Question 1

Auxins are plant hormones that affect

Accepted Answer

A)  root initiation. 
B)  leaf abscission. 
C)  apical dominance. 
D)  cell expansion. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  root initiation. 
B)  leaf abscission. 
C)  apical dominance. 
D)  cell expansion. 
E)  All of the above

Question 2

You are observing a seed that has recently increased greatly in size and metabolic rate.What process has caused these changes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imbibition 
B)  Elongation 
C)  Activation 
D)  Ripening 
E)  None of the above 
A)  Imbibition 
B)  Elongation 
C)  Activation 
D)  Ripening 
E)  None of the above

Question 3

Leaf abscission involves

Accepted Answer

A)  initiation of new tissue growth. 
B)  orientation of a leaf toward the light. 
C)  regeneration of a leaf after a wound. 
D)  maturation of leaf tissue. 
E)  separation of leaves from stems. 
A)  initiation of new tissue growth. 
B)  orientation of a leaf toward the light. 
C)  regeneration of a leaf after a wound. 
D)  maturation of leaf tissue. 
E)  separation of leaves from stems.

Question 4

Which sequence represents the correct order of the stages of seed germination and subsequent events?

Accepted Answer

A)  Imbibition $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$ cell division $\rightarrow$  starch degradation 
B)  Imbibition $\rightarrow$  starch degradation $\rightarrow$  cell division $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis 
C)  Starch degradation $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$  cell division $\rightarrow$  imbibition 
D)  Starch degradation $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$  imbibition $\rightarrow$  cell division 
E)  Imbibition $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$ starch degradation $\rightarrow$  cell division 
A)  Imbibition $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$ cell division $\rightarrow$  starch degradation 
B)  Imbibition $\rightarrow$  starch degradation $\rightarrow$  cell division $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis 
C)  Starch degradation $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$  cell division $\rightarrow$  imbibition 
D)  Starch degradation $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$  imbibition $\rightarrow$  cell division 
E)  Imbibition $\rightarrow$  RNA synthesis $\rightarrow$ starch degradation $\rightarrow$  cell division

Question 5

Which statement correctly describes the signal transduction pathway initiated by the binding of cytokinins to its receptor protein?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein kinase activity occurs at the cytoplasmic end of the receptor,leading to activation of effectors. 
B)  Protein kinase activity occurs at the extracellular end of the receptor,leading to activation of transcription factors. 
C)  Transcription factors are activated,leading to activation of effectors. 
D)  Gene transcription leads to production of more receptor proteins. 
E)  The cytokinin‒receptor complex enters the nucleus,leading to gene expression. 
A)  Protein kinase activity occurs at the cytoplasmic end of the receptor,leading to activation of effectors. 
B)  Protein kinase activity occurs at the extracellular end of the receptor,leading to activation of transcription factors. 
C)  Transcription factors are activated,leading to activation of effectors. 
D)  Gene transcription leads to production of more receptor proteins. 
E)  The cytokinin‒receptor complex enters the nucleus,leading to gene expression.

Question 6

Commercial preparations of _______ can be applied to cereal grains in order to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  abscisic acid;soften them 
B)  abscisic acid;prevent seed germination 
C)  auxins;prevent seed germination 
D)  auxins;cause parthenocarpy 
E)  gibberellins;soften them 
A)  abscisic acid;soften them 
B)  abscisic acid;prevent seed germination 
C)  auxins;prevent seed germination 
D)  auxins;cause parthenocarpy 
E)  gibberellins;soften them

Question 7

The discovery of auxin can be traced back to the work of Charles and Francis Darwin and their studies of

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  photorespiration. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  phototropism. 
E)  photoperiodism. 
A)  photosynthesis. 
B)  photorespiration. 
C)  photophosphorylation. 
D)  phototropism. 
E)  photoperiodism.

Question 8

Phototropin is a

Accepted Answer

A)  type of phytochrome. 
B)  type of hormone receptor. 
C)  type of hormone. 
D)  blue-light receptor. 
E)  transcription factor. 
A)  type of phytochrome. 
B)  type of hormone receptor. 
C)  type of hormone. 
D)  blue-light receptor. 
E)  transcription factor.

