Question 1

The adaptive advantage of seed dormancy is that it may

Accepted Answer

A)  result in germination at a favorable time. 
B)  increase the probability of a seed's germinating in the right place. 
C)  allow the seed to avoid competition. 
D)  increase the likelihood of dispersal. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  result in germination at a favorable time. 
B)  increase the probability of a seed's germinating in the right place. 
C)  allow the seed to avoid competition. 
D)  increase the likelihood of dispersal. 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

The increasing popularity of small home vegetable gardens over the last century has increased the need for smaller,dwarf cultivars of various vegetables such as peas and tomatoes.In general,these dwarfs produce less _______ than their wild-type counterparts.

Accepted Answer

A)  auxin 
B)  cytokinin 
C)  gibberellic acid 
D)  ethylene 
E)  brassinosteroid 
A)  auxin 
B)  cytokinin 
C)  gibberellic acid 
D)  ethylene 
E)  brassinosteroid

Question 3

The likely result of treating a shoot cutting with auxin would be

Accepted Answer

A)  root production. 
B)  suppression of apical dominance. 
C)  the growth of lateral buds. 
D)  bolting of the shoot. 
E)  nothing. 
A)  root production. 
B)  suppression of apical dominance. 
C)  the growth of lateral buds. 
D)  bolting of the shoot. 
E)  nothing.

Question 4

The protein pigment phytochrome is thought to allow plants to detect photoperiod because

Accepted Answer

A)  it can be converted into two different forms,depending on the specific wavelengths of light that it absorbs. 
B)  it absorbs red light during the day and breaks down in darkness. 
C)  the photoperiod response depends on how much light is absorbed by phytochrome. 
D)  the pigment becomes inactive in the dark. 
E)  the pigment response can be observed only in intact living plants. 
A)  it can be converted into two different forms,depending on the specific wavelengths of light that it absorbs. 
B)  it absorbs red light during the day and breaks down in darkness. 
C)  the photoperiod response depends on how much light is absorbed by phytochrome. 
D)  the pigment becomes inactive in the dark. 
E)  the pigment response can be observed only in intact living plants.

Question 5

A scientist receives a seed sample from a plant growing in an unknown location and discovers that prolonged cold treatment is needed to break seed dormancy.This suggests that in the native habitat of the plant,the colder part of the year

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs right before the best growing season. 
B)  is favorable for growth. 
C)  lasts for several months. 
D)  is brief. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  occurs right before the best growing season. 
B)  is favorable for growth. 
C)  lasts for several months. 
D)  is brief. 
E)  None of the above

Question 6

A new variety of geranium is found that,unlike other members of the genus,grows for a year as a squat,short plant and then rapidly elongates its stem to produce a tall stem with many flowers.What hormone is most likely produced in large amounts just before the elongating of the stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auxin 
B)  Abscisic acid 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Ethylene 
E)  Cytokinins 
A)  Auxin 
B)  Abscisic acid 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Ethylene 
E)  Cytokinins

Question 7

In plant seeds that germinate in response to a brief pulse of light,_______ is most effective in triggering germination.

Accepted Answer

A)  green light 
B)  far-red light 
C)  red light 
D)  the initiation of photosynthesis 
E)  red light followed by far-red light 
A)  green light 
B)  far-red light 
C)  red light 
D)  the initiation of photosynthesis 
E)  red light followed by far-red light

Question 8

Which plant hormone is a gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cytokinins 
B)  Abscisic acid 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Auxin 
E)  Ethylene 
A)  Cytokinins 
B)  Abscisic acid 
C)  Gibberellins 
D)  Auxin 
E)  Ethylene

Question 9

The physiologically active form of phytochrome

Accepted Answer

A)  is Pfr. 
B)  is Pr. 
C)  is located in the cell membrane. 
D)  absorbs red light. 
E)  is 730 nm in diameter. 
A)  is Pfr. 
B)  is Pr. 
C)  is located in the cell membrane. 
D)  absorbs red light. 
E)  is 730 nm in diameter.

