Question 1

Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold?

Accepted Answer

A) Activation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to close. 
B) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open. 
C) A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open. 
D) K+ ion channels begin to close. 
E) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open and a positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open. 
A) Activation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to close. 
B) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open. 
C) A positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open. 
D) K+ ion channels begin to close. 
E) Inactivation gates of Na+ ion channels begin to open and a positive feedback cycle develops in which depolarization causes activation gates of Na+ ion channels to open.

Question 2

The function of acetylcholinesterase is to

Accepted Answer

A) open voltage-gated sodium gates. 
B) breakdown acetylcholine in the synapse. 
C) produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane. 
D) metabolize norepinephrine. 
A) open voltage-gated sodium gates. 
B) breakdown acetylcholine in the synapse. 
C) produce an IPSP on the postsynaptic membrane. 
D) metabolize norepinephrine.

Question 3

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain.What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes 
B)  microglial cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  macrophages 
E)  ependymal cells 
A)  astrocytes 
B)  microglial cells 
C)  oligodendrocytes 
D)  macrophages 
E)  ependymal cells

Question 4

What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Accepted Answer

A) serotonin 
B) acetylcholine 
C) dopamine 
D) glutamate 
A) serotonin 
B) acetylcholine 
C) dopamine 
D) glutamate

Question 5

Gray matter has little myelination,whereas white matter has abundant myelination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Enkephalins produce presynaptic inhibition in neurons transmitting pain signals.Increased levels of enkephalins will

Accepted Answer

A) increase awareness of pain. 
B) decrease awareness of pain. 
C) increase amount of pain. 
D) decrease amount of pain. 
E) have no effect on awareness or amount of pain. 
A) increase awareness of pain. 
B) decrease awareness of pain. 
C) increase amount of pain. 
D) decrease amount of pain. 
E) have no effect on awareness or amount of pain.

Question 7

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

Accepted Answer

A) enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B) reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C) have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D) alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E) increase exocytosis. 
A) enhance transmission across the synapse. 
B) reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse. 
C) have no effect on transmission across the synapse. 
D) alter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. 
E) increase exocytosis.

Question 8

When two action potentials arrive simultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron,

Accepted Answer

A) the direction of the action potential is reversed. 
B) temporal summation occurs. 
C) spatial summation occurs. 
D) hyperpolarization occurs. 
E) threshold is never reached. 
A) the direction of the action potential is reversed. 
B) temporal summation occurs. 
C) spatial summation occurs. 
D) hyperpolarization occurs. 
E) threshold is never reached.

Question 9

Which of the following statements regarding voltage-gated K+ channels is true?

Accepted Answer

A) These channels have only one gate. 
B) These channels open more slowly than Na+ channels. 
C) Once open,these channels remain open until repolarization is complete. 
D) These channels are specific for potassium. 
E) All of these statements are true. 
A) These channels have only one gate. 
B) These channels open more slowly than Na+ channels. 
C) Once open,these channels remain open until repolarization is complete. 
D) These channels are specific for potassium. 
E) All of these statements are true.

Question 10

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential),there is a

Accepted Answer

A) net movement of sodium ions out of the cells. 
B) net movement of chloride ions into the cells. 
C) decrease in action potential amplitude. 
D) local hyperpolarization. 
E) local depolarization. 
A) net movement of sodium ions out of the cells. 
B) net movement of chloride ions into the cells. 
C) decrease in action potential amplitude. 
D) local hyperpolarization. 
E) local depolarization.

Question 11

Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

Accepted Answer

A) may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials. 
B) generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal. 
C) is necessary for synaptic transmission. 
D) may lead to action potentials. 
E) may stop exocytosis. 
A) may affect the ability of the postsynaptic membrane to generate action potentials. 
B) generates local potentials in the presynaptic terminal. 
C) is necessary for synaptic transmission. 
D) may lead to action potentials. 
E) may stop exocytosis.

Question 12

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. 
B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. 
C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. 
D) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in the cell. 
E) The purpose of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to create an equilibrium of ion concentrations. 
A) The resting plasma membrane is more permeable to Na+ than K+. 
B) The resting membrane potential never reaches an equilibrium point. 
C) The resting membrane potential is proportional to the tendency for K+ to diffuse out of the cell. 
D) Negatively charged Cl- ions are attracted by negative charges in the cell. 
E) The purpose of the sodium-potassium exchange pump is to create an equilibrium of ion concentrations.

