Question 1

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) glucose 
D) cortisol 
E) glycogen 
A) glucagon 
B) insulin 
C) glucose 
D) cortisol 
E) glycogen

Question 2

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that target beta-adrenergic receptors,blocking the action of epinephrine and norepinephrine.These drugs are used to treat heart conditions,hypertension,glaucoma,and migraine headaches and are also used off-label to alleviate stage fright in performers.Since the beta-adrenergic receptor is a GPCR,what intracellular event is prevented by the use of a beta-blocker?

Accepted Answer

A) a protein kinase cascade,initiated by the receptor's intracellular kinase domain 
B) release of an activated G protein subunit bound to GTP 
C) transport of the receptor-hormone complex into the cell and the nucleus,where it would regulate transcription 
D) a protein phosphatase cascade,initiated by the receptor's intracellular phosphatase domain 
A) a protein kinase cascade,initiated by the receptor's intracellular kinase domain 
B) release of an activated G protein subunit bound to GTP 
C) transport of the receptor-hormone complex into the cell and the nucleus,where it would regulate transcription 
D) a protein phosphatase cascade,initiated by the receptor's intracellular phosphatase domain

Question 3

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe antidiuretic hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) It regulates water turnover in the mammalian kidney. 
B) ADH secretion is stimulated by high blood osmolarity. 
C) It ultimately acts to reabsorb more water. 
D) It exerts it effects via the cAMP pathway. 
E) It does not involve the use of aquaporin molecules. 
A) It regulates water turnover in the mammalian kidney. 
B) ADH secretion is stimulated by high blood osmolarity. 
C) It ultimately acts to reabsorb more water. 
D) It exerts it effects via the cAMP pathway. 
E) It does not involve the use of aquaporin molecules.

Question 4

Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.

Accepted Answer

A) sympathetic 
B) exogeneous 
C) merocrine 
D) endocrine 
E) paracrine 
A) sympathetic 
B) exogeneous 
C) merocrine 
D) endocrine 
E) paracrine

Question 5

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) oxytocin 
C) vasopressin 
D) parathyroid hormone 
E) aldosterone 
A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) oxytocin 
C) vasopressin 
D) parathyroid hormone 
E) aldosterone

Question 6

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Accepted Answer

A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon 
E) melatonin 
A) glucocorticoids 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) glucagon 
E) melatonin

Question 7

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant,her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor,he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

Accepted Answer

A) "They were actually scanning your thyroid gland,not your brain.Are you getting enough iodine in your diet?" 
B) "The MRI technician must have mixed up your patient records.He should have done a thoracic scan instead." 
C) "LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary stimulate milk production.The doctor wants to rule out excess levels of estrogen in the pituitary stalk." 
D) "Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production.The doctor probably wants to rule out a pituitary tumor." 
A) "They were actually scanning your thyroid gland,not your brain.Are you getting enough iodine in your diet?" 
B) "The MRI technician must have mixed up your patient records.He should have done a thoracic scan instead." 
C) "LH and FSH from the posterior pituitary stimulate milk production.The doctor wants to rule out excess levels of estrogen in the pituitary stalk." 
D) "Prolactin from the anterior pituitary stimulates milk production.The doctor probably wants to rule out a pituitary tumor."

Question 8

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

Accepted Answer

A) glucagon 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) norepinephrine 
E) prolactin 
A) glucagon 
B) epinephrine 
C) insulin 
D) norepinephrine 
E) prolactin

Question 9

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH)to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk,yet causes little controversy?

Accepted Answer

A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin D 
C) MSG 
D) preservatives 
A) vitamin A 
B) vitamin D 
C) MSG 
D) preservatives

Question 10

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A) Hormones require large concentrations to have an effect,while neurotransmitters require only low concentrations. 
B) A hormone affects reproductive functions,while neurotransmitters control all other processes. 
C) Hormones travel via the blood to a target tissue,while neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to a postsynaptic cell. 
D) Hormones are steroids,while neurotransmitters are amino acids. 
A) Hormones require large concentrations to have an effect,while neurotransmitters require only low concentrations. 
B) A hormone affects reproductive functions,while neurotransmitters control all other processes. 
C) Hormones travel via the blood to a target tissue,while neurotransmitters cross the synaptic cleft to a postsynaptic cell. 
D) Hormones are steroids,while neurotransmitters are amino acids.

Question 11

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Accepted Answer

A) pancreas 
B) pineal gland 
C) pituitary gland 
D) parathyroid gland 
A) pancreas 
B) pineal gland 
C) pituitary gland 
D) parathyroid gland

Question 12

Which statement does NOT correctly describe hormones that can directly enter a cell?

Accepted Answer

A) Steroid hormones can enter directly into cells because of their hydrophobic makeup. 
B) Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar makeup. 
C) Steroid hormones dissolve poorly in the plasma and are transported to target cells via special protein carriers. 
D) Once these hormones enter a cell,they bind to a cytoplasmic receptor and travel as a complex to the nucleus,or they may bind to the receptor after entering the nucleus. 
A) Steroid hormones can enter directly into cells because of their hydrophobic makeup. 
B) Water-soluble hormones can enter directly into cells because of their nonpolar makeup. 
C) Steroid hormones dissolve poorly in the plasma and are transported to target cells via special protein carriers. 
D) Once these hormones enter a cell,they bind to a cytoplasmic receptor and travel as a complex to the nucleus,or they may bind to the receptor after entering the nucleus.

