Question 1

Which of the bone development lineages is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → osteocyte → osteoblast 
B) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → fibroblast → collagen 
C) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → chondroblast → chondrocyte 
D) white blood cell progenitors → monocytes → osteoclast 
E) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → osteoblast → osteocyte 
A) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → osteocyte → osteoblast 
B) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → fibroblast → collagen 
C) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → chondroblast → chondrocyte 
D) white blood cell progenitors → monocytes → osteoclast 
E) undifferentiated mesenchymal cells → osteoblast → osteocyte

Question 2

Which of the following is required to detach myosin from actin?

Accepted Answer

A) calcium 
B) ATP 
C) phosphate 
D) troponin 
E) ADP 
A) calcium 
B) ATP 
C) phosphate 
D) troponin 
E) ADP

Question 3

The neurotransmitter released from the nerve terminus at the neuromuscular junction is ________.

Accepted Answer

A) troponin 
B) Ca2+ 
C) tropomyosin 
D) acetylcholine 
A) troponin 
B) Ca2+ 
C) tropomyosin 
D) acetylcholine

Question 4

The masseter muscles originate on your cheekbones and insert into the posterior corners of the mandible (the lower jaw bone)underneath your ears.Will contraction of the masseter muscles open or close your jaw?

Accepted Answer

A) close 
B) open 
A) close 
B) open

Question 5

In a stimulated muscle fiber,the calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to the protein ________.

Accepted Answer

A) troponin 
B) tropomyosin 
C) actin 
D) myosin 
A) troponin 
B) tropomyosin 
C) actin 
D) myosin

Question 6

In arthropods,locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against

Accepted Answer

A) each other. 
B) the exoskeleton. 
C) a hydrostatic skeleton. 
D) mineralized bones. 
E) the pseudocoel. 
A) each other. 
B) the exoskeleton. 
C) a hydrostatic skeleton. 
D) mineralized bones. 
E) the pseudocoel.

Question 7

You are investigating the scene of a hit and run where somebody's pet dog was killed.It is a very hot day so the dog's body temperature is unlikely to yield any important information regarding the time of death.The dog's limbs are movable and there is no significant smell of rotting flesh.What is the best guess of the time of death?

Accepted Answer

A) within the last 10 minutes 
B) within the last 2 hours 
C) 3-4 hours ago 
D) 24 hours ago 
A) within the last 10 minutes 
B) within the last 2 hours 
C) 3-4 hours ago 
D) 24 hours ago

Question 8

Sarin gas is an inhibitor of an enzyme that functions in the neuromuscular junction to break down acetylcholine.What is the most likely description of how a person would die after inhaling this poisonous gas?

Accepted Answer

A) by a heart attack 
B) paralysis of skeletal muscles 
C) suffocation via tetanus,or constant stimulation,of the respiratory muscles 
D) suffocation via paralysis,or a block in stimulation,of the respiratory muscles 
E) epileptic convulsions caused by disorganized electrical activity in the brain 
A) by a heart attack 
B) paralysis of skeletal muscles 
C) suffocation via tetanus,or constant stimulation,of the respiratory muscles 
D) suffocation via paralysis,or a block in stimulation,of the respiratory muscles 
E) epileptic convulsions caused by disorganized electrical activity in the brain

Question 9

What molecule contributes to the red color of slow-twitch muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

A) glycogen 
B) lactic acid 
C) ATP 
D) myoglobin 
E) fatty acids 
A) glycogen 
B) lactic acid 
C) ATP 
D) myoglobin 
E) fatty acids

Question 10

The structure enabling depolarization to travel deep into the muscle fiber is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) T tubule 
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C) motor unit 
D) sarcomere 
A) T tubule 
B) sarcoplasmic reticulum 
C) motor unit 
D) sarcomere

Question 11

Which animal does a dolphin or whale most resemble as it swims through water?

