Question 1

_______tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano.

Accepted Answer

A)  Low viscosity and low dissolved gas content 
B)  High viscosity and high dissolved gas content 
C)  High viscosity and low dissolved gas content 
D)  Low silica content and low viscosity 
A)  Low viscosity and low dissolved gas content 
B)  High viscosity and high dissolved gas content 
C)  High viscosity and low dissolved gas content 
D)  Low silica content and low viscosity

Question 2

Of the diagrams pictured above, which one represents a hot spot setting? How is such a setting evidence for plat tectonic theory, and name one location where such a setting can be found.

Accepted Answer

Students should identify letter D as the

Question 3

Volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is related to_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  intraplate, hot spot volcanism 
B)  a divergent plate boundary 
C)  a transform plate boundary 
D)  plate subduction 
A)  intraplate, hot spot volcanism 
B)  a divergent plate boundary 
C)  a transform plate boundary 
D)  plate subduction

Question 4

The main destruction from shield volcanoes like Kilauea in Hawaii is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  explosive volcanic activity 
B)  a combination of both explosive and slow processes 
C)  slow burial of man- made features 
A)  explosive volcanic activity 
B)  a combination of both explosive and slow processes 
C)  slow burial of man- made features

Question 5

Most of the active volcanoes on land are located in a belt known as the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Mid- Pacific Ridge 
B)  Red Sea rift 
C)  Ring of Fire 
D)  Gulf Coast zone 
A)  Mid- Pacific Ridge 
B)  Red Sea rift 
C)  Ring of Fire 
D)  Gulf Coast zone

Question 6

When you open a bottle of soda slowly it tends not to spill, whereas if you open it too rapidly, you may get a wet hand. What parallel is there with effusive versus explosive eruptions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Effusive eruptions are like the slowly opened bottle. The air in such eruptions is released so it cannot build up in the magma, thus keeping the eruption non- violent. 
B)  Explosive eruptions are like the rapidly opened bottle. Because the gases in the magma are released all at once, the eruption is not violent. 
C)  Effusive eruptions are like the rapidly opened bottle. Because the gases in the magma are released all at once, the eruption is not violent. 
D)  Explosive eruptions are like the slowly opened bottle. The air in such eruptions is released so it cannot build up in the magma, thus keeping the eruption non- violent. 
A)  Effusive eruptions are like the slowly opened bottle. The air in such eruptions is released so it cannot build up in the magma, thus keeping the eruption non- violent. 
B)  Explosive eruptions are like the rapidly opened bottle. Because the gases in the magma are released all at once, the eruption is not violent. 
C)  Effusive eruptions are like the rapidly opened bottle. Because the gases in the magma are released all at once, the eruption is not violent. 
D)  Explosive eruptions are like the slowly opened bottle. The air in such eruptions is released so it cannot build up in the magma, thus keeping the eruption non- violent.

Question 7

As magma approaches the surface, water contributes to the explosive potential of the eruption because _______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  water has a lower density in its solid phase than its liquid phase which makes it explode when pressure decreases 
B)  water dissolved in magma flashes to steam as pressure decreases, and the volume increase leads to an explosive potential 
C)  water dissociates to hydrogen and oxygen at high temperatures but reacts violently at decreasing pressures to produce explosive eruptions 
D)  water has a large heat capacity, which allow it to keep the magma hot enough to explode 
A)  water has a lower density in its solid phase than its liquid phase which makes it explode when pressure decreases 
B)  water dissolved in magma flashes to steam as pressure decreases, and the volume increase leads to an explosive potential 
C)  water dissociates to hydrogen and oxygen at high temperatures but reacts violently at decreasing pressures to produce explosive eruptions 
D)  water has a large heat capacity, which allow it to keep the magma hot enough to explode

Question 8

The composition of a composite cone or stratovolcano makes its viscosity_______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  high, resulting in low volatility 
B)  low, resulting in low volatility 
C)  intermediate, resulting in high volatility 
D)  high, resulting in high volatility 
A)  high, resulting in low volatility 
B)  low, resulting in low volatility 
C)  intermediate, resulting in high volatility 
D)  high, resulting in high volatility

Question 9

A _ _ is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant.

