Question 1

Which statement about polyploidy in plants is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both tetraploid and diploid individuals can produce viable gametes. 
B)  Tetraploid plants can self-fertilize. 
C)  Tetraploid plants crossed with diploid plants can produce viable offspring. 
D)  Offspring from crosses between tetraploid plants and diploid plants are reproductively isolated. 
E)  Crosses between tetraploid and diploid individuals produce tetraploid offspring. 
A)  Both tetraploid and diploid individuals can produce viable gametes. 
B)  Tetraploid plants can self-fertilize. 
C)  Tetraploid plants crossed with diploid plants can produce viable offspring. 
D)  Offspring from crosses between tetraploid plants and diploid plants are reproductively isolated. 
E)  Crosses between tetraploid and diploid individuals produce tetraploid offspring.

Question 2

Which evolutionary process was required for sympatric speciation in species such as the apple maggot fly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Disruptive selection 
B)  Stabilizing selection 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Allopatry 
E)  Polyploidy 
A)  Disruptive selection 
B)  Stabilizing selection 
C)  Genetic drift 
D)  Allopatry 
E)  Polyploidy

Question 3

Several hundred species of Drosophila live in the Hawaiian Islands and nowhere else.These species are thus considered to be _______ to those islands.

Accepted Answer

A)  sympatric 
B)  monophyletic 
C)  allopatric 
D)  endemic 
E)  idiopathic 
A)  sympatric 
B)  monophyletic 
C)  allopatric 
D)  endemic 
E)  idiopathic

Question 4

The apple and the hawthorn groups of Rhagoletis flies display both behavioral and _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  autopolyploidic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  gametic 
D)  temporal 
E)  mechanical 
A)  autopolyploidic 
B)  allopatric 
C)  gametic 
D)  temporal 
E)  mechanical

Question 5

Suppose one incipient species of beetle prefers to live and mate in grassy areas and its sibling incipient species prefers sandy soils.This would be an example of _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal 
B)  habitat 
C)  postzygotic 
D)  mechanical 
E)  gametic 
A)  temporal 
B)  habitat 
C)  postzygotic 
D)  mechanical 
E)  gametic

Question 6

Which is an assumption of the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The operation of natural selection 
B)  The principle of reinforcement 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Chromosomal rearrangements,particularly centric fusions 
E)  Interaction between alleles at different loci 
A)  The operation of natural selection 
B)  The principle of reinforcement 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Chromosomal rearrangements,particularly centric fusions 
E)  Interaction between alleles at different loci

Question 7

The _______ species concept holds that "species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups."

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwinian 
B)  biological 
C)  morphological 
D)  Linnaean 
E)  natural populations 
A)  Darwinian 
B)  biological 
C)  morphological 
D)  Linnaean 
E)  natural populations

Question 8

Crosses between the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T.freemani result in large numbers of hybrids that survive but are sterile.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  low hybrid zygote viability. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  low hybrid adult viability. 
D)  postzygotic reproductive isolation. 
E)  reinforcement. 
A)  low hybrid zygote viability. 
B)  behavioral isolation. 
C)  low hybrid adult viability. 
D)  postzygotic reproductive isolation. 
E)  reinforcement.

Question 9

Levin's studies suggest that differences in _______ among Phlox species act as a prezygotic isolating mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A)  flowering time 
B)  flower color 
C)  pollen type 
D)  habitat use 
E)  pollen tube length 
A)  flowering time 
B)  flower color 
C)  pollen type 
D)  habitat use 
E)  pollen tube length

Question 10

Speciation resulting from the division of a population by a physical barrier is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  reinforcement. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  Darwinian speciation. 
D)  the biological species concept. 
E)  allopatric speciation. 
A)  reinforcement. 
B)  sympatric speciation. 
C)  Darwinian speciation. 
D)  the biological species concept. 
E)  allopatric speciation.

Question 11

Rhagoletis pomonella in New York's Hudson River Valley is separating into two different groups-one that lays eggs on apples and one that lays eggs on hawthorn fruits.This fly species is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  speciation due to directional selection. 
C)  sympatric speciation due to their preference for either apple or hawthorn fruits. 
D)  the formation of new species by polyploidy. 
E)  the early stages of extinction. 
A)  allopatric speciation. 
B)  speciation due to directional selection. 
C)  sympatric speciation due to their preference for either apple or hawthorn fruits. 
D)  the formation of new species by polyploidy. 
E)  the early stages of extinction.

Question 12

The evolution of chromosomal rearrangements in Rhogeessa bats supports the role of _______ in speciation.

Accepted Answer

A)  temporal isolation 
B)  autopolyploidy 
C)  the Dobzhansky-Muller model 
D)  gametic isolation 
E)  reinforcement 
A)  temporal isolation 
B)  autopolyploidy 
C)  the Dobzhansky-Muller model 
D)  gametic isolation 
E)  reinforcement

Question 13

Which type of reproductive isolating mechanisms would most likely arise from the coevolution of male and female reproductive organs in two sympatric populations of insects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Behavioral 
B)  Temporal 
C)  Allopatric 
D)  Habitat 
E)  Mechanical 
A)  Behavioral 
B)  Temporal 
C)  Allopatric 
D)  Habitat 
E)  Mechanical

Question 14

Which statement best illustrates a common feature of all three types of species concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Biological diversity does not vary in a smooth,incremental way. 
B)  In some cases,it may be difficult to predict whether incipient species will continue to diverge. 
C)  Virtually all species exhibit some degree of genetic recombination among individuals. 
D)  Hybrid zones may form if reproductive isolation is incomplete. 
E)  A single lineage may evolve over time without giving rise to a new species. 
A)  Biological diversity does not vary in a smooth,incremental way. 
B)  In some cases,it may be difficult to predict whether incipient species will continue to diverge. 
C)  Virtually all species exhibit some degree of genetic recombination among individuals. 
D)  Hybrid zones may form if reproductive isolation is incomplete. 
E)  A single lineage may evolve over time without giving rise to a new species.

