Exam 47: The Respiratory System

In the future,it may be possible to screen for a number of different types of cancer by a simple blood test.If a blood test indicates a very early stage of lung cancer,where is the most likely place that the tumor will be growing?

Most simple invertebrates obtain their oxygen by diffusion directly from the surrounding

The general term that describes the uptake of oxygen from the environment and the disposal of carbon dioxide at the body system level is

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood?

One possible reason that there are not any really large insects currently living on Earth is that

Chemoreceptors located in the aortic and carotid bodies stimulate the respiratory control center in the brain when the blood ________ decreases.

The respiratory systems of fish and birds are similar in that both________.

During an asthma attack,allergens trigger the release of histamine,which causes severe constriction of the ________.

The North American pronghorn antelope can run almost as fast as a cheetah,but unlike the cheetah,can also sustain speeds of 30-40 mph for miles.The pronghorn is about the size of a large,domestic goat.You would predict the antelope to have a ________ than the goat.

The external gills of an adult axolotl are not as efficient as fish gills because________.

In the above graph,what does the A represent?

The exchange of gases across a respiratory surface always occurs by

The large number of alveoli in mammalian lungs,the numerous lamellae in fish gills,the papulae of echinoderms,and the extensive tracheal system of insects are all adaptations that optimize what factor in the formula for Fick's Law of Diffusion?

Imagine that you have been transported light years away to another planet with water-filled oceans.This distant planet has a barometric pressure of 1,000 mm Hg at sea level and air that contains 15 percent O₂.Would you take in much more oxygen,much less oxygen,or about the same amount of oxygen per breath on this planet as you would on Earth?

Most phyla of aquatic invertebrates have improved the rate of gas exchange by creating a water current over their respiratory surfaces,thereby ________.

Four-year old Sammy is having a temper-tantrum.In a final attempt to get his way,he yells to his mom,"I'm gonna hold my breath 'til I die!" What is the primary reason that Sammy's mom is unconcerned by this statement?

In the above graph,curve ________ is most likely the oxygen-binding curve for normal adult human hemoglobin,curve ________ is most likely that of llama hemoglobin (from a llama population that has lived in the mountains of Peru for thousands of years),and curve ________ is most likely that of myoglobin.

What is the likely outcome if you were able to force water through fish gills in the opposite direction to how it normally flows over the gills?

Humans cannot survive long at altitudes greater than 6000 m because ________.

Fish and crustaceans are similar in that both use ________ for gas exchange.