Accepted Answer

A)  laccolith 
B)  dike 
C)  sill 
D)  pluton 
A)  laccolith 
B)  dike 
C)  sill 
D)  pluton

Question 10

Considering your knowledge of volcano types in different tectonic settings, if you had to live on a volcano, which of the following would you choose if safety was your only concern?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mt Fujiyama in the Japanese island arc 
B)  Mt. Spurr in the Aleutian volcanic arc 
C)  Mt. Rainier in the Cascades just north of Mt. St. Helens 
D)  Mauna Loa in Hawaii, on the Big Island of Hawaii near Kilauea 
A)  Mt Fujiyama in the Japanese island arc 
B)  Mt. Spurr in the Aleutian volcanic arc 
C)  Mt. Rainier in the Cascades just north of Mt. St. Helens 
D)  Mauna Loa in Hawaii, on the Big Island of Hawaii near Kilauea

Question 11

The slopes of most cinder cones are usually about 30 degrees because _______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  cinder cones are mostly basalt and basalt is too weak to maintain a slope greater than 30 degrees 
B)  the loose materials ejected from the cone form slopes at that angle of repose 
C)  they are composites of loose material and lava and the viscosity of the lava requires the slopes to form at about 30 degrees 
D)  The statement is false; most cinder cones have slopes less than 10 degrees because of the low viscosity of basalt lava flows. 
A)  cinder cones are mostly basalt and basalt is too weak to maintain a slope greater than 30 degrees 
B)  the loose materials ejected from the cone form slopes at that angle of repose 
C)  they are composites of loose material and lava and the viscosity of the lava requires the slopes to form at about 30 degrees 
D)  The statement is false; most cinder cones have slopes less than 10 degrees because of the low viscosity of basalt lava flows.

Question 12

_______people have been killed by pyroclastic flows erupted from cinder cones.

Accepted Answer

A)  Relatively few 
B)  Thousands of 
A)  Relatively few 
B)  Thousands of

Question 13

Note in the above image there are bodies buried by the pyroclastic flows from Mt. Vesuvius in 79 AD. These are not the actual bodies, as those were vaporized by the heat, but Plaster of Paris casts of individuals affected by the reaction, with casts made in the areas where the bodies were. How could this discovery help local residents to plan for the future?

Accepted Answer

A)  Volcanoes never happen again in the same location, so it is an indicator that this area is now safe. 
B)  There may be written records buried with the bodies that could be of use. 
C)  The reason that the people did not survive was because they were lying down on the ground, so this can teach future residents to stand up when a pyroclastic flow comes. 
D)  The bodies indicate how rapidly the pyroclastic flows came, and this could be an indication of what could happen in the future. 
A)  Volcanoes never happen again in the same location, so it is an indicator that this area is now safe. 
B)  There may be written records buried with the bodies that could be of use. 
C)  The reason that the people did not survive was because they were lying down on the ground, so this can teach future residents to stand up when a pyroclastic flow comes. 
D)  The bodies indicate how rapidly the pyroclastic flows came, and this could be an indication of what could happen in the future.

Question 14

A _______is the largest discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  laccolith 
B)  batholith 
C)  pluton 
D)  lopolith 
A)  laccolith 
B)  batholith 
C)  pluton 
D)  lopolith

Question 15

The largest percentage of total magma production on earth occurs at what plate tectonic setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  transform plate margins 
B)  spreading ridges 
C)  convergent plate margins 
D)  hot spots like Hawaii 
A)  transform plate margins 
B)  spreading ridges 
C)  convergent plate margins 
D)  hot spots like Hawaii

Question 16

Volcanoes have_______ impact on weather and climate.

Accepted Answer

A)  some definite 
B)  no significant 
C)  major, extinction- causing 
A)  some definite 
B)  no significant 
C)  major, extinction- causing

Question 17

Which of the following best describes melting of the mantle at subduction zones that leads to island arc volcanoes?

Accepted Answer

A)  The subducted plate subsides into the mantle and allows magma from the lower mantle magma ocean to rise toward the surface. 
B)  Water released from the subducting plate decreases the melting temperature in the mantle above the downgoing plate to generate magmas from the overlying mantle wedge. 
C)  The subducting plate is cooled as it is carried to depth and the subducted oceanic crust melts. 
D)  Heat is carried downward with the subducting plate and melts the mantle above the downgoing plate. 
A)  The subducted plate subsides into the mantle and allows magma from the lower mantle magma ocean to rise toward the surface. 
B)  Water released from the subducting plate decreases the melting temperature in the mantle above the downgoing plate to generate magmas from the overlying mantle wedge. 
C)  The subducting plate is cooled as it is carried to depth and the subducted oceanic crust melts. 
D)  Heat is carried downward with the subducting plate and melts the mantle above the downgoing plate.