Question 10

Which method is most useful for studying plant signal transduction pathways?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genetic screens of mutants 
B)  Extensive field tests 
C)  Careful analysis of seeds 
D)  Extensive planting programs 
E)  Data collection in the wild 
A)  Genetic screens of mutants 
B)  Extensive field tests 
C)  Careful analysis of seeds 
D)  Extensive planting programs 
E)  Data collection in the wild

Question 11

Unlike other plant hormones,ethylene

Accepted Answer

A)  is not produced by all plants. 
B)  is a steroid. 
C)  inhibits root expansion. 
D)  acts strictly as a promoter. 
E)  is a gas. 
A)  is not produced by all plants. 
B)  is a steroid. 
C)  inhibits root expansion. 
D)  acts strictly as a promoter. 
E)  is a gas.

Question 12

This new genetic variant displays which characteristic?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parthenocarpy 
B)  Increased abscission 
C)  Decreased abscission 
D)  Increased apical dominance 
E)  Decreased apical dominance 
A)  Parthenocarpy 
B)  Increased abscission 
C)  Decreased abscission 
D)  Increased apical dominance 
E)  Decreased apical dominance

Question 13

The gibberellin signal transduction pathway leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  the inhibition of the polyubiquitination of repressor proteins. 
B)  the inactivation of growth-stimulating genes. 
C)  the inactivation of proteases. 
D)  protein breakdown to allow for gene expression. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  the inhibition of the polyubiquitination of repressor proteins. 
B)  the inactivation of growth-stimulating genes. 
C)  the inactivation of proteases. 
D)  protein breakdown to allow for gene expression. 
E)  All of the above

Question 14

Loosening of the plant cell wall for expansion is promoted by

Accepted Answer

A)  cellulose molecules. 
B)  high pH. 
C)  acid-activated expansins. 
D)  water uptake by the vacuole. 
E)  cross-linking polymers. 
A)  cellulose molecules. 
B)  high pH. 
C)  acid-activated expansins. 
D)  water uptake by the vacuole. 
E)  cross-linking polymers.

Question 15

Proton pumps within a cell tend to make the inside of the cell _______ acidic than the outside,and the outside of the cell _______ acidic than the inside.

Accepted Answer

A)  more;more 
B)  more;less 
C)  less;more 
D)  less;less 
E)  None of the above;proton pumps do not affect the acidity levels of a cell. 
A)  more;more 
B)  more;less 
C)  less;more 
D)  less;less 
E)  None of the above;proton pumps do not affect the acidity levels of a cell.

Question 16

Which sequence represents the correct order of events that cause auxin to move in a polar direction in a plant stem?

Accepted Answer

A)  The ionized auxin is transported into the cell by efflux carriers,the auxin gains a proton in the basic cytosol,and the non-ionized auxin passively diffuses out of the base of the cell. 
B)  Auxin picks up a proton in the basic cell wall space,the non-ionized auxin passively diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell,the auxin loses a proton in the more acidic cytosol,the ionized auxin is transported out of the cell by an efflux carrier located only at the base of the cell,and the proton pumps in the cell membrane acidify the cell wall space. 
C)  Auxin passively diffuses into the cell as an anion,auxin stimulates proton pumps in the cell membrane to acidify the cytosol,the auxin picks up a proton to become uncharged,and the non-ionized auxin is actively transported out of the cell by efflux carriers. 
D)  Proton pumps in the cell membrane acidify the cell wall space,auxin picks up a proton in the acidic cell wall space,the non-ionized auxin passively diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell,the auxin loses a proton in the more basic cytosol,and the ionized auxin is transported out of the cell by an efflux carrier located only at the base of the cell. 
E)  Auxin moves down its concentration gradient from the tip of the plant where it is made to the base where it is used,passively entering and exiting each cell along the way. 
A)  The ionized auxin is transported into the cell by efflux carriers,the auxin gains a proton in the basic cytosol,and the non-ionized auxin passively diffuses out of the base of the cell. 
B)  Auxin picks up a proton in the basic cell wall space,the non-ionized auxin passively diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell,the auxin loses a proton in the more acidic cytosol,the ionized auxin is transported out of the cell by an efflux carrier located only at the base of the cell,and the proton pumps in the cell membrane acidify the cell wall space. 
C)  Auxin passively diffuses into the cell as an anion,auxin stimulates proton pumps in the cell membrane to acidify the cytosol,the auxin picks up a proton to become uncharged,and the non-ionized auxin is actively transported out of the cell by efflux carriers. 
D)  Proton pumps in the cell membrane acidify the cell wall space,auxin picks up a proton in the acidic cell wall space,the non-ionized auxin passively diffuses across the cell membrane into the cell,the auxin loses a proton in the more basic cytosol,and the ionized auxin is transported out of the cell by an efflux carrier located only at the base of the cell. 
E)  Auxin moves down its concentration gradient from the tip of the plant where it is made to the base where it is used,passively entering and exiting each cell along the way.

Question 17

As a seed undergoes the early stages of germination,its water content will _______ and its water potential will become _______ negative.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase;more 
B)  increase;less 
C)  stay the same;more 
D)  stay the same;less 
E)  decrease;more 
A)  increase;more 
B)  increase;less 
C)  stay the same;more 
D)  stay the same;less 
E)  decrease;more

Question 18

You are at the store and want to buy a light to start seedlings for your garden.The store only has colored light bulbs-which one should you pick?

Accepted Answer

A)  Green 
B)  Yellow 
C)  Orange 
D)  Purple 
E)  Red 
A)  Green 
B)  Yellow 
C)  Orange 
D)  Purple 
E)  Red

Question 19

A biology class studying plant development is observing the germination of orange seeds.What structure are they most likely to observe emerging first from the seed coat?

Accepted Answer

A)  Hypocotyl 
B)  Epicotyl 
C)  Coleoptile 
D)  Cotyledon 
E)  Radicle 
A)  Hypocotyl 
B)  Epicotyl 
C)  Coleoptile 
D)  Cotyledon 
E)  Radicle

Question 20

A scientist is studying the signals that promote seed germination in a newly discovered desert shrub.Moistening the seeds with various hormones and varying the temperature do not cause the seeds to germinate.What would be the best germination-inducing signal to try next?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red light 
B)  Abscisic acid 
C)  Starches 
D)  Blue light 
E)  Friction 
A)  Red light 
B)  Abscisic acid 
C)  Starches 
D)  Blue light 
E)  Friction

Exam 26: Plant Growth and Development

The adaptive advantage of seed dormancy is that it may

The increasing popularity of small home vegetable gardens over the last century has increased the need for smaller,dwarf cultivars of various vegetables such as peas and tomatoes.In general,these dwarfs produce less _______ than their wild-type counterparts.

The likely result of treating a shoot cutting with auxin would be

The protein pigment phytochrome is thought to allow plants to detect photoperiod because

A scientist receives a seed sample from a plant growing in an unknown location and discovers that prolonged cold treatment is needed to break seed dormancy.This suggests that in the native habitat of the plant,the colder part of the year

A new variety of geranium is found that,unlike other members of the genus,grows for a year as a squat,short plant and then rapidly elongates its stem to produce a tall stem with many flowers.What hormone is most likely produced in large amounts just before the elongating of the stem?

In plant seeds that germinate in response to a brief pulse of light,_______ is most effective in triggering germination.

Which plant hormone is a gas?

The physiologically active form of phytochrome

Which method is most useful for studying plant signal transduction pathways?

Unlike other plant hormones,ethylene

This new genetic variant displays which characteristic?

The gibberellin signal transduction pathway leads to

Loosening of the plant cell wall for expansion is promoted by

Proton pumps within a cell tend to make the inside of the cell _______ acidic than the outside,and the outside of the cell _______ acidic than the inside.

Which sequence represents the correct order of events that cause auxin to move in a polar direction in a plant stem?

As a seed undergoes the early stages of germination,its water content will _______ and its water potential will become _______ negative.

You are at the store and want to buy a light to start seedlings for your garden.The store only has colored light bulbs-which one should you pick?

A biology class studying plant development is observing the germination of orange seeds.What structure are they most likely to observe emerging first from the seed coat?

A scientist is studying the signals that promote seed germination in a newly discovered desert shrub.Moistening the seeds with various hormones and varying the temperature do not cause the seeds to germinate.What would be the best germination-inducing signal to try next?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Proton pumps within a cell tend to make the inside of the cell _ acidic than the outside,and the outside of the cell _ acidic than the inside.

As a seed undergoes the early stages of germination,its water content will _ and its water potential will become _ negative.