Question 1

In order to be useful, a psychological test must be reliable; that is, it must:

Accepted Answer

A)  measure what it is designed to measure. 
B)  compare results against established standards of performance. 
C)  produce the same results from one time to the next. 
D)  predict other criteria of the trait in question. 
A)  measure what it is designed to measure. 
B)  compare results against established standards of performance. 
C)  produce the same results from one time to the next. 
D)  predict other criteria of the trait in question.

Question 2

A _______________ is a statistical measure that provides, with a specified probability, a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie.

Accepted Answer

A)  confidence interval 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  significance test 
D)  descriptive statistic 
A)  confidence interval 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  significance test 
D)  descriptive statistic

Question 3

Psychologists measure alternate-forms reliability by giving different versions of the same test to the same group on two separate occasions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Psychologists measure test-retest reliability by giving the same test twice to the same group of people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Accepted Answer

A)  height and weight 
B)  average income and shoe sizes 
C)  average income and the incidence of dental disease 
D)  school grades and number of hours spent playing video games 
A)  height and weight 
B)  average income and shoe sizes 
C)  average income and the incidence of dental disease 
D)  school grades and number of hours spent playing video games

Question 6

Psychologists typically consider a result to be significant if it would be expected to occur by chance _______________ times in 100 repetitions of the study.

Accepted Answer

A)  5 or fewer 
B)  10 or fewer 
C)  20 or fewer 
D)  40 or fewer 
A)  5 or fewer 
B)  10 or fewer 
C)  20 or fewer 
D)  40 or fewer

Question 7

In a(n) _______________ study, a researcher carefully and systematically watches and records behavior, taking care to avoid affecting the subjects being studied.

Accepted Answer

A)  observational 
B)  exploratory 
C)  experimental 
D)  double-blind 
A)  observational 
B)  exploratory 
C)  experimental 
D)  double-blind

Question 8

A result may be statistically significant, yet be of little consequence in everyday life.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

An experiment is a controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

Accepted Answer

A)  the size and direction of the relationship between two variables. 
B)  whether one variable causes the other variable to happen. 
C)  the unintended changes in a subject's behavior due to the experimenter's cues. 
D)  whether or not the principle of falsifiability applies to each variable. 
A)  the size and direction of the relationship between two variables. 
B)  whether one variable causes the other variable to happen. 
C)  the unintended changes in a subject's behavior due to the experimenter's cues. 
D)  whether or not the principle of falsifiability applies to each variable.

Question 11

In order to maintain scientific objectivity, psychologists do not work on research that is sponsored by private, for-profit businesses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

People who participate in research studies must participate voluntarily and must know enough about the study to make an intelligent decision about participating. This concept is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the Milgram doctrine. 
B)  the APA code. 
C)  informed consent. 
D)  human welfare. 
A)  the Milgram doctrine. 
B)  the APA code. 
C)  informed consent. 
D)  human welfare.

Question 13

In Chapter 2, we read about the disastrous consequences that can take place when conclusions are drawn solely on the basis of case studies. How does the alleged connection between autism and vaccinations illustrate the importance of the critical thinking guideline, "Don't Oversimplify," discussed in Chapter 1?

Accepted Answer

A good answer will include the following

Question 14

Scientists are expected to submit their results to professional journals, which then send the findings to experts for evaluation before publication. This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  replication. 
B)  abstract management. 
C)  peer review. 
D)  falsification. 
A)  replication. 
B)  abstract management. 
C)  peer review. 
D)  falsification.

Question 15

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be negatively correlated?

Accepted Answer

A)  room size and time required to paint walls 
B)  amount of studying and test grade 
C)  value of a collectable item and the number of those items known to exist 
D)  ocean temperature and the number of people at the beach 
A)  room size and time required to paint walls 
B)  amount of studying and test grade 
C)  value of a collectable item and the number of those items known to exist 
D)  ocean temperature and the number of people at the beach

Question 16

If a placebo produces the same results as the real treatment, the reason must be the participants' expectations about the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Scientists should keep their research covert so as to protect their ideas from plagiarism. 
B)  It is a waste of time and money to replicate a study that has already been done. 
C)  Disclosure of the details of a study is important so that others can verify them. 
D)  Peer reviews take place after research findings are announced publicly. 
A)  Scientists should keep their research covert so as to protect their ideas from plagiarism. 
B)  It is a waste of time and money to replicate a study that has already been done. 
C)  Disclosure of the details of a study is important so that others can verify them. 
D)  Peer reviews take place after research findings are announced publicly.

