Question 1

-A frog should be added to the phylogeny above at point

Accepted Answer

A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) E. 
A) A. 
B) B. 
C) C. 
D) D. 
E) E.

Question 2

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 4 and 5 
B) 2 and 4 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 2 and 5 
A) 4 and 5 
B) 2 and 4 
C) 1 and 4 
D) 3 and 4 
E) 2 and 5

Question 3

Choose the true statements about the evolution of larval dispersal in marine snails.

Accepted Answer

A) The evolution of non-dispersing snails is likely to hinder speciation. 
B) Clades of non-dispersing snails are less species rich than those of dispersing snails. 
C) Loss of structures in the transition from dispersing to non-dispersing may inhibit evolutionary reversal. 
D) Possession of dispersing larvae is the ancestral state in snails. 
E) Cladistics shows that there are more instances of the transition from dispersing to non-dispersing larvae than the reverse. 
A) The evolution of non-dispersing snails is likely to hinder speciation. 
B) Clades of non-dispersing snails are less species rich than those of dispersing snails. 
C) Loss of structures in the transition from dispersing to non-dispersing may inhibit evolutionary reversal. 
D) Possession of dispersing larvae is the ancestral state in snails. 
E) Cladistics shows that there are more instances of the transition from dispersing to non-dispersing larvae than the reverse.

Question 4

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

Accepted Answer

A) homoplasies. 
B) phylogenetics. 
C) taxonomy. 
D) classification. 
E) synapomorphies. 
A) homoplasies. 
B) phylogenetics. 
C) taxonomy. 
D) classification. 
E) synapomorphies.

Question 5

-Consider the cladogram shown.If we designate species 1 as the outgroup,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6 
A) 2 
B) 3 
C) 4 
D) 5 
E) 6

Question 6

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

Accepted Answer

A) evolution. 
B) systematics. 
C) taxonomy. 
D) taxidermy. 
E) cladistics. 
A) evolution. 
B) systematics. 
C) taxonomy. 
D) taxidermy. 
E) cladistics.

Question 7

The figure shows the evolution of HIV and SIV.Choose the true statements about the evolution of HIV (Select all that apply).

Accepted Answer

A) All strains of HIV are included within clades with SIV strains. 
B) A strain of HIV is never more closely related to another strain of HIV than it is to a SIV strain. 
C) Humans acquired different subtypes of HIV from different primate hosts. 
D) HIV-1 group O is more closely related to SIV-chimpanzee than SIV-gorilla. 
E) All strains of SIV are included within clades with HIV strains. 
A) All strains of HIV are included within clades with SIV strains. 
B) A strain of HIV is never more closely related to another strain of HIV than it is to a SIV strain. 
C) Humans acquired different subtypes of HIV from different primate hosts. 
D) HIV-1 group O is more closely related to SIV-chimpanzee than SIV-gorilla. 
E) All strains of SIV are included within clades with HIV strains.

Question 8

The common ancestor shared by mouse and gorilla is at point ________ on the phylogeny shown.

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 9

A group is considered monophyletic if

Accepted Answer

A) all members of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
E) it is the most parsimonious grouping. 
A) all members of the group share a common ancestor that is included in the group. 
B) not all descendants of the common ancestor are included. 
C) all members share homoplastic traits. 
D) the group does not contain the most recent common ancestor. 
E) it is the most parsimonious grouping.

Question 10

Birds,snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true,these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent

Accepted Answer

A) a polyphyletic group. 
B) a monophyletic group. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) an outgroup. 
E) a species cluster. 
A) a polyphyletic group. 
B) a monophyletic group. 
C) homoplastic convergence. 
D) an outgroup. 
E) a species cluster.

Question 11

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

Accepted Answer

A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E 
A) A 
B) B 
C) C 
D) D 
E) E

Question 12

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A ________ group consists of the most...

Question 13

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Accepted Answer

A) Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same,one is more recent than the other,but basically they are the same. 
B) Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades,which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C) Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D) Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies. 
A) Friend A states that systematics and phylogenies are really the same,one is more recent than the other,but basically they are the same. 
B) Friend B says that systematics is the same as cladistics and cladistics is reconstructing clades,which ultimately lead to the development of phylogenies. 
C) Friend C argues that systematics is the actual collecting and cataloguing of specimens into museums that can be used later by scientists to construct clades and phylogenies. 
D) Friend D says that the way she remembers is that systematics is the reconstruction and study of phylogenies.

Question 14

Phenotypic similarity does not always reflect evolutionary relationships due to

Accepted Answer

A) variation in rates of evolutionary change among species. 
B) homoplasy. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) outgrouping. 
A) variation in rates of evolutionary change among species. 
B) homoplasy. 
C) convergent evolution. 
D) outgrouping.

Question 15

A phylogenetically-based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.Check all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A) physiology 
B) behavior 
C) development 
D) morphology 
A) physiology 
B) behavior 
C) development 
D) morphology

Question 16

-Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 17

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies)?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 18

Based on the phylogeny shown,choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.

Accepted Answer

A) Ginkgo is more closely related to oak than rose. 
B) Oak is equally related to rose and pine. 
C) Fern is more closely related to pine than to rose. 
D) Fern is equally related to ginkgo and oak. 
A) Ginkgo is more closely related to oak than rose. 
B) Oak is equally related to rose and pine. 
C) Fern is more closely related to pine than to rose. 
D) Fern is equally related to ginkgo and oak.

Question 19

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ________ characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) homologous 
B) homoplastic 
C) adaptive 
D) derived 
E) ancestral 
A) homologous 
B) homoplastic 
C) adaptive 
D) derived 
E) ancestral

Question 20

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

Accepted Answer

A) ancestral traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
E) symplesiomorphies. 
A) ancestral traits. 
B) homoplasies. 
C) synapomorphies. 
D) plesiomorphies. 
E) symplesiomorphies.

Exam 23: Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

-A frog should be added to the phylogeny above at point

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which pair of species shares the greatest number of derived characters (synapomorphies)?

Choose the true statements about the evolution of larval dispersal in marine snails.

The evolutionary sequence in the development of a complex character can be best analyzed through

-Consider the cladogram shown.If we designate species 1 as the outgroup,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies)?

The study and reconstruction of phylogenies is

The figure shows the evolution of HIV and SIV.Choose the true statements about the evolution of HIV (Select all that apply).

The common ancestor shared by mouse and gorilla is at point ________ on the phylogeny shown.

A group is considered monophyletic if

Birds,snakes,lizards,turtles,and crocodiles are all thought to share a common ancestor and several homologous traits.Assuming that this is true,these groups of animals and their common ancestor would represent

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which trait is least informative of phylogenetic relationships within the group?

A ________ group consists of the most recent common ancestor and some of its descendants.

One day after a biology class four of your friends argue about the difference between phylogeny and systematics.Which friend is right?

Phenotypic similarity does not always reflect evolutionary relationships due to

A phylogenetically-based taxonomy is important not only in creating a logical way to name organisms,but also in learning about ________ of organisms using information in related species.Check all that apply.

-Consider the cladogram shown.Based on this cladogram,which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies)?

-The table shows the distribution of traits (A-E)in six extant species (1-6).A "0" indicates the ancestral condition,and a "1" indicates the derived condition.Which species has the greatest number of ancestral character states (pleisiomorphies)?

Based on the phylogeny shown,choose the true statement about evolutionary relationships.

Characteristics that have arisen in organisms as a result of common evolutionary descent are said to be ________ characteristics.

Derived character states shared by clade members are called

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