Question 1

Gene inactivation is likely to produce

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologues. 
E) horizontal gene transfer (HGT). 
A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologues. 
E) horizontal gene transfer (HGT).

Question 2

The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees

Accepted Answer

A) are vastly different. 
B) are about 50% alike. 
C) are about 80% alike. 
D) are more than 99% alike. 
E) are identical. 
A) are vastly different. 
B) are about 50% alike. 
C) are about 80% alike. 
D) are more than 99% alike. 
E) are identical.

Question 3

Choose the true statements about the genomes of plants (especially Arabidopsis and rice),animals,and fungi.

Accepted Answer

A) Plants,animals,and fungi share most of the same genes for intermediary metabolism,genome replication,and protein synthesis. 
B) "Plant" genes include those coding for photosynthetic pathways and morphology. 
C) Plants generally have smaller genomes than those of animals and fungi. 
D) Rice has fewer genes than humans. 
A) Plants,animals,and fungi share most of the same genes for intermediary metabolism,genome replication,and protein synthesis. 
B) "Plant" genes include those coding for photosynthetic pathways and morphology. 
C) Plants generally have smaller genomes than those of animals and fungi. 
D) Rice has fewer genes than humans.

Question 4

Genes are found in the same order for large stretches of the X chromosome in the rat and mouse genomes,indicating

Accepted Answer

A) occurrence of aneuploidy. 
B) formation of pseudogenes. 
C) conservation of synteny. 
D) conservation of neoteny. 
A) occurrence of aneuploidy. 
B) formation of pseudogenes. 
C) conservation of synteny. 
D) conservation of neoteny.

Question 5

Choose the true statements about the human and chimpanzee genomes.

Accepted Answer

A) A comparison of genomes confirms that humans and chimpanzees are closely related species. 
B) Very few mutations differentiating the two genomes occur in coding DNA. 
C) Some insertion-deletions (indels)lead to loss of function changes in the two genomes. 
D) More similarity exists between the genomes of human and mouse than between human and chimpanzee. 
E) The estimated genome sizes and number of genes is very different in humans and chimpanzees. 
A) A comparison of genomes confirms that humans and chimpanzees are closely related species. 
B) Very few mutations differentiating the two genomes occur in coding DNA. 
C) Some insertion-deletions (indels)lead to loss of function changes in the two genomes. 
D) More similarity exists between the genomes of human and mouse than between human and chimpanzee. 
E) The estimated genome sizes and number of genes is very different in humans and chimpanzees.

Question 6

Many genes in the human genome are no longer expressed because mutations have introduced stop codons within the coding sequence or transposons have disrupted gene function.These genes are now considered

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologues. 
A) pseudogenes. 
B) orthologs. 
C) paralogs. 
D) homologues.

Question 7

Which one of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is false?

Accepted Answer

A) Horizontal gene transfer is also called lateral gene transfer. 
B) Horizontal gene transfer involves hitchhiking genes from other species. 
C) Horizontal gene transfer was common early in life,but is absent today. 
D) Gene swapping is evident in the human genome. 
E) The products of horizontal gene transfer often exist as transposons. 
A) Horizontal gene transfer is also called lateral gene transfer. 
B) Horizontal gene transfer involves hitchhiking genes from other species. 
C) Horizontal gene transfer was common early in life,but is absent today. 
D) Gene swapping is evident in the human genome. 
E) The products of horizontal gene transfer often exist as transposons.

Question 8

Recent research has suggested that some pseudogenes and non-protein-coding DNA code for RNAs that affect transcription of coding regions.This suggests that

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes code for proteins. 
B) non-protein-coding DNA has no function. 
C) non-protein-coding DNA may regulate gene expression. 
D) pseudogenes have no function. 
A) pseudogenes code for proteins. 
B) non-protein-coding DNA has no function. 
C) non-protein-coding DNA may regulate gene expression. 
D) pseudogenes have no function.

Question 9

When a segment of DNA duplicates,causing two copies of a gene to be present in the chromosome,the duplicate copy could possibly (Check all that apply)

Accepted Answer

A) lose function due to mutation. 
B) become an ortholog. 
C) gain a new function due to mutation. 
D) become a pseudogene. 
E) become a centromere. 
A) lose function due to mutation. 
B) become an ortholog. 
C) gain a new function due to mutation. 
D) become a pseudogene. 
E) become a centromere.

Question 10

Choose the most influential contributing factor to the reduced sense of smell in humans compared with the other great apes.

Accepted Answer

A) pseudogenes 
B) conservation of synteny 
C) aneuploidy 
D) one more chromosome in humans compared to the other great apes 
E) number of olfactory receptor (OR)genes present in the genome 
A) pseudogenes 
B) conservation of synteny 
C) aneuploidy 
D) one more chromosome in humans compared to the other great apes 
E) number of olfactory receptor (OR)genes present in the genome

Question 11

Choose the true statements about pseudogenes.

Accepted Answer

A) Premature stop codons can produce pseudogenes. 
B) Missense mutations can produce pseudogenes. 
C) Pseudogenes have DNA sequences very similar to a functional gene. 
D) Pseudogenes result from horizontal gene transfer. 
A) Premature stop codons can produce pseudogenes. 
B) Missense mutations can produce pseudogenes. 
C) Pseudogenes have DNA sequences very similar to a functional gene. 
D) Pseudogenes result from horizontal gene transfer.

Question 12

The types of human genes most likely to be duplicated,resulting in multiple copies,are

Accepted Answer

A) genes controlling basic tissue development. 
B) immune system genes. 
C) genes for cell surface receptors. 
D) genes for controlling basic metabolism. 
A) genes controlling basic tissue development. 
B) immune system genes. 
C) genes for cell surface receptors. 
D) genes for controlling basic metabolism.

Question 13

Comparisons of human and mouse genomes reveals

Accepted Answer

A) they have widely different numbers of genes,and share only a few more genes than humans and pufferfish. 
B) the differences between humans and mice are mainly the introns. 
C) they have very little in common. 
D) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape. 
E) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to smell and reproduction. 
A) they have widely different numbers of genes,and share only a few more genes than humans and pufferfish. 
B) the differences between humans and mice are mainly the introns. 
C) they have very little in common. 
D) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to size and shape. 
E) the genomes are very similar,with most of the genes unique to mice linked to smell and reproduction.

Question 14

Using the sequencing results for genomes from each of the kingdoms,it is currently possible

Accepted Answer

A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly,examining DNA changes. 
B) to build,from scratch,complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
C) to sequence and build,from scratch,simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdom abilities built into their DNA. 
A) to explore genetic differences between species very directly,examining DNA changes. 
B) to build,from scratch,complex organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
C) to sequence and build,from scratch,simple organisms with trans-kingdom genomes. 
D) to design humans with a variety of inter-kingdom abilities built into their DNA.

Exam 24: Genome Evolution

Gene inactivation is likely to produce

The protein-coding gene sequences in humans and chimpanzees

Choose the true statements about the genomes of plants (especially Arabidopsis and rice),animals,and fungi.

Genes are found in the same order for large stretches of the X chromosome in the rat and mouse genomes,indicating

Choose the true statements about the human and chimpanzee genomes.

Many genes in the human genome are no longer expressed because mutations have introduced stop codons within the coding sequence or transposons have disrupted gene function.These genes are now considered

Which one of the following statements about horizontal gene transfer is false?

Recent research has suggested that some pseudogenes and non-protein-coding DNA code for RNAs that affect transcription of coding regions.This suggests that

When a segment of DNA duplicates,causing two copies of a gene to be present in the chromosome,the duplicate copy could possibly (Check all that apply)

Choose the most influential contributing factor to the reduced sense of smell in humans compared with the other great apes.

Choose the true statements about pseudogenes.

The types of human genes most likely to be duplicated,resulting in multiple copies,are

Comparisons of human and mouse genomes reveals

Using the sequencing results for genomes from each of the kingdoms,it is currently possible

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