Question 1

Choose the correct statement regarding estrous and menstrual cycles.

Accepted Answer

A) Animals with estrous cycles are sexually receptive only when they are ovulating. 
B) Menstrual cycles are longer than estrous cycles. 
C) Copulation can only occur during ovulation in the menstrual cycle. 
D) The lining of the uterus is shed during menstruation and estrous. 
E) Ovulation only occurs in animals with a menstrual cycle. 
A) Animals with estrous cycles are sexually receptive only when they are ovulating. 
B) Menstrual cycles are longer than estrous cycles. 
C) Copulation can only occur during ovulation in the menstrual cycle. 
D) The lining of the uterus is shed during menstruation and estrous. 
E) Ovulation only occurs in animals with a menstrual cycle.

Question 2

What kind of oocyte is released from the ovary at ovulation?

Accepted Answer

A) primary 
B) germinal 
C) secondary 
D) ovum 
A) primary 
B) germinal 
C) secondary 
D) ovum

Question 3

Where does normal fertilization of an egg by a sperm in a human female occur?

Accepted Answer

A) at the ovary upon ovulation 
B) in the uterus after the egg has implanted 
C) in the uterus before the egg has implanted 
D) near the cervix before the egg leaves the female 
E) in the Fallopian tube 
A) at the ovary upon ovulation 
B) in the uterus after the egg has implanted 
C) in the uterus before the egg has implanted 
D) near the cervix before the egg leaves the female 
E) in the Fallopian tube

Question 4

What is the term for organisms in which internally-fertilized eggs are laid to develop and hatch outside the mother's body?

Accepted Answer

A) placental 
B) viviparous 
C) oviparous 
D) marsupial 
E) ovoviviparous 
A) placental 
B) viviparous 
C) oviparous 
D) marsupial 
E) ovoviviparous

Question 5

You notice that in your aquarium,previously full of undoubtedly male fish,one is laying eggs.Upon a bit of research,you find out that the species of fish you purchased is a sequential hermaphrodite.Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) One of the male fish underwent protandry and became a female. 
B) One of the male fish fertilized its own eggs. 
C) Since the fish are hermaphrodites,one of the male fish laid eggs and another will likely fertilize them. 
D) The fish have parthenogenesis,therefore their eggs do not have to be fertilized to be viable. 
E) The fish have protogyny,which allows the males to lay eggs. 
A) One of the male fish underwent protandry and became a female. 
B) One of the male fish fertilized its own eggs. 
C) Since the fish are hermaphrodites,one of the male fish laid eggs and another will likely fertilize them. 
D) The fish have parthenogenesis,therefore their eggs do not have to be fertilized to be viable. 
E) The fish have protogyny,which allows the males to lay eggs.

Question 6

What is the most commonly employed form of birth control in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) abstinence 
B) prevention of ovulation by hormonal inhibition 
C) sperm blockage with condoms 
D) sterilization 
E) prevention of embryo implantation with IUD 
A) abstinence 
B) prevention of ovulation by hormonal inhibition 
C) sperm blockage with condoms 
D) sterilization 
E) prevention of embryo implantation with IUD

Question 7

What initiates the monthly preparation of the uterus for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

A) Estradiol 
B) Testosterone 
C) Progesterone 
D) Prolactin 
E) Oxytocin 
A) Estradiol 
B) Testosterone 
C) Progesterone 
D) Prolactin 
E) Oxytocin

Question 8

You have discovered a new invertebrate species that is slow-moving and widely dispersed.What might you predict about its reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

A) Males are likely to be smaller than females. 
B) Females are likely to be smaller than males. 
C) It is likely to use internal fertilization and brood care. 
D) It is likely to be hermaphroditic. 
A) Males are likely to be smaller than females. 
B) Females are likely to be smaller than males. 
C) It is likely to use internal fertilization and brood care. 
D) It is likely to be hermaphroditic.

Question 9

What caused intense selective pressure for terrestrial vertebrates to evolve internal fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A) The eggs are too small for the males to find and fertilize. 
B) The gametes could not be released next to each other,as they would soon dry up. 
C) There is no mechanism for eggs and sperm to find one another. 
D) Terrestrial organisms only produce small quantities of gametes. 
E) Gametes and zygotes are vulnerable to predators. 
A) The eggs are too small for the males to find and fertilize. 
B) The gametes could not be released next to each other,as they would soon dry up. 
C) There is no mechanism for eggs and sperm to find one another. 
D) Terrestrial organisms only produce small quantities of gametes. 
E) Gametes and zygotes are vulnerable to predators.

Question 10

With help from fertility specialists,a woman with very low follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels finally conceives a son.If her genetic condition is from a dominant allele and is passed on to her son,what is the likely result?