Question 9

A botanist places an agar block containing auxin on the cut top surface of a sunflower seedling,positioning it off-center.If the auxin,as expected,diffuses into the stem as if it had come from the tip of the coleoptile,what is the botanist likely to find after a day has passed?

Accepted Answer

A)  The sunflower has grown straight up. 
B)  The sunflower has grown and bent away from the side with the block. 
C)  The sunflower has grown and bent toward the side with the block. 
D)  The sunflower has failed to grow. 
E)  The sunflower has died. 
A)  The sunflower has grown straight up. 
B)  The sunflower has grown and bent away from the side with the block. 
C)  The sunflower has grown and bent toward the side with the block. 
D)  The sunflower has failed to grow. 
E)  The sunflower has died.

Question 10

An unripe lemon that is placed in a paper bag with an apple will ripen: its skin will yellow,it will soften,and it will produce the characteristic lemon odor.Which plant hormone released by the apple causes this effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Auxin 
B)  Ethylene 
C)  Cytokinins 
D)  Gibberellins 
E)  Abscisic acid 
A)  Auxin 
B)  Ethylene 
C)  Cytokinins 
D)  Gibberellins 
E)  Abscisic acid

Question 11

The movement of auxin in plants is said to be "polar," which means that auxin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a chemically polar molecule. 
B)  is produced only in one part of the plant. 
C)  is primarily transported in only one direction in the plant. 
D)  moves in a direction away from the light. 
E)  cannot move through gelatin unless it is bound to a polar molecule. 
A)  is a chemically polar molecule. 
B)  is produced only in one part of the plant. 
C)  is primarily transported in only one direction in the plant. 
D)  moves in a direction away from the light. 
E)  cannot move through gelatin unless it is bound to a polar molecule.

Question 12

Whereas gibberellins promote seed germination,_______ promote(s)dormancy.

Accepted Answer

A)  auxin 
B)  cytokinins 
C)  abscisic acid 
D)  brassinosteroids 
E)  ethylene 
A)  auxin 
B)  cytokinins 
C)  abscisic acid 
D)  brassinosteroids 
E)  ethylene

Question 13

Beer breweries use gibberellins to ensure consistent germination and liberation of sugars from starch in grain endosperm.Which layer of the grain responds to the applied gibberellins?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mesophyll 
B)  Cotyledon 
C)  Aleurone 
D)  Seed coat 
E)  Embryo 
A)  Mesophyll 
B)  Cotyledon 
C)  Aleurone 
D)  Seed coat 
E)  Embryo

Question 14

Which mutation would most likely damage a plant's ability to respond to light or to gravity?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mutation that reduced activity of the proton pump 
B)  A mutation that enhanced activity of the proton pump 
C)  A mutation that disabled movement of ubiquitin 
D)  A mutation that changed the absorption spectrum for phototropin 
E)  A mutation that disabled movement of the auxin anion efflux carriers 
A)  A mutation that reduced activity of the proton pump 
B)  A mutation that enhanced activity of the proton pump 
C)  A mutation that disabled movement of ubiquitin 
D)  A mutation that changed the absorption spectrum for phototropin 
E)  A mutation that disabled movement of the auxin anion efflux carriers

Question 15

If you were conducting a study to determine how seeds from various habitats break dormancy,which experimental variable would be least useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fire 
B)  Low oxygen levels 
C)  Cycles of freezing and thawing 
D)  Washing away of inhibitor molecules 
E)  Variations in soil microorganisms 
A)  Fire 
B)  Low oxygen levels 
C)  Cycles of freezing and thawing 
D)  Washing away of inhibitor molecules 
E)  Variations in soil microorganisms

Question 16

In apple plants,cotyledons protect the shoot of the seedling as it grows.Eventually,the plant becomes a small deciduous tree that produces large pomaceous fruits (the apple).Based on this developmental course,one can infer that

Accepted Answer

A)  apple plants are evergreen. 
B)  the apple lacks apical dominance. 
C)  the apple is a monocot. 
D)  the apple is a eudicot. 
E)  apple hormones are produced by specialized glands. 
A)  apple plants are evergreen. 
B)  the apple lacks apical dominance. 
C)  the apple is a monocot. 
D)  the apple is a eudicot. 
E)  apple hormones are produced by specialized glands.

