Exam 4: Social Perception: How We Come to Understand Other People

In trying to make sense of the social world, people are much like amateur scientists. This observation is most compatible with Heider's (1958) classic scholarly work on

Hong and colleagues (2003) primed bicultural students with American, Chinese, or neutral images and had them make attributions about why a fish was swimming in front of other fish. What was the independent variable of this experiment?

The tendency to think that other people are more susceptible to attributional biases in their thinking than we are is a(n)

Anna usually doesn't like movies with violent scenes. Still, she saw Sin City-a violent movie-five times, and loved it. Everyone else-including critics-really liked Sin City, too. In this example, distinctiveness is ________ and consensus is ________.

Recall the cross-cultural differences in the self-serving bias between Eastern and Western cultures. Describe the differences, and provide an example of how someone in China might attribute a failure compared to someone from Canada.

All of the following are among the six universally recognized facial expressions reported by Ekman except

From the point of view of Heider's (1958) "naïve" or "commonsense" psychology, people are much like ________ in trying to understand others' behaviors.

What would be the most accurate description of the "shi gú" type, a common implicit personality theory in China?

In a study by Hedden and his colleagues (2008) examining brain activity, East Asians and European Americans underwent an fMRI while focusing on either a target or the context of a picture. In which circumstance did European Americans exert more attention?

Peter's expression when Jan saw him at lunch was difficult to decode. One part of his face registered one emotion and another part of his face registered a different emotion. Therefore, Peter was demonstrating a(n)

The processes of decoding nonverbal communications and using implicit personality theories are both examples of ________ processes.

The basic type of information people use about others to form impressions and understand them is

According to research presented in this chapter, there are two steps involved in the attribution process. The point at which attributional errors tend to occur is when we attempt to

Heider described people as amateur scientists, trying to understand other people's behavior by working to arrive at a reasonable cause. The effort this requires contradicts the idea of people as ________ thinkers.

Recall that a number of researchers have found that participants from Asian cultures are less likely than participants from Western cultures to make the fundamental attribution error. These findings suggest that

Your sister comes in and announces that she has just gotten engaged to the man she has been dating for the past two months. You feel a mix of surprise, happiness, and concern, and this shows on your face. The expression your face displays is known as a(n)

Based on evidence presented by the authors of your text, the facial expression for disgust is adaptive because it

William is constantly searching for employment, but has yet to be hired. While William is outside in the unemployment line, a woman yells at him as she drives by, "Get a job, you lazy bum!" Her assumption about William is an example of the

All of the following are nonverbal behaviors except

If an American and a Chinese person are both given feedback that they have done poorly at a task, who would be more likely to blame him- or herself for the failure?