Question 13

You are a professor supervising first year medical students.One student is examining the adrenal gland of his cadaver."Wow!" he exclaims,"This person must have had an endocrine problem.Their adrenal gland lacks any kind of duct connecting it to the bloodstream.The hormones could only have oozed out." How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "That makes their adrenal gland similar to an exocrine organ." 
B) "Do you see signs of adrenal insufficiency,such as low fat stores or muscle degeneration?" 
C) "That's normal.The hormones ooze out and diffuse into nearby capillaries,which is why endocrine glands are sometimes called 'ductless glands'." 
D) "Look carefully and you will see the nerves that transport the hormones into the bloodstream." 
A) "That makes their adrenal gland similar to an exocrine organ." 
B) "Do you see signs of adrenal insufficiency,such as low fat stores or muscle degeneration?" 
C) "That's normal.The hormones ooze out and diffuse into nearby capillaries,which is why endocrine glands are sometimes called 'ductless glands'." 
D) "Look carefully and you will see the nerves that transport the hormones into the bloodstream."

Question 14

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested,and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

Accepted Answer

A) insulin and growth hormone 
B) thyroid hormone and steroid hormones 
C) calcitonin and insulin 
D) insulin and steroid hormones 
E) calcitonin and thyroid hormone 
A) insulin and growth hormone 
B) thyroid hormone and steroid hormones 
C) calcitonin and insulin 
D) insulin and steroid hormones 
E) calcitonin and thyroid hormone

Question 15

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) initiates stress response 
B) raises blood glucose level 
C) lowers blood glucose level 
D) stimulates bone growth 
E) inhibits loss of calcium from bone 
A) initiates stress response 
B) raises blood glucose level 
C) lowers blood glucose level 
D) stimulates bone growth 
E) inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 16

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Accepted Answer

A) adrenal cortex-aldosterone 
B) pancreas-insulin 
C) pineal gland-melatonin 
D) adrenal medulla-cortisol 
E) posterior lobe of pituitary gland-oxytocin 
A) adrenal cortex-aldosterone 
B) pancreas-insulin 
C) pineal gland-melatonin 
D) adrenal medulla-cortisol 
E) posterior lobe of pituitary gland-oxytocin

Question 17

Which of the following hormones regulates metamorphosis and molting in insects?

Accepted Answer

A) melatonin 
B) ecdysone 
C) estrogen 
D) somatostatin 
E) trypsin 
A) melatonin 
B) ecdysone 
C) estrogen 
D) somatostatin 
E) trypsin

Question 18

How could you improve your experiment?

Accepted Answer

A) Apply the hormone to mouse cell culture. 
B) Apply the hormone at a concentration of 0.5M. 
C) Hydrolyze the hormone before application. 
D) Add ATP as a cofactor. 
A) Apply the hormone to mouse cell culture. 
B) Apply the hormone at a concentration of 0.5M. 
C) Hydrolyze the hormone before application. 
D) Add ATP as a cofactor.

Question 19

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

Accepted Answer

A) It thins the blood to relieve joint pain. 
B) It inhibits cyclooxygenase-2,which is needed to produce prostaglandins. 
C) It activates cyclooxygenase-2,which then produces more prostaglandins. 
D) It down-regulates the production of substance P. 
E) It activates cyclooxygenase-2,which promotes healing of tissue. 
A) It thins the blood to relieve joint pain. 
B) It inhibits cyclooxygenase-2,which is needed to produce prostaglandins. 
C) It activates cyclooxygenase-2,which then produces more prostaglandins. 
D) It down-regulates the production of substance P. 
E) It activates cyclooxygenase-2,which promotes healing of tissue.

Question 20

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone,and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

Accepted Answer

A) Gene A - a transcription factor. 
B) Gene B - an enzyme that activates the hormone by cleaving its inactive precursor. 
C) Gene C - the hormone itself. 
D) Gene D - a kinase that acts downstream of the hormone. 
A) Gene A - a transcription factor. 
B) Gene B - an enzyme that activates the hormone by cleaving its inactive precursor. 
C) Gene C - the hormone itself. 
D) Gene D - a kinase that acts downstream of the hormone.

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

Which hormone is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas in response to hypoglycemia?

Which of the following does NOT correctly describe antidiuretic hormone?

Some intercellular regulatory molecules that exert only very local effects are called ________ regulators.

What hormone stimulates the milk-ejection reflex?

Which hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

Your friend is concerned because although she has never been pregnant,her breasts are producing milk.When she went to the doctor,he sent her to the MRI lab for a brain scan.She was too embarrassed to ask the doctor why.What do you tell her?

When the body's blood glucose level rises above normal,which of the following hormones is produced?

The use of bovine growth hormone (BGH)to increase milk yield in dairy cows is highly controversial.What other hormone is regularly added to milk,yet causes little controversy?

Which of the following features distinguishes all hormones from neurotransmitters?

Blood glucose levels must be carefully maintained within a narrow window.What endocrine organ is responsible for this task?

Which statement does NOT correctly describe hormones that can directly enter a cell?

Nonpolar hormones can pass through the intestinal cell membrane without being digested,and therefore can be taken orally.Which of the following hormones are available as pills?

What is a primary function of growth hormone?

Choose the hormone that is NOT correctly matched with the endocrine gland that secretes it.

Which of the following hormones regulates metamorphosis and molting in insects?

How could you improve your experiment?

Which is the best explanation for how ibuprofen works?

You are studying a disease caused by insufficient levels of a specific peptide hormone,and characterize mutations in several genes that can lead to the disease.Your startup company can only afford to pursue one gene product as a possible therapy.Which would you choose?

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