Question 1

Why doesn't the stomach acid just digest right through the wall of the stomach?

Accepted Answer

A) It does,we just rebuild the layers faster than they can be digested. 
B) Neutralizers are imbedded in the stomach lining. 
C) The pH of the stomach acid is not low enough to be able to digest the lining. 
D) Food prevents the acid from digesting the wall of the stomach. 
E) The lining of the stomach is protected by mucus. 
A) It does,we just rebuild the layers faster than they can be digested. 
B) Neutralizers are imbedded in the stomach lining. 
C) The pH of the stomach acid is not low enough to be able to digest the lining. 
D) Food prevents the acid from digesting the wall of the stomach. 
E) The lining of the stomach is protected by mucus.

Question 2

In what way are vitamins and essential amino acids similar in human metabolism?

Accepted Answer

A) They are derived from the same precursor molecules. 
B) Both are integral parts of membrane lipids. 
C) They cannot be synthesized and must be ingested. 
D) Both are needed to synthesize steroid hormones. 
E) Both contain metal ions. 
A) They are derived from the same precursor molecules. 
B) Both are integral parts of membrane lipids. 
C) They cannot be synthesized and must be ingested. 
D) Both are needed to synthesize steroid hormones. 
E) Both contain metal ions.

Question 3

Three-year old Ben's parents are ecstatic because he is now using the potty each time he needs to defecate.What muscle has Ben learned to control?

Accepted Answer

A) the cardiac sphincter made of striated muscle 
B) the internal anal sphincter made of smooth muscle 
C) the pyloric sphincter made of smooth muscle 
D) the external anal sphincter made of striated muscle 
E) the Sphincter of oddi made of smooth muscle 
A) the cardiac sphincter made of striated muscle 
B) the internal anal sphincter made of smooth muscle 
C) the pyloric sphincter made of smooth muscle 
D) the external anal sphincter made of striated muscle 
E) the Sphincter of oddi made of smooth muscle

Question 4

A drop to pH 4.0 in the duodenum would primarily stimulate the release of ________.

Accepted Answer

A) cholecystokinin 
B) gastrin 
C) insulin 
D) pepsin 
E) secretin 
A) cholecystokinin 
B) gastrin 
C) insulin 
D) pepsin 
E) secretin

Question 5

After not eating for three days,________ levels will be high.

Accepted Answer

A) insulin 
B) glycogen 
C) glucagon 
D) blood glucose 
E) pancreatic enzymes 
A) insulin 
B) glycogen 
C) glucagon 
D) blood glucose 
E) pancreatic enzymes

Question 6

Food moved to the back of the mouth by the tongue causes all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) elevation of the soft palate to seal off the nasal cavity. 
B) churning of the stomach contents. 
C) covering the opening of the larynx by the epiglottis. 
D) pressure against the pharynx to initiate swallowing. 
E) the swallowing center stimulates successive waves of muscle contraction in the esophagus. 
A) elevation of the soft palate to seal off the nasal cavity. 
B) churning of the stomach contents. 
C) covering the opening of the larynx by the epiglottis. 
D) pressure against the pharynx to initiate swallowing. 
E) the swallowing center stimulates successive waves of muscle contraction in the esophagus.

Question 7

The pancreas is an important accessory organ of the digestive system because it adds all of the following substances to the small intestine except

Accepted Answer

A) lipase. 
B) trypsin,chymotrypsin. 
C) DNase,RNase. 
D) lactase. 
E) bicarbonate. 
A) lipase. 
B) trypsin,chymotrypsin. 
C) DNase,RNase. 
D) lactase. 
E) bicarbonate.

Question 8

The products of fat digestion in the small intestine are reassembled into triglycerides by the intestinal epithelium,before combining them with proteins to form ________.

Accepted Answer

A) chylomicrons 
B) chyme 
C) vesicles 
D) bile 
E) cholesterol 
A) chylomicrons 
B) chyme 
C) vesicles 
D) bile 
E) cholesterol

Question 9

Jane and Tom are worried about their newborn baby who has just begun to nurse,but chokes and turns blue whenever she is fed.Their baby most likely has a defect in her ________.

Accepted Answer

A) tongue muscles 
B) soft palate 
C) muscle in the upper-third of her esophagus 
D) epiglottis 
E) muscle in the lower two-thirds of her esophagus 
A) tongue muscles 
B) soft palate 
C) muscle in the upper-third of her esophagus 
D) epiglottis 
E) muscle in the lower two-thirds of her esophagus

Question 10

Gluten-free food options are becoming more and more common place due to the increased incidence and awareness of celiac disease in the US population.If a person with this disease eats foods containing gluten,the immune system responds by attacking and damaging or destroying his/her own villi.What digestive symptom would NOT be consistent with greatly-reduced numbers of villi?

Accepted Answer

A) abdominal bloating and pain 
B) chronic diarrhea 
C) fatty stools 
D) weight loss 
E) peptic ulcer 
A) abdominal bloating and pain 
B) chronic diarrhea 
C) fatty stools 
D) weight loss 
E) peptic ulcer

Question 11

Langur monkeys and ruminants (such as cows)are the only known mammals in which lysozyme functions in the stomach instead of in tears and saliva.The cow/langur enzyme also has five amino acid changes that are not present in other mammals.What is most likely to be true about lysozyme from langurs and cows compared to lysozyme from other mammals?

Accepted Answer

A) Salivary and tear lysozyme functions best at a higher H+ ion concentration than the cow/langur enzyme. 
B) The five amino acids that langurs and cows have in common in their lysozyme were present in the common ancestor of all mammals. 
C) These five amino acid changes alter the specificity of the enzyme,such that the cow/langur lysozyme attacks viruses instead of bacteria. 
D) These five amino acid changes somehow make the cow/langur lysozyme resistant to pepsin digestion. 
A) Salivary and tear lysozyme functions best at a higher H+ ion concentration than the cow/langur enzyme. 
B) The five amino acids that langurs and cows have in common in their lysozyme were present in the common ancestor of all mammals. 
C) These five amino acid changes alter the specificity of the enzyme,such that the cow/langur lysozyme attacks viruses instead of bacteria. 
D) These five amino acid changes somehow make the cow/langur lysozyme resistant to pepsin digestion.

Question 12

The vertebrate digestive system consists of

Accepted Answer

A) a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs. 
B) a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus. 
C) a tube with a single opening that serves as mouth and anus. 
D) a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs. 
E) a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and no accessory organs. 
A) a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs. 
B) a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus. 
C) a tube with a single opening that serves as mouth and anus. 
D) a two-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and accessory organs. 
E) a one-way tube with a separate mouth and anus and no accessory organs.

Question 13

Scientists in Switzerland compared the total surface area of the small intestine in different species of bats.When the calculations were done as if the inner mucosal surface was smooth,the average inner surface area of the intestinal tube was 9.1 cm2 in one species.The mucosal surface area increased to 48 cm2 when the villi were factored in and reached a total of 0.13 m2 after adding in the membrane surface area of the microvilli.Approximately what percent of the total surface area of the small intestine in these bats can be attributed to the membrane surface area of the microvilli?

Accepted Answer

A) 12% 
B) 28% 
C) 55% 
D) 78% 
E) 96% 
A) 12% 
B) 28% 
C) 55% 
D) 78% 
E) 96%

Question 14

The liver produces ________ that functions in emulsification of fats.

Accepted Answer

A) trypsin 
B) glucagon 
C) insulin 
D) bile 
E) secretin 
A) trypsin 
B) glucagon 
C) insulin 
D) bile 
E) secretin

Question 15

Since the hepatic portal vein empties into the liver,it is able to control the amount of ________ in the blood.

Accepted Answer

A) alcohol and drugs 
B) toxins,pesticides,and carcinogens 
C) glucose 
D) glucose,alcohol,and drugs 
E) glucose,alcohol,drugs,toxins,pesticides,and carcinogens 
A) alcohol and drugs 
B) toxins,pesticides,and carcinogens 
C) glucose 
D) glucose,alcohol,and drugs 
E) glucose,alcohol,drugs,toxins,pesticides,and carcinogens

Question 16

A baby is born without the ability to make parietal cells.This baby would not be able to ________.

Accepted Answer

A) emulsify fats 
B) digest lactose 
C) absorb glucose and galactose 
D) digest fats 
E) denature (unfold)milk proteins 
A) emulsify fats 
B) digest lactose 
C) absorb glucose and galactose 
D) digest fats 
E) denature (unfold)milk proteins

Question 17

An animal with a gastrointestinal tract is the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) sponge 
B) hydra 
C) planarian 
D) earthworm 
E) jellyfish 
A) sponge 
B) hydra 
C) planarian 
D) earthworm 
E) jellyfish

Question 18

The rate at which an animal consumes energy at rest is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) the basal metabolic rate 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis 
D) rumination 
E) fermentation 
A) the basal metabolic rate 
B) gluconeogenesis 
C) glycogenolysis 
D) rumination 
E) fermentation

Question 19

The gastrointestinal tract does not include the ________.

Accepted Answer

A) mouth 
B) larynx 
C) esophagus 
D) stomach 
E) small intestine 
A) mouth 
B) larynx 
C) esophagus 
D) stomach 
E) small intestine

Exam 46: The Digestive System

Why doesn't the stomach acid just digest right through the wall of the stomach?

In what way are vitamins and essential amino acids similar in human metabolism?

Three-year old Ben's parents are ecstatic because he is now using the potty each time he needs to defecate.What muscle has Ben learned to control?

A drop to pH 4.0 in the duodenum would primarily stimulate the release of ________.

After not eating for three days,________ levels will be high.

Food moved to the back of the mouth by the tongue causes all of the following EXCEPT

The pancreas is an important accessory organ of the digestive system because it adds all of the following substances to the small intestine except

The products of fat digestion in the small intestine are reassembled into triglycerides by the intestinal epithelium,before combining them with proteins to form ________.

Jane and Tom are worried about their newborn baby who has just begun to nurse,but chokes and turns blue whenever she is fed.Their baby most likely has a defect in her ________.

The vertebrate digestive system consists of

The liver produces ________ that functions in emulsification of fats.

Since the hepatic portal vein empties into the liver,it is able to control the amount of ________ in the blood.

A baby is born without the ability to make parietal cells.This baby would not be able to ________.

An animal with a gastrointestinal tract is the ________.

The rate at which an animal consumes energy at rest is called ________.

The gastrointestinal tract does not include the ________.

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

The Reproductive System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

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