Question 1

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

Accepted Answer

A) the limbic system 
B) blood vessels 
C) axons 
D) the lymphatic system 
E) the hypopituitary shunt 
A) the limbic system 
B) blood vessels 
C) axons 
D) the lymphatic system 
E) the hypopituitary shunt

Question 2

At the breakfast table,your roommate says,"Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

Accepted Answer

A) "Good idea - you don't want your bones to get brittle." 
B) "Be sure not to take too much,or your blood sugar could get dangerously low." 
C) "Don't take it now - it regulates biological rhythms,and is normally high at night and low during the day." 
D) "Don't take it after a meal - it promotes the 'fight-or-flight' response,not 'rest-and-digest'." 
A) "Good idea - you don't want your bones to get brittle." 
B) "Be sure not to take too much,or your blood sugar could get dangerously low." 
C) "Don't take it now - it regulates biological rhythms,and is normally high at night and low during the day." 
D) "Don't take it after a meal - it promotes the 'fight-or-flight' response,not 'rest-and-digest'."

Question 3

A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Accepted Answer

A) It increases calcium production in the liver. 
B) It increases calcium absorption across the intestine. 
C) It increases reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney. 
D) It stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve CaPO4 crystals in bone. 
A) It increases calcium production in the liver. 
B) It increases calcium absorption across the intestine. 
C) It increases reabsorption of Ca2+ in the kidney. 
D) It stimulates osteoclasts to dissolve CaPO4 crystals in bone.

Question 5

Ultimately,the signal from a peptide hormone is typically conveyed to the effectors in the cell via the transfer of what molecular moiety?

Accepted Answer

A) nucleotide 
B) NO (nitric oxide) 
C) H2O 
D) phosphate group 
E) amino acid 
A) nucleotide 
B) NO (nitric oxide) 
C) H2O 
D) phosphate group 
E) amino acid

Question 6

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Accepted Answer

A) regulates biological rhythms 
B) mediates adaptation to long term stress 
C) stimulates bone breakdown 
D) conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine 
E) inhibits loss of calcium from bone 
A) regulates biological rhythms 
B) mediates adaptation to long term stress 
C) stimulates bone breakdown 
D) conserves water by stimulating its reabsorption from urine 
E) inhibits loss of calcium from bone

Question 7

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

Accepted Answer

A) Increased urination due to alcohol activating antiduretic hormone production. 
B) Decreased urination due to alcohol activating aldosterone production. 
C) Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
D) Decreased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
E) Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting aldosterone production. 
A) Increased urination due to alcohol activating antiduretic hormone production. 
B) Decreased urination due to alcohol activating aldosterone production. 
C) Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
D) Decreased urination due to alcohol inhibiting antidiuretic hormone production. 
E) Increased urination due to alcohol inhibiting aldosterone production.

Question 8

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy,what would result?

Accepted Answer

A) death 
B) diminished cognitive function 
C) infertility in both men and women 
D) poor blood sugar regulation 
A) death 
B) diminished cognitive function 
C) infertility in both men and women 
D) poor blood sugar regulation

Question 9

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

Accepted Answer

A) endocrine and circulatory systems 
B) respiratory and circulatory systems 
C) nervous and circulatory systems 
D) nervous and endocrine systems 
E) respiratory and nervous systems 
A) endocrine and circulatory systems 
B) respiratory and circulatory systems 
C) nervous and circulatory systems 
D) nervous and endocrine systems 
E) respiratory and nervous systems

Question 10

The islets of Langerhans located in the ________ secrete both insulin and glucagon.

Accepted Answer

A) liver 
B) pituitary 
C) thalamus 
D) kidney 
E) pancreas 
A) liver 
B) pituitary 
C) thalamus 
D) kidney 
E) pancreas

Question 11

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids)during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Accepted Answer

A) aldosterone 
B) cortisol 
C) glucagon 
D) insulin 
E) prolactin 
A) aldosterone 
B) cortisol 
C) glucagon 
D) insulin 
E) prolactin

Question 12

Large or polar hormones cannot enter a cell directly.Which of the following molecules can act as a second messenger for such hormones?

Accepted Answer

A) catecholamine 
B) cyclic AMP 
C) epinephrine 
D) norepinephrine 
E) calcitonin 
A) catecholamine 
B) cyclic AMP 
C) epinephrine 
D) norepinephrine 
E) calcitonin

Question 13

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Accepted Answer

A) Paracrine regulatory molecules include cytokines and growth factors. 
B) Nitric oxide can function either as a neurotransmitter or a paracrine regulatory molecule. 
C) Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that control blood vessel constriction and dilation. 
D) Paracrine molecules are released into the circulatory system to affect distant tissues. 
E) Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor are both paracrine regulatory molecules. 
A) Paracrine regulatory molecules include cytokines and growth factors. 
B) Nitric oxide can function either as a neurotransmitter or a paracrine regulatory molecule. 
C) Endothelin and bradykinin are paracrine molecules that control blood vessel constriction and dilation. 
D) Paracrine molecules are released into the circulatory system to affect distant tissues. 
E) Platelet-derived growth factor and insulin-like growth factor are both paracrine regulatory molecules.

