Exam 2: How Psychologists Do Research

The American Psychological Association's ethical guidelines require researchers to avoid studies that involve volunteer deception.

An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships is called a(n) _______________.

An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships is called a(n) _______________.

A psychologist has the option of gathering information through psychological tests or through self-evaluations by the participants. Which option would be more effective in clarifying the differences and similarities between individuals? Why?

An association between increases in one variable and decreases in the other variable is called a negative correlation.

In a(n) _______________ study, a researcher carefully and systematically watches and records behavior, taking care to avoid affecting the subjects being studied.

As a result of controversy over the use of deception in research:

Which of the following statements is true of a hypothesis?

Which of the following is a key characteristic of an ideal scientist?

Two sets of observations assessing men's educational level and their respective annual income are compared. Which of the following is most likely true?

According to your textbook, the likelihood of lying about a sensitive topic on a survey is reduced when respondents:

Experiments are more valuable than other research methods because:

In a laboratory, smokers are asked to drive using a computerized driving simulator and cover the maximum distance possible, while avoiding rear-end collisions. Some volunteers are given a real cigarette to smoke immediately before the test. Others smoke a fake cigarette without nicotine. The number of collisions the two groups make is to be compared. The experimental group in this scenario consists of:

The ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure is called validity.

A psychologist is studying gender relationships in childhood and early adolescence. Students from each grade are separately observed during lunchtime at school in order to assess their seating preferences. The researcher is conducting a:

A hypothesis is a statement that attempts to predict or account for a set of phenomena.

Researchers prefer to select participants who accurately represent the larger population that the researchers are interested in. This type of a group is called a _____________ sample.

Which of the following pairs of variables are likely to be positively correlated?

A psychological test is said to have criterion validity if:

A result that is significant at the .05 level indicates that: