Question 1

Mount Pelee on the Island of Martinique erupted in the early 20th century. Why is this eruption famous?

Accepted Answer

A)  It produced a major lateral blast that leveled a city, killing many people. 
B)  It was the first caldera forming eruption observed by modern scientists. 
C)  The volcano produced a pyroclastic flow that swept down the mountain, killing thousands of people. 
D)  It was a small cinder cone on an island that erupted in a sugar cane field. 
A)  It produced a major lateral blast that leveled a city, killing many people. 
B)  It was the first caldera forming eruption observed by modern scientists. 
C)  The volcano produced a pyroclastic flow that swept down the mountain, killing thousands of people. 
D)  It was a small cinder cone on an island that erupted in a sugar cane field.

Question 2

Cinder cones _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  consist largely of pyroclastics 
B)  are usually less than 300 meters 1000 feet. high 
C)  have very steep slopes 
D)  All of these are correct statements about cinder cones. 
A)  consist largely of pyroclastics 
B)  are usually less than 300 meters 1000 feet. high 
C)  have very steep slopes 
D)  All of these are correct statements about cinder cones.

Question 3

Which of the following types of magma is normally at the lowest temperature during an eruption?

Accepted Answer

A)  They consist mostly of gases, which can cool and descend. 
B)  They are mostly liquid lava flows being lifted by updrafts. 
C)  They are propelled by the eruption, as in the case of Pompeii. 
D)  They are mostly large pyroclastics and these cannot be supported by rising air. 
A)  They consist mostly of gases, which can cool and descend. 
B)  They are mostly liquid lava flows being lifted by updrafts. 
C)  They are propelled by the eruption, as in the case of Pompeii. 
D)  They are mostly large pyroclastics and these cannot be supported by rising air.

Question 4

Observe the photograph of an entire forest of trees knocked down on Mt. St. Helens. By contrast this is not the case on Kilauea.   Why were so many trees knocked down during the Mt. St. Helens eruption while that was not true o Kilauea volcano?

Accepted Answer

A)  The force of the blast at Kilauea vaporized all the trees, as Hawaiian volcanoes are significantly more powerful than Mt. St. Helens. 
B)  The force of the blast from Mt. St. Helens caused the trees to be knocked over, while the Kilauea volcano was much less violent. 
C)  The difference is that Mt. St. Helens produced a lot more ash, and the weight of the ash caused the trees to topple over after a few days. 
D)  Every volcanic eruption knocks down trees. There are no trees in Hawaii but there trees are near Mt. St. Helens, so that explains the difference. 
A)  The force of the blast at Kilauea vaporized all the trees, as Hawaiian volcanoes are significantly more powerful than Mt. St. Helens. 
B)  The force of the blast from Mt. St. Helens caused the trees to be knocked over, while the Kilauea volcano was much less violent. 
C)  The difference is that Mt. St. Helens produced a lot more ash, and the weight of the ash caused the trees to topple over after a few days. 
D)  Every volcanic eruption knocks down trees. There are no trees in Hawaii but there trees are near Mt. St. Helens, so that explains the difference.

Question 5

Which of the following is emplaced over millions of years to form a composite intrusive complex?

Accepted Answer

A)  batholith 
B)  laccolith 
C)  sill 
D)  dike 
A)  batholith 
B)  laccolith 
C)  sill 
D)  dike

Question 6

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the melting process in the earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

A)  Melting of rocks is incomplete with partial melts extracted as magma and solid residues left behind. 
B)  Upwelling flow in the earth's interior brings higher temperature rocks toward the surface and contributes to decompression melting. 
C)  The earth's mantle is entirely molten. 
D)  Addition of water commonly contributes to production of magma. 
A)  Melting of rocks is incomplete with partial melts extracted as magma and solid residues left behind. 
B)  Upwelling flow in the earth's interior brings higher temperature rocks toward the surface and contributes to decompression melting. 
C)  The earth's mantle is entirely molten. 
D)  Addition of water commonly contributes to production of magma.

