Exam 2: The Chemical Level of Organization

The atomic number of an atom is determined by the

How many electrons do most atoms need in their second outer shell in order to be stable?

If two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms, what type of bond occurs?

Reactions that ultimately result in larger molecules formed from smaller ones are called ________ reactions.

Prions are infectious proteins within cells that cause normal proteins to misfold and clump together. Prions can occur as a result of a mutation or ingestion, e.g., Mad Cow disease (eating infectious beef from an animal with the disease). Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and scrapie are prion diseases in both animals and humans. The diseases are progressive, have no cure, and end in death. Using your chemistry knowledge, explain the devastating effects of these diseases.

ATP is most closely related to

When two monosaccharides undergo a dehydration synthesis,

During ionization, water molecules disrupt the ionic bonds of a solute, resulting in a mixture of ions that can conduct an electrical current in solution. These ions are called

A molecule containing two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen in combination is called a(n)

An element has 6 electrons, 6 protons, and 6 neutrons. What will be the mass number of that element?

A fatty acid that contains only single covalent bonds in its carbon chain is said to be

Phospholipids consist of ________ linked to a non-lipid group by a phosphate group.

Chlorine atoms have seven electrons in the outermost shell. As a result, one would expect chlorine to form ions with a charge of

A chemical that you are working with has the elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. In addition, ribose sugar is within its structure. What kind of compound is this molecule?

Chemical reactions that release energy are categorized as

Which is the mechanism of enzyme functioning?

Ions with a positive charge are called

Some proteins, like hemoglobin or antibody molecules, require multiple polypeptide chains to come together to act as a single protein. If the association among the different polypeptide chains is blocked, the ________ structure of the protein is destroyed.

Which of the following is inorganic?

According to the rules of complementary base pairing, a nucleotide containing the base cytosine would only pair with a nucleotide containing the base