Question 1

In order to examine which molecule is recognized by the protein synthesis machinery,Seymour Benzer

Accepted Answer

A)  chemically converted the amino acid on a charged tRNA. 
B)  manipulated the anticodon of a charged tRNA. 
C)  manipulated the anticodon of an uncharged tRNA. 
D)  chemically changed the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 
E)  charged a tRNA molecule with two different amino acids. 
A)  chemically converted the amino acid on a charged tRNA. 
B)  manipulated the anticodon of a charged tRNA. 
C)  manipulated the anticodon of an uncharged tRNA. 
D)  chemically changed the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase. 
E)  charged a tRNA molecule with two different amino acids.

Question 2

Peptidyl transferase activity is due to the _______ component of the _______ subunit of the ribosome.

Accepted Answer

A)  protein;large 
B)  protein;small 
C)  RNA;large 
D)  RNA;small 
E)  sugar;large 
A)  protein;large 
B)  protein;small 
C)  RNA;large 
D)  RNA;small 
E)  sugar;large

Question 3

Which statement best illustrates the concept that the genetic code is redundant?

Accepted Answer

A)  The codons CCU and CCC both code for the amino acid proline. 
B)  The codon CAG could code for two different amino acids. 
C)  The codons CUU and CCU code for different amino acids. 
D)  In some protists,UAG encodes for glutamine rather than functioning as a stop codon. 
E)  In nearly all organisms,UUU codes for phenylalanine. 
A)  The codons CCU and CCC both code for the amino acid proline. 
B)  The codon CAG could code for two different amino acids. 
C)  The codons CUU and CCU code for different amino acids. 
D)  In some protists,UAG encodes for glutamine rather than functioning as a stop codon. 
E)  In nearly all organisms,UUU codes for phenylalanine.

Question 4

The addition of sugar residues to the protein after translation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  glycation. 
B)  glycosylation. 
C)  phosphorylation. 
D)  proteolysis. 
E)  exonuclease digestion. 
A)  glycation. 
B)  glycosylation. 
C)  phosphorylation. 
D)  proteolysis. 
E)  exonuclease digestion.

Question 5

Termination of transcription involves a

Accepted Answer

A)  terminator sequence. 
B)  stop codon. 
C)  termiproteator. 
D)  hairline slip. 
E)  series of As. 
A)  terminator sequence. 
B)  stop codon. 
C)  termiproteator. 
D)  hairline slip. 
E)  series of As.

Question 6

During translation,the formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site is catalyzed by

Accepted Answer

A)  the large ribosomal subunit. 
B)  a specialized segment of DNA. 
C)  a specialized segment of RNA. 
D)  the initiation complex. 
E)  initiation factors. 
A)  the large ribosomal subunit. 
B)  a specialized segment of DNA. 
C)  a specialized segment of RNA. 
D)  the initiation complex. 
E)  initiation factors.

Question 7

How many codons encode amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  20 
B)  23 
C)  45 
D)  61 
E)  64 
A)  20 
B)  23 
C)  45 
D)  61 
E)  64

Question 8

Which molecule(s)is/are not required for transcription?

Accepted Answer

A)  A DNA template 
B)  RNA polymerase 
C)  A primer 
D)  Appropriate ribonucleoside triphosphates 
E)  All of the above are required. 
A)  A DNA template 
B)  RNA polymerase 
C)  A primer 
D)  Appropriate ribonucleoside triphosphates 
E)  All of the above are required.

Question 9

The typical treatment for people with phenylketonuria is a diet low in phenylalanine.If one were to design a gene therapy for this disease,which would be the most promising approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  Doing nothing. 
B)  Engineering a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts tyrosine to phenylalanine 
C)  Engineering a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts homogentistic acid to phenylalanine 
D)  Reducing the level of protein synthesis from a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine 
E)  Engineering a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine 
A)  Doing nothing. 
B)  Engineering a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts tyrosine to phenylalanine 
C)  Engineering a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts homogentistic acid to phenylalanine 
D)  Reducing the level of protein synthesis from a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine 
E)  Engineering a gene that codes for the enzyme that converts phenylalanine to tyrosine