Question 7

Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?

Accepted Answer

A)  aa 
B)  pahoehoe 
C)  scoria 
D)  pegmatitic 
A)  aa 
B)  pahoehoe 
C)  scoria 
D)  pegmatitic

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the bedrock in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California?

Accepted Answer

A)  Batholiths crystallize at the surface, so they are simply still in place. 
B)  Batholiths crystallize below the surface but were later exposed by way of erosion of overlying material. 
C)  The batholiths were washed downhill from distant mountains and deposited here. 
D)  Batholiths crystallize below the surface but then flow upwards towards the surface. 
A)  Batholiths crystallize at the surface, so they are simply still in place. 
B)  Batholiths crystallize below the surface but were later exposed by way of erosion of overlying material. 
C)  The batholiths were washed downhill from distant mountains and deposited here. 
D)  Batholiths crystallize below the surface but then flow upwards towards the surface.

Question 9

If you are in the path of a pyroclastic flow or a lahar. How much time would you have to escape?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plenty of time. Such materials move slowly. 
B)  Not much time at all on either foot or by car. 
C)  Enough time in a car, but not enough on foot. 
A)  Plenty of time. Such materials move slowly. 
B)  Not much time at all on either foot or by car. 
C)  Enough time in a car, but not enough on foot.

Question 10

Match the letter on the figure with the term.
  
-Identify what letter C represents in the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A)  bomb 
B)  lava flow 
C)  magma chamber 
D)  vent 
E)  pyroclastic material 
A)  bomb 
B)  lava flow 
C)  magma chamber 
D)  vent 
E)  pyroclastic material

Question 11

This image of the Valles Caldera in New Mexico shows a landscape in which there is a large flat meadow surrounded by rocky rims of volcanic rock. The meadow is several miles across. Why is this called a caldera?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has volcanic rock. 
B)  It is a crater. 
C)  It is several miles across. 
D)  All of the above are correct. 
A)  It has volcanic rock. 
B)  It is a crater. 
C)  It is several miles across. 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 12

The dominant rock type erupted by submarine volcanoes at spreading ridges is_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  rhyolite 
D)  magnetite 
A)  andesite 
B)  basalt 
C)  rhyolite 
D)  magnetite

Question 13

_______are usually the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  Neon and ammonia 
B)  Chlorine and sodium 
C)  Water and carbon dioxide 
D)  Oxygen and nitrogen 
A)  Neon and ammonia 
B)  Chlorine and sodium 
C)  Water and carbon dioxide 
D)  Oxygen and nitrogen

Question 14

Which one of the following shows the correct order left to right. of decreasing magma viscosity in order of composition?

Accepted Answer

A)  basalt, andesite, rhyolite 
B)  basalt, rhyolite, andesite 
C)  rhyolite, andesite, basalt 
D)  andesite, rhyolite, basalt 
A)  basalt, andesite, rhyolite 
B)  basalt, rhyolite, andesite 
C)  rhyolite, andesite, basalt 
D)  andesite, rhyolite, basalt

Question 15

Which of the following is not a significant volcanic hazard?

Accepted Answer

A)  a tsunami generated by a massive submarine volcanic eruption 
B)  being caught in a river valley and being overcome by a volcanic mudflow/lahar 
C)  injury or death by inhalation of air heavily laden with volcanic ash 
D)  being overrun by a basaltic lava flow 
A)  a tsunami generated by a massive submarine volcanic eruption 
B)  being caught in a river valley and being overcome by a volcanic mudflow/lahar 
C)  injury or death by inhalation of air heavily laden with volcanic ash 
D)  being overrun by a basaltic lava flow

Question 16

Briefly summarize at least 4 major volcanic hazards. Describe the level of risk from most dangerous to least dangerous to human life. For each hazard indicate where the hazard is located relative to the volcano on the volcano slopes, anywhere within several km of the volcano, anywhere within thousands of km of the volcano, in river valleys near the volcano, near bodies of water near the volcano, etc.. and consider if the probability of the hazard is very low, low, medium, high, or high, within the danger zone of the hazard.