Accepted Answer

A) A running lizard 
B) A running dog 
C) A swimming shark 
D) A swimming alligator 
E) A swimming penguin 
A) A running lizard 
B) A running dog 
C) A swimming shark 
D) A swimming alligator 
E) A swimming penguin

Question 12

Myofibril contractile subunits,the sarcomeres,are bounded on each end by a disc of protein called the

Accepted Answer

A) H band. 
B) I band. 
C) A band. 
D) Z line. 
E) M line. 
A) H band. 
B) I band. 
C) A band. 
D) Z line. 
E) M line.

Question 13

Impulses conducted along the muscle fiber's transverse tubules stimulate the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm

Accepted Answer

A) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B) from the actin and myosin subunits. 
C) from the Z line. 
D) from the extracellular fluid in the neuromuscular junction. 
E) from the troponin. 
A) from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. 
B) from the actin and myosin subunits. 
C) from the Z line. 
D) from the extracellular fluid in the neuromuscular junction. 
E) from the troponin.

Question 14

A muscle fiber contracts by a sequence of events initiated by the binding of acetylcholine to its receptor.Which of the following is the correct sequence? I-The calcium-troponin complex pulls tropomyosin away from the myosin binding sites of actin.
II-The freed-sites of actin bind to myosin to form cross bridges.
III-Calcium ion binds to the troponin.

Accepted Answer

A) I,III,and II 
B) III,II,and I 
C) II,III,and I 
D) I,II,and III 
E) III,I,and II 
A) I,III,and II 
B) III,II,and I 
C) II,III,and I 
D) I,II,and III 
E) III,I,and II

Question 15

A cross bridge is the binding of which two proteins?

Accepted Answer

A) actin and myosin 
B) actin and troponin 
C) myosin and troponin 
D) collagen and troponin 
E) myosin and collagen 
A) actin and myosin 
B) actin and troponin 
C) myosin and troponin 
D) collagen and troponin 
E) myosin and collagen

Question 16

Which of the following is the smallest unit in terms of size?

Accepted Answer

A) quadriceps 
B) myofibril 
C) muscle fiber 
D) sarcomere 
E) myofilaments 
A) quadriceps 
B) myofibril 
C) muscle fiber 
D) sarcomere 
E) myofilaments

Question 17

Imagine an earthworm that has no chaetae.How would the lack of chaetae affect movement of the earthworm?

Accepted Answer

A) The earthworm would not be able to move at all. 
B) The earthworm would only be able to extend its body segments. 
C) The earthworm would only be able to shorten its body segments. 
D) The earthworm would have difficulty changing locations,since it cannot anchor itself in the soil. 
E) The earthworm would be much flatter than normal since it has no hydrostatic skeleton. 
A) The earthworm would not be able to move at all. 
B) The earthworm would only be able to extend its body segments. 
C) The earthworm would only be able to shorten its body segments. 
D) The earthworm would have difficulty changing locations,since it cannot anchor itself in the soil. 
E) The earthworm would be much flatter than normal since it has no hydrostatic skeleton.

Exam 45: The Musculoskeletal System

Which of the bone development lineages is incorrect?

Which of the following is required to detach myosin from actin?

The neurotransmitter released from the nerve terminus at the neuromuscular junction is ________.

The masseter muscles originate on your cheekbones and insert into the posterior corners of the mandible (the lower jaw bone)underneath your ears.Will contraction of the masseter muscles open or close your jaw?

In a stimulated muscle fiber,the calcium ions released by the sarcoplasmic reticulum bind to the protein ________.

In arthropods,locomotion is accomplished by muscles that work against

Sarin gas is an inhibitor of an enzyme that functions in the neuromuscular junction to break down acetylcholine.What is the most likely description of how a person would die after inhaling this poisonous gas?

What molecule contributes to the red color of slow-twitch muscle fibers?

The structure enabling depolarization to travel deep into the muscle fiber is the ________.

Which animal does a dolphin or whale most resemble as it swims through water?

Myofibril contractile subunits,the sarcomeres,are bounded on each end by a disc of protein called the

Impulses conducted along the muscle fiber's transverse tubules stimulate the release of calcium ions into the cytoplasm

A cross bridge is the binding of which two proteins?

Which of the following is the smallest unit in terms of size?

Imagine an earthworm that has no chaetae.How would the lack of chaetae affect movement of the earthworm?

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