Accepted Answer

A) He may have fertility problems as well. 
B) He is likely to have more sons than daughters. 
C) He will be fine,but his daughters will have a 50% chance of fertility problems. 
D) As a male,he will neither express nor pass on these genes. 
A) He may have fertility problems as well. 
B) He is likely to have more sons than daughters. 
C) He will be fine,but his daughters will have a 50% chance of fertility problems. 
D) As a male,he will neither express nor pass on these genes.

Question 11

What is the primary means of reproduction among the protists,cnidaria,and tunicates?

Accepted Answer

A) asexual reproduction 
B) sexual reproduction 
C) asynchronous reproduction 
D) hermaphroditic reproduction 
A) asexual reproduction 
B) sexual reproduction 
C) asynchronous reproduction 
D) hermaphroditic reproduction

Question 12

What hormone is tested for in pregnancy tests?

Accepted Answer

A) estrogen hormone 
B) luteinizing hormone 
C) follicle stimulation hormone 
D) progesterone hormone 
E) hCG hormone 
A) estrogen hormone 
B) luteinizing hormone 
C) follicle stimulation hormone 
D) progesterone hormone 
E) hCG hormone

Question 13

What cause of infertility happens to nearly every woman at some point?

Accepted Answer

A) idiopathic infertility 
B) pelvic inflammatory disease (PI
D)  
C) endometriosis 
D) luteal phase defect 
E) aging 
A) idiopathic infertility 
B) pelvic inflammatory disease (PI
D)  
C) endometriosis 
D) luteal phase defect 
E) aging

Question 14

What mammals retain their young for a long period of development within the mother's uterus?

Accepted Answer

A) monotremes 
B) placentals 
C) marsupials 
D) no mammals retain their young within the female 
A) monotremes 
B) placentals 
C) marsupials 
D) no mammals retain their young within the female

Question 15

An extremely rare occurrence in humans is a multiple pregnancy with the embryos at different stages due to fertilization weeks apart.What mechanism normally prevents this from happening?

Accepted Answer

A) The embryo's secretion of FSH and LH maintains the corpus luteum,keeping estradiol and progesterone high until the placenta takes over secretion of these hormones. 
B) The embryo's secretion of GnRH maintains the corpus luteum,keeping FSH and LH high until the placenta takes over secretion of these hormones. 
C) The embryo's secretion of hCG maintains the corpus luteum,keeping estradiol and progesterone high until the placenta takes over secretion of these hormones. 
D) The follicle's secretion of polar bodies maintains the fimbriae,keeping estradiol and progesterone high until the fallopian tube takes over secretion of these hormones. 
A) The embryo's secretion of FSH and LH maintains the corpus luteum,keeping estradiol and progesterone high until the placenta takes over secretion of these hormones. 
B) The embryo's secretion of GnRH maintains the corpus luteum,keeping FSH and LH high until the placenta takes over secretion of these hormones. 
C) The embryo's secretion of hCG maintains the corpus luteum,keeping estradiol and progesterone high until the placenta takes over secretion of these hormones. 
D) The follicle's secretion of polar bodies maintains the fimbriae,keeping estradiol and progesterone high until the fallopian tube takes over secretion of these hormones.

Question 16

What was the most important adaptation of the reptiles and birds to life on land?

Accepted Answer

A) the shelled egg 
B) the amniotic egg 
C) the external egg 
D) the impermeable egg 
A) the shelled egg 
B) the amniotic egg 
C) the external egg 
D) the impermeable egg

Question 17

Sea turtles are endangered,in part because of human encroachment on the beaches where they lay eggs.You are working with a team to help protect turtle nests and hatchlings from curious beachgoers.Someone suggests putting a fabric dome over each nest to keep people away.What is your response?

Accepted Answer

A) "That will have several benefits,including protecting the nests from rough weather and hurricanes." 
B) "That would create a new problem if it blocked the females,since the females sit on the nests to keep them warm." 
C) "That might create a new problem.Sea turtles use temperature-dependent sex determination,and lowering the temperature of the nest will likely change the sex ratio of the hatchlings." 
D) "That would create a new problem if it blocked the males.The males have to be able to dig into the nest to fertilize the eggs." 
A) "That will have several benefits,including protecting the nests from rough weather and hurricanes." 
B) "That would create a new problem if it blocked the females,since the females sit on the nests to keep them warm." 
C) "That might create a new problem.Sea turtles use temperature-dependent sex determination,and lowering the temperature of the nest will likely change the sex ratio of the hatchlings." 
D) "That would create a new problem if it blocked the males.The males have to be able to dig into the nest to fertilize the eggs."

Question 18

Select the correct pair of statements about FSH and LH function.

