Question 1

What is the term for the single cotyledon within the kernels of cereal grains?

Accepted Answer

A) aleurone 
B) hypocotyl 
C) dicot 
D) scutellum 
E) amyloplast 
A) aleurone 
B) hypocotyl 
C) dicot 
D) scutellum 
E) amyloplast

Question 2

You buy a Schlumbergera plant,also known as a Christmas Cactus,to decorate the desk where you study late into the night.It is now December,and there are no signs of flower buds forming.What is the most plausible explanation for the lack of flowers?

Accepted Answer

A) Flowering in this plant is controlled by both day length and temperature.The warm room and extended exposure to light are preventing flower formation. 
B) The room is too cold for a cactus plant,which requires hot,desert conditions to flower. 
C) Cacti are gymnosperms,not angiosperms,and thus do not form flowers. 
D) As a long-day plant,the cactus requires a high light to dark ratio to flower,so it must be exposed to more sunlight. 
A) Flowering in this plant is controlled by both day length and temperature.The warm room and extended exposure to light are preventing flower formation. 
B) The room is too cold for a cactus plant,which requires hot,desert conditions to flower. 
C) Cacti are gymnosperms,not angiosperms,and thus do not form flowers. 
D) As a long-day plant,the cactus requires a high light to dark ratio to flower,so it must be exposed to more sunlight.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about plant development is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The radial axis of the developing embryo develops before the root-shoot axis. 
B) A single gene is responsible for the control of all root and shoot formation. 
C) The MONOPTEROS gene (MP)stimulates chlorophyll synthesis in seeds. 
D) Gibberellic acid is important in root-shoot axis formation. 
E) Cells nearest to the suspensor ultimately form the root. 
A) The radial axis of the developing embryo develops before the root-shoot axis. 
B) A single gene is responsible for the control of all root and shoot formation. 
C) The MONOPTEROS gene (MP)stimulates chlorophyll synthesis in seeds. 
D) Gibberellic acid is important in root-shoot axis formation. 
E) Cells nearest to the suspensor ultimately form the root.

Question 4

Which of these structures does not begin development during embryogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) apical meristem 
B) vascular tissue 
C) floral primordia 
D) leaf primordial 
E) ground tissue 
A) apical meristem 
B) vascular tissue 
C) floral primordia 
D) leaf primordial 
E) ground tissue

Question 5

You and your neighbor each have a holly bush in your yards.You carefully water and care for your bush,but it fails to produce berries.Your neighbor,on the other hand,neglects his holly,yet it produces gorgeous red berries each year.Finally,in frustration,you replace your holly with a rose bush.The next year,your neighbor's holly bush has no berries at all.What happened?

Accepted Answer

A) Roses compete for the same insect pollinators as holly bushes. 
B) Holly plants are dioecious.Yours was a male that was needed to pollinate the neighbor's female. 
C) Roses secrete a chemical that inhibits the reproduction of neighboring plants. 
D) The neighbor's bush became infected with the same disease that yours had. 
A) Roses compete for the same insect pollinators as holly bushes. 
B) Holly plants are dioecious.Yours was a male that was needed to pollinate the neighbor's female. 
C) Roses secrete a chemical that inhibits the reproduction of neighboring plants. 
D) The neighbor's bush became infected with the same disease that yours had.

Question 6

Evolutionarily,floral parts represent modified

Accepted Answer

A) stems. 
B) leaves. 
C) roots. 
D) stolons. 
E) buds. 
A) stems. 
B) leaves. 
C) roots. 
D) stolons. 
E) buds.

Question 7

Your botany instructor likes to tell nerdy jokes,like this: "I wanted to buy a pink Toyota Corolla,but the dealer only had a green Calyx available." Impress your instructor with a clever response to this joke.

Accepted Answer

A) "Oh,I would have chosen the blue Receptacle." 
B) "Those are great cars,but the pinecone tires don't roll very well." 
C) "Me too! But I could only afford the yellow Androecium." 
D) "The factory must have run out of class A genes." 
A) "Oh,I would have chosen the blue Receptacle." 
B) "Those are great cars,but the pinecone tires don't roll very well." 
C) "Me too! But I could only afford the yellow Androecium." 
D) "The factory must have run out of class A genes."

Question 8

A seed that lands in the forest soil is homozygous mutant for the CONSTANS (CO)gene,and as a result does not produce any functional CONSTANS protein.What do you predict will happen during the development of this seed?

Accepted Answer

A) It will germinate and grow vegetatively,but will never produce flowers. 
B) It will fail to germinate. 
C) It will germinate and grow vegetatively,and then it will produce flowers earlier than wildtype. 
D) It will germinate and grow vegetatively.If it is from a photoperiodic species,it will fail to produce flowers. 
A) It will germinate and grow vegetatively,but will never produce flowers. 
B) It will fail to germinate. 
C) It will germinate and grow vegetatively,and then it will produce flowers earlier than wildtype. 
D) It will germinate and grow vegetatively.If it is from a photoperiodic species,it will fail to produce flowers.