Question 13

Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would

Accepted Answer

A) increase neurotransmitter release. 
B) decrease the release of neurotransmitter. 
C) increase neurotransmitter production. 
D) interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter. 
E) destroy vesicles containing neurotransmitter. 
A) increase neurotransmitter release. 
B) decrease the release of neurotransmitter. 
C) increase neurotransmitter production. 
D) interfere with the ability to respond to neurotransmitter. 
E) destroy vesicles containing neurotransmitter.

Question 14

Receptor molecules in synapses

Accepted Answer

A) tend to concentrate on presynaptic terminals. 
B) bind irreversibly with neurotransmitter. 
C) have a high degree of specificity. 
D) serve as channel proteins. 
E) can bind to any molecule in the synapse. 
A) tend to concentrate on presynaptic terminals. 
B) bind irreversibly with neurotransmitter. 
C) have a high degree of specificity. 
D) serve as channel proteins. 
E) can bind to any molecule in the synapse.

Question 15

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse.What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A) postsynaptic membrane 
B) synaptic cleft 
C) synaptic vesicle 
D) voltage-gated calcium channel 
E) presynaptic terminal 
A) postsynaptic membrane 
B) synaptic cleft 
C) synaptic vesicle 
D) voltage-gated calcium channel 
E) presynaptic terminal

Question 16

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are

Accepted Answer

A) tripolar. 
B) bipolar. 
C) multipolar. 
D) pseudo-unipolar. 
E) None of these choices are correct. 
A) tripolar. 
B) bipolar. 
C) multipolar. 
D) pseudo-unipolar. 
E) None of these choices are correct.

Question 17

Match the term with the correct definition.
-Resting Membrane Potential

Accepted Answer

A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential 
A) a small change in the resting membrane potential confined to a small area 
B) a charge difference across the plasma membrane when the cell is in an unstimulated state 
C) a larger change in resting membrane potential that spreads over entire surface of a cell 
D) membrane becomes more positive when sodium ions diffuse into cell 
E) return to the resting membrane potential

Question 18

-Identify structure "D" on the neuron.

Accepted Answer

A) Schwann cell 
B) Node of Ranvier 
C) neuron cell body (soma) 
D) dendrites 
E) axon 
A) Schwann cell 
B) Node of Ranvier 
C) neuron cell body (soma) 
D) dendrites 
E) axon

Question 19

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential.What does "E" represent?

Accepted Answer

A) repolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) local potential 
D) threshold 
E) afterpotential 
A) repolarization 
B) depolarization 
C) local potential 
D) threshold 
E) afterpotential

Question 20

Match the neuroglial cell with its function.
-ependymal cells

Accepted Answer

A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS 
A) influence function of blood-brain barrier 
B) macrophages in CNS 
C) produce cerebrospinal fluid 
D) form myelin sheath around axons in CNS 
E) form myelin sheath around part of the axon in the PNS

Exam 11: Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Which of the following statements accurately describe events that occur as a result of a local potential reaching threshold?

The function of acetylcholinesterase is to

Hydrocephaly is a condition whereby cerebrospinal fluid accumulates around the brain.What supportive cells continue CSF production despite it backing up in the subarachnoid space?

What is the only neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

Gray matter has little myelination,whereas white matter has abundant myelination.

Enkephalins produce presynaptic inhibition in neurons transmitting pain signals.Increased levels of enkephalins will

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would

When two action potentials arrive simultaneously at two different presynaptic terminals that synapse with the same postsynaptic neuron,

Which of the following statements regarding voltage-gated K+ channels is true?

In an EPSP (excitatory postsynaptic potential),there is a

Rapid removal or destruction of neurotransmitter in the synaptic cleft

Which of the following is true?

Damage to a postsynaptic membrane would

Receptor molecules in synapses

-The figure is a process figure of the chemical synapse.What does "E" represent?

The motor neurons responsible for making a fist are

Match the term with the correct definition. -Resting Membrane Potential

-Identify structure "D" on the neuron.

-The figure illustrates the Action Potential.What does "E" represent?

Match the neuroglial cell with its function. -ependymal cells

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

Filters

A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca²⁺ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would