Accepted Answer

A) In males,FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. In females,FSH stimulates growth of follicles and LH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
B) In males,FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. In females,FSH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum and LH stimulates growth of follicles. 
C) In males,FSH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone and LH stimulates spermatogenesis. In females,FSH stimulates growth of follicles and LH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
D) In males,FSH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone and LH stimulates spermatogenesis. In females,FSH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum and LH stimulates growth of follicles. 
A) In males,FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. In females,FSH stimulates growth of follicles and LH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
B) In males,FSH stimulates spermatogenesis and LH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone. In females,FSH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum and LH stimulates growth of follicles. 
C) In males,FSH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone and LH stimulates spermatogenesis. In females,FSH stimulates growth of follicles and LH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. 
D) In males,FSH stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone and LH stimulates spermatogenesis. In females,FSH stimulates ovulation and development of the corpus luteum and LH stimulates growth of follicles.

Question 19

You are doing veterinary research on dog hormones.In your set of blood samples,you have one male dog with abnormally high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.What do you suspect may be the explanation for this outlier?

Accepted Answer

A) The dog had been neutered. 
B) The dog was a female,not a male. 
C) The dog had its pituitary gland removed. 
D) The dog had a hypothalamic problem causing low levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). 
A) The dog had been neutered. 
B) The dog was a female,not a male. 
C) The dog had its pituitary gland removed. 
D) The dog had a hypothalamic problem causing low levels of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH).

Question 20

What stimulates spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A) Estradiol 
B) FSH 
C) LH 
D) Testosterone 
E) Progesterone 
A) Estradiol 
B) FSH 
C) LH 
D) Testosterone 
E) Progesterone

Exam 51: The Reproductive System

Choose the correct statement regarding estrous and menstrual cycles.

What kind of oocyte is released from the ovary at ovulation?

Where does normal fertilization of an egg by a sperm in a human female occur?

What is the term for organisms in which internally-fertilized eggs are laid to develop and hatch outside the mother's body?

You notice that in your aquarium,previously full of undoubtedly male fish,one is laying eggs.Upon a bit of research,you find out that the species of fish you purchased is a sequential hermaphrodite.Which of the following is true?

What is the most commonly employed form of birth control in the United States?

What initiates the monthly preparation of the uterus for pregnancy?

You have discovered a new invertebrate species that is slow-moving and widely dispersed.What might you predict about its reproductive system?

What caused intense selective pressure for terrestrial vertebrates to evolve internal fertilization?

With help from fertility specialists,a woman with very low follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels finally conceives a son.If her genetic condition is from a dominant allele and is passed on to her son,what is the likely result?

What is the primary means of reproduction among the protists,cnidaria,and tunicates?

What hormone is tested for in pregnancy tests?

What cause of infertility happens to nearly every woman at some point?

What mammals retain their young for a long period of development within the mother's uterus?

An extremely rare occurrence in humans is a multiple pregnancy with the embryos at different stages due to fertilization weeks apart.What mechanism normally prevents this from happening?

What was the most important adaptation of the reptiles and birds to life on land?

Sea turtles are endangered,in part because of human encroachment on the beaches where they lay eggs.You are working with a team to help protect turtle nests and hatchlings from curious beachgoers.Someone suggests putting a fabric dome over each nest to keep people away.What is your response?

Select the correct pair of statements about FSH and LH function.

You are doing veterinary research on dog hormones.In your set of blood samples,you have one male dog with abnormally high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone.What do you suspect may be the explanation for this outlier?

What stimulates spermatogenesis?

The Science of Biology

The Nature of Molecules and the Properties of Water

The Chemical Building Blocks of Life

Cell Structure

Membranes

Energy and Metabolism

How Cells Harvest Energy

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

How Cells Divide

Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis

Patterns of Inheritance

Chromosomes, mapping, and the Meiosisinheritance Connection

Dna: the Genetic Material

Genes and How They Work

Control of Gene Expression

Biotechnology

Genomics

Cellular Mechanisms of Development

Genes Within Populations

The Evidence for Evolution

The Origin of Species

Systematics,phylogenies,and Comparative Biology

Genome Evolution

The Origin and Diversity of Life

Viruses

Prokaryotes

Protists

Seedless Plants

Seed Plants

Fungi

Animal Diversity and the Evolution of Body Plans

Protostomes

Deuterostomes

Plant Form

Transport in Plants

Plant Nutrition and Soils

Plant Defense Responses

Sensory Systems in Plants

Plant Reproduction

The Animal Body and Principles of Regulation

The Nervous System

Sensory Systems

The Endocrine System

The Musculoskeletal System

The Digestive System

The Respiratory System

The Circulatory System

Osmotic Regulation and the Urinary System

The Immune System

Animal Development

Behavioral Biology

Ecology of Individuals and Populations

Community Ecology

Dynamics of Ecosystems

The Biosphere and Human Impacts

Conservation Biology

Filters