Question 9

Microspore mother cells produce microspores.What do microspores then develop into?

Accepted Answer

A) egg cells 
B) pollen grains 
C) synergids 
D) endosperm 
E) megaspores 
A) egg cells 
B) pollen grains 
C) synergids 
D) endosperm 
E) megaspores

Question 10

Which of the following statements about plant embryo development is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) The suspensor forms from the shoot apical meristem before development of the root apical meristem. 
B) The development of the shoot and root apical meristems is controlled independently. 
C) The plant hormone abscisic acid is important in the development of the shoot-root axis. 
D) The protoderm establishes the procambium tissue in the young plant embryo. 
A) The suspensor forms from the shoot apical meristem before development of the root apical meristem. 
B) The development of the shoot and root apical meristems is controlled independently. 
C) The plant hormone abscisic acid is important in the development of the shoot-root axis. 
D) The protoderm establishes the procambium tissue in the young plant embryo.

Question 11

When a seed germinates,the embryo emerges from its dormancy and begins which phase of the plant life cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) sporophyte generation 
B) gametophyte generation 
C) dicot generation 
D) monocot generation 
E) alternate generation 
A) sporophyte generation 
B) gametophyte generation 
C) dicot generation 
D) monocot generation 
E) alternate generation

Question 12

What process results in the formation of the endosperm and the embryo in angiosperms?

Accepted Answer

A) alternation of generations 
B) hydrolysis 
C) determinate growth 
D) double fertilization 
E) secondary growth 
A) alternation of generations 
B) hydrolysis 
C) determinate growth 
D) double fertilization 
E) secondary growth

Question 13

The owner of a plant nursery is introducing the new night janitor to his duties."Behind this door are the poinsettias," she said,"Please don't clean this room,and leave the door closed." Why might the owner say this?

Accepted Answer

A) Poinsettias are short-day plants that require a long uninterrupted period of darkness to flower.Even a short flash of light at night could prevent flowering. 
B) Poinsettias are very sensitive to the chemicals used in cleaning,which can interfere with the gibberellin-dependent pathway and disrupt flowering. 
C) Poinsettias are tropical plants and require constant warm temperatures for flower formation. 
D) Poinsettias are long-day plants that require a long period of light for flower formation,and this light might disrupt the day-night cycles of other plants outside the room. 
A) Poinsettias are short-day plants that require a long uninterrupted period of darkness to flower.Even a short flash of light at night could prevent flowering. 
B) Poinsettias are very sensitive to the chemicals used in cleaning,which can interfere with the gibberellin-dependent pathway and disrupt flowering. 
C) Poinsettias are tropical plants and require constant warm temperatures for flower formation. 
D) Poinsettias are long-day plants that require a long period of light for flower formation,and this light might disrupt the day-night cycles of other plants outside the room.

Question 14

Why can scratching or chipping the seed coat speed up the germination of hard-coated seeds like alfalfa?

Accepted Answer

A) The mechanical stress activates hydrolytic enzymes. 
B) Water and oxygen can enter the seed to reach the embryo more quickly. 
C) Carbon dioxide can enter the seed and stimulate photosynthesis. 
D) Bacteria or fungi can enter the seed and release growth factors. 
E) Damage to the seed coat triggers the aleurone layer to release amylase. 
A) The mechanical stress activates hydrolytic enzymes. 
B) Water and oxygen can enter the seed to reach the embryo more quickly. 
C) Carbon dioxide can enter the seed and stimulate photosynthesis. 
D) Bacteria or fungi can enter the seed and release growth factors. 
E) Damage to the seed coat triggers the aleurone layer to release amylase.

Question 15

You go to the movies with a friend,and he refuses to share your popcorn.He says that he heard that movie theatre popcorn is triploid.What is the most likely explanation for this?

Accepted Answer

A) Most corn is genetically modified by large agricultural companies. 
B) The buttery topping on movie theatre popcorn causes chromosomal abnormalities. 
C) Popcorn is made from a different species of maize than regular corn. 
D) All popcorn is triploid,because the starchy part of the kernel is triploid endosperm tissue. 
A) Most corn is genetically modified by large agricultural companies. 
B) The buttery topping on movie theatre popcorn causes chromosomal abnormalities. 
C) Popcorn is made from a different species of maize than regular corn. 
D) All popcorn is triploid,because the starchy part of the kernel is triploid endosperm tissue.

Question 16

Why do many plants use the photoperiodic pathway to regulate the timing of flower formation?

Accepted Answer

A) Flower petals carry out high levels of photosynthesis and require high light conditions. 
B) A minimum amount of light is always necessary for flowering. 
C) This allows plants to link flowering to temperature,which corresponds to the season when conditions are optimal. 
D) This allows plants to link flowering to day length,which corresponds to the season when conditions are optimal. 
A) Flower petals carry out high levels of photosynthesis and require high light conditions. 
B) A minimum amount of light is always necessary for flowering. 
C) This allows plants to link flowering to temperature,which corresponds to the season when conditions are optimal. 
D) This allows plants to link flowering to day length,which corresponds to the season when conditions are optimal.