Accepted Answer

Question undoubtedly has range of answer

Question 17

What type of volcano would be most likely to generate large landslides?

Accepted Answer

A)  cinder cone 
B)  caldera 
C)  composite volcano 
D)  shield volcano 
A)  cinder cone 
B)  caldera 
C)  composite volcano 
D)  shield volcano

Question 18

The steep, upper slopes of composite volcanoes are generally produced by _______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  satellite or parasitic cones that push up the top of the volcano to steep slopes 
B)  large landslides 
C)  high- viscosity, low- volume silicic magmas that are erupted from the summit 
D)  tilting of the summit by intrusion of high- viscosity magma directly below the summit 
A)  satellite or parasitic cones that push up the top of the volcano to steep slopes 
B)  large landslides 
C)  high- viscosity, low- volume silicic magmas that are erupted from the summit 
D)  tilting of the summit by intrusion of high- viscosity magma directly below the summit

Question 19

The eruptions of the Hawaiian volcanoes are _______explosive than the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption.

Accepted Answer

A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  about the same as 
A)  less 
B)  more 
C)  about the same as

Question 20

Shield volcanoes form from what type of magma?

Accepted Answer

A)  low viscosity basaltic magmas 
B)  high viscosity aa basaltic magmas 
C)  high viscosity rhyolitic magmas 
D)  low viscosity rhyolitic magmas 
A)  low viscosity basaltic magmas 
B)  high viscosity aa basaltic magmas 
C)  high viscosity rhyolitic magmas 
D)  low viscosity rhyolitic magmas

Exam 6: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity

Mount Pelee on the Island of Martinique erupted in the early 20th century. Why is this eruption famous?

Cinder cones _______.

Which of the following types of magma is normally at the lowest temperature during an eruption?

Observe the photograph of an entire forest of trees knocked down on Mt. St. Helens. By contrast this is not the case on Kilauea. Why were so many trees knocked down during the Mt. St. Helens eruption while that was not true o Kilauea volcano?

Which of the following is emplaced over millions of years to form a composite intrusive complex?

Which of the following is not an accurate statement about the melting process in the earth's interior?

Which type of basaltic lava flow has a fairly smooth, unfragmented, ropy surface?

Which of the following best describes the bedrock in the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California?

If you are in the path of a pyroclastic flow or a lahar. How much time would you have to escape?

Match the letter on the figure with the term. -Identify what letter C represents in the diagram.

This image of the Valles Caldera in New Mexico shows a landscape in which there is a large flat meadow surrounded by rocky rims of volcanic rock. The meadow is several miles across. Why is this called a caldera?

The dominant rock type erupted by submarine volcanoes at spreading ridges is_______ .

_______are usually the most abundant gases emitted during basaltic volcanism.

Which one of the following shows the correct order left to right. of decreasing magma viscosity in order of composition?

Which of the following is not a significant volcanic hazard?

What type of volcano would be most likely to generate large landslides?

The steep, upper slopes of composite volcanoes are generally produced by _______ .

The eruptions of the Hawaiian volcanoes are _______explosive than the 1980 Mount St. Helens eruption.

Shield volcanoes form from what type of magma?

Introduction to Earth Science

Matter and Minerals

Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth

Plate Tectonics: a Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Weathering, Soil, and Mass Movement

Running Water and Groundwater

Glaciers, Deserts, and Wind

Geologic Time

Earths Evolution Through Geologic Time

The Ocean Floor

Ocean Water and Ocean Life

The Dynamic Ocean

The Atmosphere: Composition, Structure, and Temperature

Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation

Air Pressure and Wind

Weather Patterns and Severe Storms

World Climates and Global Climate Change

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Touring Our Solar System

Light, Telescopes, and the Sun

Beyond Our Solar System

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Mount Pelee on the Island of Martinique erupted in the early 20^thcentury. Why is this eruption famous?