Question 10

Stop codons terminate translation by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing peptidyl transferase activity. 
B)  binding a protein release factor,causing hydrolysis of the bond between the polypeptide chain and the tRNA. 
C)  binding a signal sequence,causing hydrolysis of the bond between the polypeptide chain and the tRNA. 
D)  interfering with the working of the ribosome,leading to the ribosome's secretion of protein release factors. 
E)  decreasing peptidyl transferase activity. 
A)  increasing peptidyl transferase activity. 
B)  binding a protein release factor,causing hydrolysis of the bond between the polypeptide chain and the tRNA. 
C)  binding a signal sequence,causing hydrolysis of the bond between the polypeptide chain and the tRNA. 
D)  interfering with the working of the ribosome,leading to the ribosome's secretion of protein release factors. 
E)  decreasing peptidyl transferase activity.

Question 11

If a 5'-to-3' strand of DNA has the sequence GTCTATGCATTA,what would be the sequence of the resulting transcribed RNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-GUCUAUGCAUUA-3' 
B)  5'-GTCTATGCATTA-3' 
C)  5'-CAGATACGTAAT-3' 
D)  5'-CAGAUACGUAAU-3' 
E)  3F'-GUCUAUGCAUUA-5' 
A)  5'-GUCUAUGCAUUA-3' 
B)  5'-GTCTATGCATTA-3' 
C)  5'-CAGATACGTAAT-3' 
D)  5'-CAGAUACGUAAU-3' 
E)  3F'-GUCUAUGCAUUA-5'

Question 12

Use the following to answer questions :
Suppose the DNA of a gene contains five motifs (A,B,C,D,and E)in that order.Motifs A,B,and D are located in introns,while motifs C and E are located in exons.
-What is the order of the motifs in the pre-mRNA transcribed from that sequence?

Accepted Answer

A)  CE 
B)  ABD 
C)  BAD 
D)  ABDCE 
E)  ABCDE 
A)  CE 
B)  ABD 
C)  BAD 
D)  ABDCE 
E)  ABCDE

Question 13

In a nucleic acid hybridization experiment performed to detect exons,the probe is

Accepted Answer

A)  single-stranded DNA. 
B)  double-stranded DNA. 
C)  triple-stranded DNA. 
D)  single-stranded RNA. 
E)  double-stranded RNA. 
A)  single-stranded DNA. 
B)  double-stranded DNA. 
C)  triple-stranded DNA. 
D)  single-stranded RNA. 
E)  double-stranded RNA.

Question 14

During translation initiation,the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the _______ site.

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  N 
C)  E 
D)  T 
E)  P 
A)  A 
B)  N 
C)  E 
D)  T 
E)  P

Question 15

Compared with DNA replication,transcription is _______ error prone because of differences in _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;the number of copies made 
B)  less;the proofreading system 
C)  more;excision repair 
D)  less;the number of copies made 
E)  more;the proofreading system 
A)  more;the number of copies made 
B)  less;the proofreading system 
C)  more;excision repair 
D)  less;the number of copies made 
E)  more;the proofreading system

Question 16

Proteins are synthesized starting at the _______,in the _______ direction along the mRNA.

Accepted Answer

A)  A site;3'-to-5' 
B)  A site;5'-to-3' 
C)  N terminus;3'-to-5' 
D)  C terminus;3'-to-5' 
E)  N terminus;5'-to-3' 
A)  A site;3'-to-5' 
B)  A site;5'-to-3' 
C)  N terminus;3'-to-5' 
D)  C terminus;3'-to-5' 
E)  N terminus;5'-to-3'

Question 17

Which statement about the genetic code is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Eukaryotes,archaea,and bacteria each evolved the genetic code independently. 
B)  The common ancestor of eukaryotes and archaea evolved the genetic code independently from the one evolved by bacteria. 
C)  The common ancestor of eukaryotes and bacteria evolved the genetic code independently from the one evolved by archaea. 
D)  The common ancestor of archaea and bacteria evolved the genetic code independently from the one evolved by eukaryotes. 
E)  The genetic code evolved in the common ancestor of all known life. 
A)  Eukaryotes,archaea,and bacteria each evolved the genetic code independently. 
B)  The common ancestor of eukaryotes and archaea evolved the genetic code independently from the one evolved by bacteria. 
C)  The common ancestor of eukaryotes and bacteria evolved the genetic code independently from the one evolved by archaea. 
D)  The common ancestor of archaea and bacteria evolved the genetic code independently from the one evolved by eukaryotes. 
E)  The genetic code evolved in the common ancestor of all known life.