Question 18

An essential part of scientific thinking is not only how to use statistics correctly, but also how to identify the misuse of statistics. For this, students should:

Accepted Answer

A)  distrust all statistics from studies with counterintuitive results. 
B)  integrate statistics with "real-life" issues, such as day care, in order to interpret them. 
C)  try to replicate the study and see if they get similar results. 
D)  ask how the statistic was calculated and what data the statistic is based upon. 
A)  distrust all statistics from studies with counterintuitive results. 
B)  integrate statistics with "real-life" issues, such as day care, in order to interpret them. 
C)  try to replicate the study and see if they get similar results. 
D)  ask how the statistic was calculated and what data the statistic is based upon.

Question 19

A _______________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if a given participant is in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind study 
B)  single-blind study 
C)  meta-analysis 
D)  correlational study 
A)  double-blind study 
B)  single-blind study 
C)  meta-analysis 
D)  correlational study

Question 20

A majority of psychological research studies involve animals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

In order to be useful, a psychological test must be reliable; that is, it must:

A _______________ is a statistical measure that provides, with a specified probability, a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie.

Psychologists measure alternate-forms reliability by giving different versions of the same test to the same group on two separate occasions.

Psychologists measure test-retest reliability by giving the same test twice to the same group of people.

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Psychologists typically consider a result to be significant if it would be expected to occur by chance _______________ times in 100 repetitions of the study.

In a(n) _______________ study, a researcher carefully and systematically watches and records behavior, taking care to avoid affecting the subjects being studied.

A result may be statistically significant, yet be of little consequence in everyday life.

An experiment is a controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

In order to maintain scientific objectivity, psychologists do not work on research that is sponsored by private, for-profit businesses.

People who participate in research studies must participate voluntarily and must know enough about the study to make an intelligent decision about participating. This concept is known as:

Scientists are expected to submit their results to professional journals, which then send the findings to experts for evaluation before publication. This process is called:

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be negatively correlated?

If a placebo produces the same results as the real treatment, the reason must be the participants' expectations about the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Which of the following statements is true?

An essential part of scientific thinking is not only how to use statistics correctly, but also how to identify the misuse of statistics. For this, students should:

A _______________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if a given participant is in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

A majority of psychological research studies involve animals.

What Is Psychology

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters

Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

In order to be useful, a psychological test must be reliable; that is, it must:

A _______________ is a statistical measure that provides, with a specified probability, a range of values within which the mean of a population is likely to lie.

Psychologists measure alternate-forms reliability by giving different versions of the same test to the same group on two separate occasions.

Psychologists measure test-retest reliability by giving the same test twice to the same group of people.

Which of the following is an example of a positive correlation?

Psychologists typically consider a result to be significant if it would be expected to occur by chance _______________ times in 100 repetitions of the study.

In a(n) _______________ study, a researcher carefully and systematically watches and records behavior, taking care to avoid affecting the subjects being studied.

A result may be statistically significant, yet be of little consequence in everyday life.

An experiment is a controlled test of a hypothesis in which the researcher manipulates one variable to discover its effect on another.

The coefficient of correlation conveys:

In order to maintain scientific objectivity, psychologists do not work on research that is sponsored by private, for-profit businesses.

People who participate in research studies must participate voluntarily and must know enough about the study to make an intelligent decision about participating. This concept is known as:

Scientists are expected to submit their results to professional journals, which then send the findings to experts for evaluation before publication. This process is called:

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be negatively correlated?

If a placebo produces the same results as the real treatment, the reason must be the participants' expectations about the treatment, rather than the treatment itself.

Which of the following statements is true?

An essential part of scientific thinking is not only how to use statistics correctly, but also how to identify the misuse of statistics. For this, students should:

A _______________ is an experiment in which neither the participants nor the individuals running the experiment know if a given participant is in the experimental or the control group until after the results are tallied.

A majority of psychological research studies involve animals.

What Is Psychology

Genes, Evolution, and Environment

The Brain and Nervous System

Body Rhythms and Mental States

Sensation and Perception

Learning and Conditioning

Behavior in Social and Cultural Context

Thinking and Intelligence

Memory

Emotion, Stress, and Health

Motivation

Development Over the Life Span

Theories of Personality

Psychological Disorders

Approaches to Treatment and Therapy

Filters