Question 1

Cardiac muscle cells

Accepted Answer

A) have smooth ER but no T tubules. 
B) form the heart valves. 
C) are maintained by an extensive capillary network. 
D) develop a significant oxygen debt during systole. 
E) do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle cells. 
A) have smooth ER but no T tubules. 
B) form the heart valves. 
C) are maintained by an extensive capillary network. 
D) develop a significant oxygen debt during systole. 
E) do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle cells.

Question 2

The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle

Accepted Answer

A) prolongs depolarization of the cardiac muscle. 
B) prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. 
C) ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract. 
D) prevents the heart rate from slowing down. 
E) prevents an increase in heart rate. 
A) prolongs depolarization of the cardiac muscle. 
B) prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle. 
C) ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract. 
D) prevents the heart rate from slowing down. 
E) prevents an increase in heart rate.

Question 3

The adult heart averages ___________ grams.

Accepted Answer

A)  100-200 
B)  50-100 
C)  250-300 
D)  400-500 
A)  100-200 
B)  50-100 
C)  250-300 
D)  400-500

Question 4

Which of the following would result from a reduced function of the sodium channels in the SA node?

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization would be delayed 
B) the heart rate would decrease 
C) repolarization would not occur 
D) a shortened plateau phase 
E) depolarization would be delayed and the heart rate would decrease 
A) depolarization would be delayed 
B) the heart rate would decrease 
C) repolarization would not occur 
D) a shortened plateau phase 
E) depolarization would be delayed and the heart rate would decrease

Question 5

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

Accepted Answer

A) the permeability to K+ ions increases. 
B) many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D) RMP has been restored. 
E) permeability of the cell does not change. 
A) the permeability to K+ ions increases. 
B) many voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open. 
C) voltage-gated Ca2+ channels close. 
D) RMP has been restored. 
E) permeability of the cell does not change.

Question 6

In a physiology lab,the students designed an experiment to illustrate how the heart responds to changes in blood pressure.Everyone relaxed and then did a headstand.Which of the following observations are consistent with the change in the function of their hearts?

Accepted Answer

A) increased heart rate 
B) decreased heart rate 
C) increased stroke volume 
D) decreased stroke volume 
E) both decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume 
A) increased heart rate 
B) decreased heart rate 
C) increased stroke volume 
D) decreased stroke volume 
E) both decreased heart rate and increased stroke volume

Question 7

The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

A) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B) increased heart rate 
C) increased cardiac output 
D) increased force of contraction 
E) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart 
A) increased parasympathetic stimulation of the heart 
B) increased heart rate 
C) increased cardiac output 
D) increased force of contraction 
E) increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart

Question 8

What is the importance of the delay in the action potential in the AV node?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows the action potential to reach both ventricles at the same time. 
B) It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together. 
C) It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together,before the ventricles contract. 
D) It allows time for the atria to be filled with blood. 
A) It allows the action potential to reach both ventricles at the same time. 
B) It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together. 
C) It allows an action potential to reach the left atrium so both atria contract together,before the ventricles contract. 
D) It allows time for the atria to be filled with blood.

Question 9

The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in _______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the left ventricle 
B)  the infundibulum of the hypothalamus 
C)  structures near the carotids and aortic arch 
D)  the medulla oblongata 
E)  the right ventricle 
A)  the left ventricle 
B)  the infundibulum of the hypothalamus 
C)  structures near the carotids and aortic arch 
D)  the medulla oblongata 
E)  the right ventricle

Question 10

A knowledge of heart location would NOT be important for which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure readings 
B)  Stethoscope positioning 
C)  Electrocardiogram 
D)  Cardiopulmonary resucitation 
A)  Blood pressure readings 
B)  Stethoscope positioning 
C)  Electrocardiogram 
D)  Cardiopulmonary resucitation

Question 11

The action potentials are slowed at the AV node to allow the

Accepted Answer

A) ventricles to repolarize. 
B) ventricles to completely empty of blood. 
C) pacemaker to reset for the next beat. 
D) atria to complete their contraction. 
E) atria to begin their contraction. 
A) ventricles to repolarize. 
B) ventricles to completely empty of blood. 
C) pacemaker to reset for the next beat. 
D) atria to complete their contraction. 
E) atria to begin their contraction.

Question 12

Excess potassium ions in cardiac tissue cause

Accepted Answer

A) an increased heart rate. 
B) a rapid repolarization of cardiac cells. 
C) a decrease in the frequency of action potentials in the conduction system. 
D) an increase in stroke volume. 
E) an increase in the frequency of action potentials. 
A) an increased heart rate. 
B) a rapid repolarization of cardiac cells. 
C) a decrease in the frequency of action potentials in the conduction system. 
D) an increase in stroke volume. 
E) an increase in the frequency of action potentials.