Question 18

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand.

Accepted Answer

A)  5'-to-3';5'-to-3' 
B)  5'-to-3';3'-to-5' 
C)  3'-to-5';5'-to-3' 
D)  3'-to-5';3'-to-5' 
E)  5'-to-5';3'-to-3' 
A)  5'-to-3';5'-to-3' 
B)  5'-to-3';3'-to-5' 
C)  3'-to-5';5'-to-3' 
D)  3'-to-5';3'-to-5' 
E)  5'-to-5';3'-to-3'

Question 19

If a template DNA strand has the base sequence 3F1F1F1S1F1F1F10-GTC…CCA-5F1F1F1S1F1F1F10,what would be the sequence of the corresponding mRNA? [Note: "…" represents an intervening sequence.]

Accepted Answer

A)  3'-GUC…CCA-5' 
B)  5'-GUC…CCA-5' 
C)  3'-CAG…GGU-5' 
D)  5'-CAG…GGU-3' 
E)  5'-CAG…GGT-3' 
A)  3'-GUC…CCA-5' 
B)  5'-GUC…CCA-5' 
C)  3'-CAG…GGU-5' 
D)  5'-CAG…GGU-3' 
E)  5'-CAG…GGT-3'

Question 20

Use the following to answer questions :
Suppose a gene has three exons,with 570 nucleotides in exon 1,420 in exon 2,and 810 in exon 3.
-Now suppose there is a variant in which exon 2 is also spliced out from the mature mRNA.The protein translated from this genetic variant is _______ amino acids long.

Accepted Answer

A)  190 
B)  460 
C)  600 
D)  1,320 
E)  1,800 
A)  190 
B)  460 
C)  600 
D)  1,320 
E)  1,800

Exam 10: From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

In order to examine which molecule is recognized by the protein synthesis machinery,Seymour Benzer

Peptidyl transferase activity is due to the _______ component of the _______ subunit of the ribosome.

Which statement best illustrates the concept that the genetic code is redundant?

The addition of sugar residues to the protein after translation is called

Termination of transcription involves a

During translation,the formation of a peptide bond between an amino acid at the P site and an amino acid at the A site is catalyzed by

How many codons encode amino acids?

Which molecule(s)is/are not required for transcription?

The typical treatment for people with phenylketonuria is a diet low in phenylalanine.If one were to design a gene therapy for this disease,which would be the most promising approach?

Stop codons terminate translation by

If a 5'-to-3' strand of DNA has the sequence GTCTATGCATTA,what would be the sequence of the resulting transcribed RNA?

Use the following to answer questions : Suppose the DNA of a gene contains five motifs (A,B,C,D,and E)in that order.Motifs A,B,and D are located in introns,while motifs C and E are located in exons. -What is the order of the motifs in the pre-mRNA transcribed from that sequence?

In a nucleic acid hybridization experiment performed to detect exons,the probe is

During translation initiation,the first site occupied by a charged tRNA is the _______ site.

Compared with DNA replication,transcription is _______ error prone because of differences in _______.

Proteins are synthesized starting at the _______,in the _______ direction along the mRNA.

Which statement about the genetic code is true?

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _______ from a _______ template strand.

If a template DNA strand has the base sequence 3-GTC…CCA-5,what would be the sequence of the corresponding mRNA? [Note: "…" represents an intervening sequence.]

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Peptidyl transferase activity is due to the _ component of the _ subunit of the ribosome.

Compared with DNA replication,transcription is _ error prone because of differences in _.

Proteins are synthesized starting at the _,in the _ direction along the mRNA.

The direction of synthesis for a new mRNA molecule is _ from a _ template strand.