Question 14

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

Accepted Answer

A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) aldosterone 
C) angiotensin II 
D) growth hormone 
E) oxytocin 
A) antidiuretic hormone 
B) aldosterone 
C) angiotensin II 
D) growth hormone 
E) oxytocin

Question 15

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

Accepted Answer

A) Endocrine glands are the target of these molecules,not the source. 
B) It does not apply to this type of molecule in plants. 
C) The molecules do not serve a regulatory role. 
D) The definition is completely correct as stated. 
A) Endocrine glands are the target of these molecules,not the source. 
B) It does not apply to this type of molecule in plants. 
C) The molecules do not serve a regulatory role. 
D) The definition is completely correct as stated.

Question 16

A ________ is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

Accepted Answer

A) metabolite 
B) hormone 
C) peptide 
D) G protein 
E) neurotransmitter 
A) metabolite 
B) hormone 
C) peptide 
D) G protein 
E) neurotransmitter

Question 17

G protein coupled receptors are a large class of receptors that bind hormones as well as other signaling molecules,neurotransmitters,and even odorants.They are a major target of pharmaceutical drugs for various disorders.Typically,the drug acts as an antagonist,blocking the binding site on the GPCR.Why is the receptor a more attractive drug target than the G protein activated downstream? (Check all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A) It is easier to target molecules from the outside of the cell membrane,because getting drugs into the cell can be difficult. 
B) Interfering with the G protein would require getting a drug across several membranes into the cell's nucleus. 
C) The "G-protein" is not really a protein but just a GTP molecules,which is too small to be a possible drug target. 
D) Since GPCRs are so widespread and perform many roles in the body,targeting G proteins used by multiple GPCRs would create side-effects beyond the targeted physiological function. 
E) Since the GPCRs bind a variety of unique ligands,their structures are varied enough to be able to create specific targeted drugs for certain pathways. 
A) It is easier to target molecules from the outside of the cell membrane,because getting drugs into the cell can be difficult. 
B) Interfering with the G protein would require getting a drug across several membranes into the cell's nucleus. 
C) The "G-protein" is not really a protein but just a GTP molecules,which is too small to be a possible drug target. 
D) Since GPCRs are so widespread and perform many roles in the body,targeting G proteins used by multiple GPCRs would create side-effects beyond the targeted physiological function. 
E) Since the GPCRs bind a variety of unique ligands,their structures are varied enough to be able to create specific targeted drugs for certain pathways.

Question 18

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A) release of hormones by the brain 
B) energy stores in bone allow for quick glucose release 
C) glucose usage by the brain is shut down when necessary 
D) the action of two antagonistic effectors 
A) release of hormones by the brain 
B) energy stores in bone allow for quick glucose release 
C) glucose usage by the brain is shut down when necessary 
D) the action of two antagonistic effectors

Question 19

Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone...

Question 20

Which is NOT an effect of the hormonal products of the adrenal medulla?

Accepted Answer

A) accelerate heartbeat 
B) stimulate synthesis of glycogen 
C) increase blood pressure 
D) reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs 
E) increase blood sugar 
A) accelerate heartbeat 
B) stimulate synthesis of glycogen 
C) increase blood pressure 
D) reduce blood flow to the skin and digestive organs 
E) increase blood sugar

Exam 44: The Endocrine System

Hormones of the posterior pituitary gland are transported to the hypothalamus by what unusual route?

At the breakfast table,your roommate says,"Oops! I forgot to take my melatonin last night.I'd better take it now." How do you respond?

A molecule can act as both a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Which of the following is NOT a function of parathyroid hormone?

Ultimately,the signal from a peptide hormone is typically conveyed to the effectors in the cell via the transfer of what molecular moiety?

What is the primary function of the hormone ADH?

Which of the following is likely to occur after drinking three alcoholic beverages?

A novel disease causes destruction of the adrenal glands.If a patient with this disease failed to receive aldosterone replacement therapy,what would result?

Which two systems in the human body are devoted exclusively to the regulation of organ function?

The islets of Langerhans located in the ________ secrete both insulin and glucagon.

Which one of the following is a glucocorticoid important in both gluconeogenesis (glucose produced from amino acids)during starvation and anti-inflammation?

Large or polar hormones cannot enter a cell directly.Which of the following molecules can act as a second messenger for such hormones?

Which statement below does NOT correctly describe paracrine regulation?

Which hormone is most similar in amino acid structure to chicken vasotocin?

A hormone is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.What is wrong with this definition?

A ________ is a regulatory molecule that is secreted into the blood by an endocrine gland.

What strategy does the body use for blood glucose homeostasis?

Is it likely that a small,hydrophilic hormone can cross the cell membrane?

Which is NOT an effect of the hormonal products of the adrenal medulla?

The Science of Biology

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