Question 17

If a mutant plant were created that lacked the receptor for ethylene,its leaves would

Accepted Answer

A)  not expand as much as wild-type leaves. 
B)  be unable to turn green in the spring. 
C)  produce excess cytokinins to compensate for the missing ethylene response. 
D)  be unable to undergo abscission in the fall. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  not expand as much as wild-type leaves. 
B)  be unable to turn green in the spring. 
C)  produce excess cytokinins to compensate for the missing ethylene response. 
D)  be unable to undergo abscission in the fall. 
E)  None of the above

Question 18

Shortly after sundown after a long sunny day,the concentrations of the Pr isoform are

Accepted Answer

A)  high and increasing. 
B)  high and stable. 
C)  high and decreasing. 
D)  low and increasing. 
E)  low and decreasing. 
A)  high and increasing. 
B)  high and stable. 
C)  high and decreasing. 
D)  low and increasing. 
E)  low and decreasing.

Question 19

All of the following are plant hormones except

Accepted Answer

A)  abscisic acid. 
B)  brassinosteroids. 
C)  cytokinins. 
D)  gibberellins. 
E)  phytochrome. 
A)  abscisic acid. 
B)  brassinosteroids. 
C)  cytokinins. 
D)  gibberellins. 
E)  phytochrome.

Question 20

Auxin polar transport goes

Accepted Answer

A)  from shoot tip to root tip. 
B)  from base to tip. 
C)  either from shoot tip to base or from base to shoot tip. 
D)  primarily from shoot tip to root tip,but sometimes in reverse. 
E)  primarily from root tip to shoot tip,but sometimes in reverse. 
A)  from shoot tip to root tip. 
B)  from base to tip. 
C)  either from shoot tip to base or from base to shoot tip. 
D)  primarily from shoot tip to root tip,but sometimes in reverse. 
E)  primarily from root tip to shoot tip,but sometimes in reverse.

Exam 26: Plant Growth and Development

Auxins are plant hormones that affect

You are observing a seed that has recently increased greatly in size and metabolic rate.What process has caused these changes?

Leaf abscission involves

Which sequence represents the correct order of the stages of seed germination and subsequent events?

Which statement correctly describes the signal transduction pathway initiated by the binding of cytokinins to its receptor protein?

Commercial preparations of _______ can be applied to cereal grains in order to _______.

The discovery of auxin can be traced back to the work of Charles and Francis Darwin and their studies of

Phototropin is a

A botanist places an agar block containing auxin on the cut top surface of a sunflower seedling,positioning it off-center.If the auxin,as expected,diffuses into the stem as if it had come from the tip of the coleoptile,what is the botanist likely to find after a day has passed?

An unripe lemon that is placed in a paper bag with an apple will ripen: its skin will yellow,it will soften,and it will produce the characteristic lemon odor.Which plant hormone released by the apple causes this effect?

The movement of auxin in plants is said to be "polar," which means that auxin

Whereas gibberellins promote seed germination,_______ promote(s)dormancy.

Beer breweries use gibberellins to ensure consistent germination and liberation of sugars from starch in grain endosperm.Which layer of the grain responds to the applied gibberellins?

Which mutation would most likely damage a plant's ability to respond to light or to gravity?

If you were conducting a study to determine how seeds from various habitats break dormancy,which experimental variable would be least useful?

In apple plants,cotyledons protect the shoot of the seedling as it grows.Eventually,the plant becomes a small deciduous tree that produces large pomaceous fruits (the apple).Based on this developmental course,one can infer that

If a mutant plant were created that lacked the receptor for ethylene,its leaves would

Shortly after sundown after a long sunny day,the concentrations of the Pr isoform are

All of the following are plant hormones except

Auxin polar transport goes

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Commercial preparations of _ can be applied to cereal grains in order to _.

Shortly after sundown after a long sunny day,the concentrations of the P_r isoform are