Question 15

Which statement about Rhagoletis pomonella is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding flies differ in their odor preferences. 
B)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding flies can be considered incipient species because they show partial polyploidy. 
C)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding flies emerge seasonally at approximately the same time. 
D)  The apple-laying fly is a distinct species from the hawthorn-laying fly. 
E)  Larvae of hawthorn-feeding flies grow more rapidly on apples than those of apple-feeding flies. 
A)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding flies differ in their odor preferences. 
B)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding flies can be considered incipient species because they show partial polyploidy. 
C)  The apple- and hawthorn-feeding flies emerge seasonally at approximately the same time. 
D)  The apple-laying fly is a distinct species from the hawthorn-laying fly. 
E)  Larvae of hawthorn-feeding flies grow more rapidly on apples than those of apple-feeding flies.

Question 16

Which statement about the evolution of reproductive isolation is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In some cases,complete reproductive isolation requires millions of years. 
B)  Reproductive isolation can evolve gradually in the lab,even if the researchers do not directly select for it. 
C)  Reproductive isolation tends to increase with increasing genetic distance. 
D)  Reproductive isolation is not "all-or-nothing";intermediate levels of reproductive isolation can be found. 
E)  Reproductive isolation evolves at about the same rate in nearly all groups of organisms. 
A)  In some cases,complete reproductive isolation requires millions of years. 
B)  Reproductive isolation can evolve gradually in the lab,even if the researchers do not directly select for it. 
C)  Reproductive isolation tends to increase with increasing genetic distance. 
D)  Reproductive isolation is not "all-or-nothing";intermediate levels of reproductive isolation can be found. 
E)  Reproductive isolation evolves at about the same rate in nearly all groups of organisms.

Question 17

Drosophila pseudoobscura and D.persimilis are two species of flies that live in the western United States.The geographic range of D.persimilis,which is much smaller than that of D.pseudoobscura,is enclosed within the range of D.pseudoobscura.Findings by Mohamed Noor and others show that D.pseudoobscura taken from areas that overlap with D.persimilis are less likely to mate with D.persimilis than are the D.pseudoobscura flies from populations that do not experience D.persimilis.What is the most likely explanation for these results?

Accepted Answer

A)  Reinforcement 
B)  The Dobzhansky-Muller model 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Habitat isolation 
E)  Gametic isolation 
A)  Reinforcement 
B)  The Dobzhansky-Muller model 
C)  Temporal isolation 
D)  Habitat isolation 
E)  Gametic isolation

Question 18

Before transferring sperm to the female during mating,the males of some species of beetles use their copulatory organs to remove the sperm of other males.In cases in which a female mated first with a male of a different species,the male of her own species is particularly adept at removing the other male's sperm.This is an example of _______ isolation.

Accepted Answer

A)  geographical 
B)  temporal 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  behavioral 
A)  geographical 
B)  temporal 
C)  prezygotic 
D)  postzygotic 
E)  behavioral

Question 19

Which is not a likely reason for the diversification of Lake Malawi cichilds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Diet specialization 
B)  Habitat specialization 
C)  Polyploidy 
D)  Male competition for females 
E)  All of the above are reasons for the diversification. 
A)  Diet specialization 
B)  Habitat specialization 
C)  Polyploidy 
D)  Male competition for females 
E)  All of the above are reasons for the diversification.

Question 20

A diploid fish hybridizes with a closely related tetraploid.If the haploid number is 22,how many chromosomes would the hybrids be expected to have?

Accepted Answer

A)  11 
B)  22 
C)  44 
D)  66 
E)  88 
A)  11 
B)  22 
C)  44 
D)  66 
E)  88

Exam 17: Speciation

Which statement about polyploidy in plants is false?

Which evolutionary process was required for sympatric speciation in species such as the apple maggot fly?

Several hundred species of Drosophila live in the Hawaiian Islands and nowhere else.These species are thus considered to be _______ to those islands.

The apple and the hawthorn groups of Rhagoletis flies display both behavioral and _______ isolation.

Suppose one incipient species of beetle prefers to live and mate in grassy areas and its sibling incipient species prefers sandy soils.This would be an example of _______ isolation.

Which is an assumption of the Dobzhansky-Muller model of speciation?

The _______ species concept holds that "species are groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups."

Crosses between the flour beetles Tribolium castaneum and T.freemani result in large numbers of hybrids that survive but are sterile.This is an example of

Levin's studies suggest that differences in _______ among Phlox species act as a prezygotic isolating mechanism.

Speciation resulting from the division of a population by a physical barrier is known as

Rhagoletis pomonella in New York's Hudson River Valley is separating into two different groups-one that lays eggs on apples and one that lays eggs on hawthorn fruits.This fly species is demonstrating

The evolution of chromosomal rearrangements in Rhogeessa bats supports the role of _______ in speciation.

Which type of reproductive isolating mechanisms would most likely arise from the coevolution of male and female reproductive organs in two sympatric populations of insects?

Which statement best illustrates a common feature of all three types of species concepts?

Which statement about Rhagoletis pomonella is true?

Which statement about the evolution of reproductive isolation is false?

Which is not a likely reason for the diversification of Lake Malawi cichilds?

A diploid fish hybridizes with a closely related tetraploid.If the haploid number is 22,how many chromosomes would the hybrids be expected to have?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters