Exam 47: The Respiratory System

Major evolutionary changes have resulted in anatomical and physiological adaptations that optimize the rate of gas exchange in animals by each of these factors except ________.

Tom is choking on a piece of steak that is stuck in his trachea,and he signals for his young son to call 911.It takes the paramedics four minutes to reach his house.Will this be in time to save Tom (and why),or will Tom already be dead (and why)?

Soft-shelled turtles can remain submerged underwater for several hours without ventilating their lungs because ________.

Protruding papulae on the surface of echinoderms improve respiratory efficiency by ________.

What respiratory adaptation was important for the invasion of land by arthropods?

Where a given species of vertebrate lives has dramatically shaped the evolution of respiratory adaptations,particularly since the oxygen concentration in air is approximately 20 times that of the oxygen concentration in water.Per unit area of gas exchange surface,which group of vertebrates can extract the greatest total amount of oxygen from the external medium?

What is the order of structures or spaces that a surgeon will pass through to operate on a human lung?

The large number of alveoli in lungs improve gas exchange by ________.

Every winter,many individuals tragically die in their sleep due to faulty heaters that leak carbon monoxide (CO)during the night.How does CO poisoning lead to death?

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion of a gas across a membrane depends on all of the following except

Which part of a hemoglobin molecule binds to a molecule of O₂?

During your dissection of a fish,what structure would you have to remove to see the gills?

When is the P_O2 an especially strong stimulant of the respiratory control center in the brain of healthy individuals?

Air enters human lungs from the mouth by passing through the ________.