Question 18

Mount Pelée on Martinique is an example of a _______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  cinder cone 
B)  composite volcano 
C)  shield volcano 
D)  lava dome 
A)  cinder cone 
B)  composite volcano 
C)  shield volcano 
D)  lava dome

Question 19

Observe the image of the individual walking through the lava tube. Why is it hollow there and not solid rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  The inside of the lava tube was granite, but granite is not resistant to weathering, so has long since eroded away. 
B)  There are no natural openings within a lava flow. This must be a manmade feature. 
C)  When lava cools it contracts, leaving large gaps in the middle. 
D)  Lava on the inside of the tube often remains molten while the outside crystallizes. Sometimes that molten lava flows out, leaving an empty interior. 
A)  The inside of the lava tube was granite, but granite is not resistant to weathering, so has long since eroded away. 
B)  There are no natural openings within a lava flow. This must be a manmade feature. 
C)  When lava cools it contracts, leaving large gaps in the middle. 
D)  Lava on the inside of the tube often remains molten while the outside crystallizes. Sometimes that molten lava flows out, leaving an empty interior.

Question 20

Match the letter on the figure with the term.
  
-Identify what letter D represents in the diagram.

Accepted Answer

A)  bomb 
B)  lava flow 
C)  magma chamber 
D)  vent 
E)  pyroclastic material 
A)  bomb 
B)  lava flow 
C)  magma chamber 
D)  vent 
E)  pyroclastic material

Exam 6: Volcanoes and Other Igneous Activity

_______tend to increase the explosive potential of a magma body beneath a volcano.

Of the diagrams pictured above, which one represents a hot spot setting? How is such a setting evidence for plat tectonic theory, and name one location where such a setting can be found.

Volcanic activity in Yellowstone National Park is related to_______ .

The main destruction from shield volcanoes like Kilauea in Hawaii is _______.

Most of the active volcanoes on land are located in a belt known as the _______.

When you open a bottle of soda slowly it tends not to spill, whereas if you open it too rapidly, you may get a wet hand. What parallel is there with effusive versus explosive eruptions?

As magma approaches the surface, water contributes to the explosive potential of the eruption because _______ .

The composition of a composite cone or stratovolcano makes its viscosity_______ .

A _ _ is an intrusive, igneous rock body that is tabular and concordant.

Considering your knowledge of volcano types in different tectonic settings, if you had to live on a volcano, which of the following would you choose if safety was your only concern?

The slopes of most cinder cones are usually about 30 degrees because _______ .

_______people have been killed by pyroclastic flows erupted from cinder cones.

A _______is the largest discordant body of intrusive, igneous rock.

The largest percentage of total magma production on earth occurs at what plate tectonic setting?

Volcanoes have_______ impact on weather and climate.

Which of the following best describes melting of the mantle at subduction zones that leads to island arc volcanoes?

Mount Pelée on Martinique is an example of a _______ .

Observe the image of the individual walking through the lava tube. Why is it hollow there and not solid rock?

Match the letter on the figure with the term. -Identify what letter D represents in the diagram.

Introduction to Earth Science

Matter and Minerals

Rocks: Materials of the Solid Earth

Plate Tectonics: a Scientific Revolution Unfolds

Earthquakes and Earths Interior

Crustal Deformation and Mountain Building

Weathering, Soil, and Mass Movement

Running Water and Groundwater

Glaciers, Deserts, and Wind

Geologic Time

Earths Evolution Through Geologic Time

The Ocean Floor

Ocean Water and Ocean Life

The Dynamic Ocean

The Atmosphere: Composition, Structure, and Temperature

Moisture, Clouds, and Precipitation

Air Pressure and Wind

Weather Patterns and Severe Storms

World Climates and Global Climate Change

Origins of Modern Astronomy

Touring Our Solar System

Light, Telescopes, and the Sun

Beyond Our Solar System

Filters