Exam 22: Population and Evolutionary Genetics

In an evolutionary sense,what is meant by the term molecular clock?

In directional selection,both phenotypic extremes are equally selected against.

Why are some proteins more likely than others to diverge within a species?

Inbreeding by itself can change gene frequencies.

The difference between fitness of a given genotype and another genotype considered optimal is called the selection coefficient (s).What is the selection coefficient for a genotype (aa)that produces an average of 99 offspring when Aa individuals produce an average of 100 offspring?

The discipline within evolutionary biology that studies changes in allele frequencies is known as ________.

Mutations are regarded as a strong evolutionary mechanism for changing allelic frequencies.

Define the term speciation.

What are phylogenetic trees?

A number of mechanisms operate to maintain genetic diversity in a population.Why is such diversity favored?

Suppose that a given gene undergoes a mutation to a dominant allele such that 2 out of 100,000 offspring exhibit the new mutant phenotype.Assuming that these offspring are heterozygous,what is the mutation rate for the gene?

Cytochrome c is a respiratory pigment found in the mitochondria of eukaryotes.Compared with some other proteins,it has changed very slowly over long periods of time.Why?

Which term is given to the measure of the proportion of offspring that a particular phenotype will contribute to the next generation?

One of the Hardy-Weinberg assumptions states that all genotypes in the population are free of selective advantage.What influence might a selective advantage of a genotype have on a Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Which general term is used to group various biological and behavioral properties of organisms that act to prevent or reduce interbreeding?

Assume that in a Hardy-Weinberg population,9 percent of the individuals are of the homozygous recessive phenotype.What percentage are homozygous dominant?

Conservation of amino acid sequence among distantly related groups of organisms is suggestive of an important function of that sequence.

What is meant by the equation p + q = 1.0?

What are the genetic consequences of inbreeding?

Which term is given to the total genetic information carried by all members of a population?