Question 13

The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as

Accepted Answer

A) extrinsic regulation. 
B) cardiac reserve. 
C) Starling Law of the heart. 
D) minute volume. 
A) extrinsic regulation. 
B) cardiac reserve. 
C) Starling Law of the heart. 
D) minute volume.

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

Accepted Answer

A) Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles. 
B) Supplies support and reinforcement for the valves. 
C) Provides a rigid site for cardiac muscle attachment. 
D) All of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton. 
A) Provides electrical insulation between the atria and ventricles. 
B) Supplies support and reinforcement for the valves. 
C) Provides a rigid site for cardiac muscle attachment. 
D) All of the choices are functions of the heart skeleton.

Question 15

The spontaneous opening of sodium channels marks the beginning of ____ of a myocardial cell.

Accepted Answer

A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
D) isopolarization 
E) afterpolarization 
A) depolarization 
B) repolarization 
C) hyperpolarization 
D) isopolarization 
E) afterpolarization

Question 16

Aortic stenosis results from

Accepted Answer

A) a hole in the interatrial septum. 
B) a weakening of heart muscle. 
C) a narrowed opening through the aortic valve. 
D) low oxygen levels. 
E) leakage from the AV valves. 
A) a hole in the interatrial septum. 
B) a weakening of heart muscle. 
C) a narrowed opening through the aortic valve. 
D) low oxygen levels. 
E) leakage from the AV valves.

Question 17

In the cardiac cycle,

Accepted Answer

A) the right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously. 
B) the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract. 
C) the left atrium contracts before the right atrium. 
D) all four chambers of the heart contract at the same time. 
E) all four chambers of the heart are in systole at the same time. 
A) the right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously. 
B) the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract. 
C) the left atrium contracts before the right atrium. 
D) all four chambers of the heart contract at the same time. 
E) all four chambers of the heart are in systole at the same time.

Question 18

What is the foramen ovale?

Accepted Answer

A) An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus. 
B) An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus. 
C) An oval hole in the pericardium in the embryo and fetus. 
D) An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus. 
A) An opening between the right and left atria in the embryo and fetus. 
B) An opening between the right and left ventricles in the embryo and fetus. 
C) An oval hole in the pericardium in the embryo and fetus. 
D) An opening between the pulmonary trunk and aorta in the embryo and fetus.

Question 19

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body is accomplished through ________ circulation.

Accepted Answer

A) hepatic 
B) pulmonary 
C) peripheral 
D) systemic 
A) hepatic 
B) pulmonary 
C) peripheral 
D) systemic

Question 20

Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

Accepted Answer

A) AV bundle 
B) Purkinje fibers 
C) AV node 
D) bundle branch 
E) the pacemaker 
A) AV bundle 
B) Purkinje fibers 
C) AV node 
D) bundle branch 
E) the pacemaker

Exam 20: Cardiovascular System: the Heart

Cardiac muscle cells

The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle

The adult heart averages ___________ grams.

Which of the following would result from a reduced function of the sodium channels in the SA node?

When a pacemaker potential in the SA node reaches threshold,

In a physiology lab,the students designed an experiment to illustrate how the heart responds to changes in blood pressure.Everyone relaxed and then did a headstand.Which of the following observations are consistent with the change in the function of their hearts?

The baroreceptor reflex would cause which of the following events to occur if the reflex was caused by an increase in blood pressure?

What is the importance of the delay in the action potential in the AV node?

The peripheral chemoreceptors that respond to oxygen levels of the blood and regulate heart activity are located in _______________.

A knowledge of heart location would NOT be important for which of the following?

The action potentials are slowed at the AV node to allow the

Excess potassium ions in cardiac tissue cause

The relationship between preload and stroke volume is known as

Which of the following is a function of the heart skeleton?

The spontaneous opening of sodium channels marks the beginning of ____ of a myocardial cell.

Aortic stenosis results from

In the cardiac cycle,

What is the foramen ovale?

The delivery of oxygen and nutrients to the tissues of the body is accomplished through ________ circulation.

Which of the following areas of the conduction system would produce spontaneous action potentials most frequently if the SA node were not functioning?

The Human Organism

The Chemical Basis of Life

Cell Biology

Tissues

Integumentary System

Skeletal System: Bones and Bone Tissue

Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy

Joints and Movement

Muscular System: Histology and Physiology

Muscular System: Gross Anatomy

Functional Organization of Nervous Tissue

Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves

Brain and Cranial Nerves

Integration of Nervous System Functions

The Special Senses

Autonomic Nervous System

Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

Endocrine Glands

Cardiovascular System: Blood

Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation

Lymphatic System and Immunity

Respiratory System

Digestive System

Nutrition,metabolism,and Temperature Regulation

Urinary System

Water,electrolyte,and Acid-Based Balance

Reproductive System

Development,growth,aging,and Genetics

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