Question 17

A seed that lands in the forest soil is homozygous mutant for the LEAFY (LFY)gene,and as a result does not produce any functional LEAFY protein.What do you predict will happen during the development of this seed?

Accepted Answer

A) It will germinate and grow vegetatively,but will never produce flowers. 
B) It will fail to germinate. 
C) It will germinate and immediately produce flowers. 
D) It will germinate and grow vegetatively.It will only develop flowers if it is from a species regulated by the autonomous flowering pathway. 
A) It will germinate and grow vegetatively,but will never produce flowers. 
B) It will fail to germinate. 
C) It will germinate and immediately produce flowers. 
D) It will germinate and grow vegetatively.It will only develop flowers if it is from a species regulated by the autonomous flowering pathway.

Question 18

Which of the following is not a feature of a seed?

Accepted Answer

A) It contains a protective coat formed from the outer layers of ovule cells. 
B) The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue or has cotyledons that contain nutritive tissue. 
C) It contains a large percentage of water to support the embryo. 
D) It is a complex structure that allows the embryo to be dispersed to distant sites. 
E) Environmental signals such as light or temperature can trigger germination. 
A) It contains a protective coat formed from the outer layers of ovule cells. 
B) The embryo is surrounded by nutritive tissue or has cotyledons that contain nutritive tissue. 
C) It contains a large percentage of water to support the embryo. 
D) It is a complex structure that allows the embryo to be dispersed to distant sites. 
E) Environmental signals such as light or temperature can trigger germination.

Question 19

Some species of orchids attract pollinating Hymenoptera (bees and wasps)with flowers that closely mimic the appearance of a female insect.As the male attempts to mate with the flower,he becomes loaded with pollen,helping the plant to reproduce.If one of these orchid plants acquired a loss-of-function mutation in a CYCLOIDEA-like gene,what do you predict might happen?

Accepted Answer

A) The mutation would quickly spread through the population. 
B) The mutant plants would have fewer available resources to devote to nectar production. 
C) The mutant plants would attract larger numbers of pollinating male insects. 
D) The mutation would fail to spread in the population. 
A) The mutation would quickly spread through the population. 
B) The mutant plants would have fewer available resources to devote to nectar production. 
C) The mutant plants would attract larger numbers of pollinating male insects. 
D) The mutation would fail to spread in the population.

Question 20

What did experiments with the brown alga Fucus help to determine?

Accepted Answer

A) The cytoplasm is evenly distributed throughout the algal zygote. 
B) The thallus anchors the alga to the surface on which it lives. 
C) Light and gravity do not affect rhizoid orientation. 
D) Magnesium gradients are important for cell wall formation. 
E) A cell wall is required for the zygote to "remember" where a rhizoid should form. 
A) The cytoplasm is evenly distributed throughout the algal zygote. 
B) The thallus anchors the alga to the surface on which it lives. 
C) Light and gravity do not affect rhizoid orientation. 
D) Magnesium gradients are important for cell wall formation. 
E) A cell wall is required for the zygote to "remember" where a rhizoid should form.

Exam 40: Plant Reproduction

What is the term for the single cotyledon within the kernels of cereal grains?

You buy a Schlumbergera plant,also known as a Christmas Cactus,to decorate the desk where you study late into the night.It is now December,and there are no signs of flower buds forming.What is the most plausible explanation for the lack of flowers?

Which of the following statements about plant development is true?

Which of these structures does not begin development during embryogenesis?

Evolutionarily,floral parts represent modified

Your botany instructor likes to tell nerdy jokes,like this: "I wanted to buy a pink Toyota Corolla,but the dealer only had a green Calyx available." Impress your instructor with a clever response to this joke.

A seed that lands in the forest soil is homozygous mutant for the CONSTANS (CO)gene,and as a result does not produce any functional CONSTANS protein.What do you predict will happen during the development of this seed?

Microspore mother cells produce microspores.What do microspores then develop into?

Which of the following statements about plant embryo development is correct?

When a seed germinates,the embryo emerges from its dormancy and begins which phase of the plant life cycle?

What process results in the formation of the endosperm and the embryo in angiosperms?

The owner of a plant nursery is introducing the new night janitor to his duties."Behind this door are the poinsettias," she said,"Please don't clean this room,and leave the door closed." Why might the owner say this?

Why can scratching or chipping the seed coat speed up the germination of hard-coated seeds like alfalfa?

You go to the movies with a friend,and he refuses to share your popcorn.He says that he heard that movie theatre popcorn is triploid.What is the most likely explanation for this?

Why do many plants use the photoperiodic pathway to regulate the timing of flower formation?

A seed that lands in the forest soil is homozygous mutant for the LEAFY (LFY)gene,and as a result does not produce any functional LEAFY protein.What do you predict will happen during the development of this seed?

Which of the following is not a feature of a seed?

What did experiments with the brown alga Fucus help to determine?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters