) intelligent design 
E) vestigial structures 
A) the fossil record 
B) homologous structures 
C) the molecular record 
D) intelligent design 
E) vestigial structures

Question 19

The shape of the beaks of Darwin's finches and industrial melanism are often cited as examples of the process of ________ leading to evolutionary change.

Accepted Answer

A) artificial selection 
B) coevolution 
C) intelligent design 
D) founder effect 
E) natural selection 
A) artificial selection 
B) coevolution 
C) intelligent design 
D) founder effect 
E) natural selection

Question 20

The marsupials in Australia closely resemble the placental animals of the rest of the world.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) the fossil record. 
B) homology. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) biogeography. 
E) development. 
A) the fossil record. 
B) homology. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) biogeography. 
E) development.

Exam 21: The Evidence for Evolution

The evolution of similar forms in different lineages when exposed to the same selective pressures is

Some of the most dramatic evidence for evolution has come from human agriculture.One of the most highly artificially selected crop plants is

The figure below shows results of bristle number in Drosophila flies after 35 generations of artificial selection.This figure suggests that

Which statement factors into artificial but not natural selection?

Inhabitants of oceanic islands resemble forms of the nearest mainland but show some differences.This is an example of

Which one of the following is not important to the concept of homology?

The streamlined bodies seen in sharks,tuna,and dolphins best relate to

Evolution does not violate the second law of thermodynamics because

Select the pairs of organism characteristics that are homologous structures.Check all that apply.

Industrial melanism is a term

Why can't "scientific creationism" be considered a science? Check all that apply.

The evidence for industrial melanism being caused by an increase in the dark allele was provided from field tests carried out by

Choose the evidence supporting that snakes evolved from legged lizards.Check all that apply.

The half-life of carbon-14 is 5,600 years.A fossil that has one-eighth the normal proportion of carbon-14 to carbon-12 is probably

The figure below shows the relationship between beak depth in the medium ground finch on Daphne Major and relative fitness.Assuming that beak depth is heritable,what do you predict about beak depth in the next generation?

Marsupials are a very ancestral form of mammal,evolving before placental mammals over 70 million years ago.Today Australian marsupials can be compared to placental mammals on other continents. -When you compare Australian marsupials to placental mammals today

Which aspect(s)of natural selection is(are)illustrated by the figure below (21.2b)? Check all that apply.

Choose the scientific evidence that supports evolutionary theory.Check all that apply.

The shape of the beaks of Darwin's finches and industrial melanism are often cited as examples of the process of ________ leading to evolutionary change.

The marsupials in Australia closely resemble the placental animals of the rest of the world.This is an example of

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters