Question 1

Gravitropism would not be observed in a plant grown in a weightless environment,because gravitropism is the phenomenon by which a plant part grows

Accepted Answer

A)  toward the gravitational center of Earth. 
B)  in a direction determined by gravity. 
C)  in a direction opposite to the main light source. 
D)  in a direction opposite to the growth of the shoot. 
E)  toward the darkest area. 
A)  toward the gravitational center of Earth. 
B)  in a direction determined by gravity. 
C)  in a direction opposite to the main light source. 
D)  in a direction opposite to the growth of the shoot. 
E)  toward the darkest area.

Question 2

After a few days,a houseplant that has been accidentally knocked on its side will produce shoots that are growing upward relative to its new position.This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

A)  positive gravitropism. 
B)  negative gravitropism. 
C)  positive phototropism. 
D)  negative phototropism. 
E)  positive thigmotropism. 
A)  positive gravitropism. 
B)  negative gravitropism. 
C)  positive phototropism. 
D)  negative phototropism. 
E)  positive thigmotropism.

Question 3

In cell cultures,root formation can be promoted by _______ auxin concentrations and _______ concentrations.

Accepted Answer

A)  decreasing;increasing gibberellin 
B)  increasing;decreasing cytokinin 
C)  increasing;decreasing gibberellin 
D)  decreasing;increasing cytokinin 
E)  increasing;increasing cytokinin 
A)  decreasing;increasing gibberellin 
B)  increasing;decreasing cytokinin 
C)  increasing;decreasing gibberellin 
D)  decreasing;increasing cytokinin 
E)  increasing;increasing cytokinin

Question 4

A researcher studying a seedling can determine its stage of development according to the molecular phenomena that are occurring.If DNA synthesis is observed,the seedling is at the stage at which

Accepted Answer

A)  gibberellins are secreted by the embryo. 
B)  the embryonic root,or radicle,begins to grow. 
C)  imbibition takes place. 
D)  the endosperm starts metabolizing starches,proteins,and lipids. 
E)  the aleurone layer assembles enzymes,proteases,and ribonucleases. 
A)  gibberellins are secreted by the embryo. 
B)  the embryonic root,or radicle,begins to grow. 
C)  imbibition takes place. 
D)  the endosperm starts metabolizing starches,proteins,and lipids. 
E)  the aleurone layer assembles enzymes,proteases,and ribonucleases.

Question 5

Plant primary roots typically grow into the ground by responding to the directional signal of gravity.If you wanted to identify a plant that had a mutation in its gravity signal transduction pathway,which method would be most useful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Growing a batch of seeds in zero-gravity conditions and then collecting any seedlings with primary roots that are growing in different directions 
B)  Treating a batch of seeds with a mutagen,placing each germinating seed on the soil with the primary roots emerging in a different direction,and collecting any plants with primary roots that grow into the soil 
C)  Treating a batch of seeds with a mutagen,growing them alongside wild-type seeds,and collecting any seedlings with primary roots growing longer than the wild-type roots 
D)  Growing a batch of seeds in zero-gravity conditions and then collecting any seedlings with primary roots that are growing toward the ground 
E)  Treating a batch of seeds with a mutagen,growing them alongside wild-type seeds,and collecting any seedlings with primary roots growing in a direction that is different from that of the wild-type roots 
A)  Growing a batch of seeds in zero-gravity conditions and then collecting any seedlings with primary roots that are growing in different directions 
B)  Treating a batch of seeds with a mutagen,placing each germinating seed on the soil with the primary roots emerging in a different direction,and collecting any plants with primary roots that grow into the soil 
C)  Treating a batch of seeds with a mutagen,growing them alongside wild-type seeds,and collecting any seedlings with primary roots growing longer than the wild-type roots 
D)  Growing a batch of seeds in zero-gravity conditions and then collecting any seedlings with primary roots that are growing toward the ground 
E)  Treating a batch of seeds with a mutagen,growing them alongside wild-type seeds,and collecting any seedlings with primary roots growing in a direction that is different from that of the wild-type roots

Question 6

All of the following may serve to break dormancy and initiate seed germination except

Accepted Answer

A)  abrasion. 
B)  fire. 
C)  exposure to water. 
D)  treatment with abscisic acid. 
E)  treatment with gibberellic acid. 
A)  abrasion. 
B)  fire. 
C)  exposure to water. 
D)  treatment with abscisic acid. 
E)  treatment with gibberellic acid.

Question 7

In order to respond to environmental stimuli,plants employ sequences of biochemical reactions called

Accepted Answer

A)  signal transduction pathways. 
B)  cellular responses. 
C)  regulation. 
D)  cell elongation. 
E)  abscission. 
A)  signal transduction pathways. 
B)  cellular responses. 
C)  regulation. 
D)  cell elongation. 
E)  abscission.

Question 8

A plant's bushiness is promoted by a _______ ratio.

Accepted Answer

A)  high auxin-to-gibberellin 
B)  low auxin-to-gibberellin 
C)  high auxin-to-cytokinin 
D)  low auxin-to-cytokinin 
E)  high gibberellin-to-cytokinin 
A)  high auxin-to-gibberellin 
B)  low auxin-to-gibberellin 
C)  high auxin-to-cytokinin 
D)  low auxin-to-cytokinin 
E)  high gibberellin-to-cytokinin

Question 9

It was discovered recently that both auxin and gibberellins have specific protein receptors which,when bound by hormones,

Accepted Answer

A)  inactivate certain gene repressors in the nucleus. 
B)  activate certain gene repressors in the nucleus. 
C)  initiate a protein kinase cascade. 
D)  activate proton pumps in the cell membrane. 
E)  acidify the cell wall. 
A)  inactivate certain gene repressors in the nucleus. 
B)  activate certain gene repressors in the nucleus. 
C)  initiate a protein kinase cascade. 
D)  activate proton pumps in the cell membrane. 
E)  acidify the cell wall.

Question 10

You remove the cotyledons from a seed,but the embryo still grows normally for the first few days.The most likely reason is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the seed has its reserves in the endosperm. 
B)  the embryo has extra,hidden cotyledons. 
C)  the seed contains a fungal symbiont. 
D)  the embryo is digesting the seed coat to replace the missing cotyledons. 
E)  the seed contains digestible pigments in its roots. 
A)  the seed has its reserves in the endosperm. 
B)  the embryo has extra,hidden cotyledons. 
C)  the seed contains a fungal symbiont. 
D)  the embryo is digesting the seed coat to replace the missing cotyledons. 
E)  the seed contains digestible pigments in its roots.

Question 11

Phytochrome has the capacity to

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb red light. 
B)  absorb far-red light. 
C)  act as a protein kinase. 
D)  bind to transcription factors. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  absorb red light. 
B)  absorb far-red light. 
C)  act as a protein kinase. 
D)  bind to transcription factors. 
E)  All of the above

Question 12

Molecules that are active at small concentrations and regulate plant development are called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Molecules that are active at small concentrations...

Question 13

The pre-photosynthetic seedling must survive using resources from the _______ or the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  cotyledons;endosperm 
B)  radicle;hypocotyl 
C)  foliage leaf;epicotyl 
D)  seed coat;coleoptile 
E)  apical hook;secondary roots 
A)  cotyledons;endosperm 
B)  radicle;hypocotyl 
C)  foliage leaf;epicotyl 
D)  seed coat;coleoptile 
E)  apical hook;secondary roots

Question 14

Experimental removal of the auxin source demonstrates that leaf abscission is _______ by auxin and apical dominance is _______ by auxin.

Accepted Answer

A)  promoted;also promoted 
B)  inhibited;also inhibited 
C)  promoted;inhibited 
D)  inhibited;promoted 
E)  promoted;unaffected 
A)  promoted;also promoted 
B)  inhibited;also inhibited 
C)  promoted;inhibited 
D)  inhibited;promoted 
E)  promoted;unaffected

Question 15

A botanist is trying to isolate all of the auxin produced in a bean plant by extracting it from seedlings in a range of developmental stages.Which aspect of plant hormones must the scientist take into consideration while planning the extraction protocol?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a single specific role. 
B)  They affect mainly the cells that produce them. 
C)  They are species-specific. 
D)  They are produced in many different parts of the plant. 
E)  They elicit rapid responses. 
A)  They have a single specific role. 
B)  They affect mainly the cells that produce them. 
C)  They are species-specific. 
D)  They are produced in many different parts of the plant. 
E)  They elicit rapid responses.

Question 16

When seedlings bend towards the light,what light receptor is involved?

Accepted Answer

A)  Zeaxanthin 
B)  Phototropin 
C)  Cryptochrome 
D)  Phytochrome 
E)  All of the above 
A)  Zeaxanthin 
B)  Phototropin 
C)  Cryptochrome 
D)  Phytochrome 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

In promoting normal germination (and also in brewing,when production of sugars for alcoholic fermentation is desired),gibberellins

Accepted Answer

A)  absorb light. 
B)  cause stem elongation. 
C)  mobilize stored foods. 
D)  take up water. 
E)  direct the shoot upward. 
A)  absorb light. 
B)  cause stem elongation. 
C)  mobilize stored foods. 
D)  take up water. 
E)  direct the shoot upward.

Question 18

Seeds of a plant that is native to Mexico are released in mid-spring just as their native habitat is drying out and becoming unfavorably hot.They are dormant after they are released.This example demonstrates that seed dormancy usually helps ensure that

Accepted Answer

A)  the embryo is mature. 
B)  germination occurs at a favorable time. 
C)  seeds germinate near the parent plant. 
D)  levels of abscisic acid are high enough for seed germination. 
E)  many seeds are ready to germinate. 
A)  the embryo is mature. 
B)  germination occurs at a favorable time. 
C)  seeds germinate near the parent plant. 
D)  levels of abscisic acid are high enough for seed germination. 
E)  many seeds are ready to germinate.

Question 19

Which process is not affected by ethylene?

Accepted Answer

A)  Breakdown of fruit cell walls 
B)  Promotion of leaf abscission 
C)  Ripening of fruit 
D)  Inhibition of stem elongation 
E)  Opening of the eudicot apical hook 
A)  Breakdown of fruit cell walls 
B)  Promotion of leaf abscission 
C)  Ripening of fruit 
D)  Inhibition of stem elongation 
E)  Opening of the eudicot apical hook

Question 20

Florists use silver thiosulfate to

Accepted Answer

A)  delay abscission of petals caused by the action of auxin. 
B)  delay abscission of leaves caused by the action of abscisic acid. 
C)  keep petals from turning brown due to the action of ethylene. 
D)  keep leaves green longer by promoting the action of cytokinins. 
E)  prevent microbial decay of senescing leaves and petals. 
A)  delay abscission of petals caused by the action of auxin. 
B)  delay abscission of leaves caused by the action of abscisic acid. 
C)  keep petals from turning brown due to the action of ethylene. 
D)  keep leaves green longer by promoting the action of cytokinins. 
E)  prevent microbial decay of senescing leaves and petals.

Exam 26: Plant Growth and Development

Gravitropism would not be observed in a plant grown in a weightless environment,because gravitropism is the phenomenon by which a plant part grows

After a few days,a houseplant that has been accidentally knocked on its side will produce shoots that are growing upward relative to its new position.This phenomenon is called

In cell cultures,root formation can be promoted by _______ auxin concentrations and _______ concentrations.

A researcher studying a seedling can determine its stage of development according to the molecular phenomena that are occurring.If DNA synthesis is observed,the seedling is at the stage at which

Plant primary roots typically grow into the ground by responding to the directional signal of gravity.If you wanted to identify a plant that had a mutation in its gravity signal transduction pathway,which method would be most useful?

All of the following may serve to break dormancy and initiate seed germination except

In order to respond to environmental stimuli,plants employ sequences of biochemical reactions called

A plant's bushiness is promoted by a _______ ratio.

It was discovered recently that both auxin and gibberellins have specific protein receptors which,when bound by hormones,

You remove the cotyledons from a seed,but the embryo still grows normally for the first few days.The most likely reason is that

Phytochrome has the capacity to

Molecules that are active at small concentrations and regulate plant development are called _______.

The pre-photosynthetic seedling must survive using resources from the _______ or the _______.

Experimental removal of the auxin source demonstrates that leaf abscission is _______ by auxin and apical dominance is _______ by auxin.

A botanist is trying to isolate all of the auxin produced in a bean plant by extracting it from seedlings in a range of developmental stages.Which aspect of plant hormones must the scientist take into consideration while planning the extraction protocol?

When seedlings bend towards the light,what light receptor is involved?

In promoting normal germination (and also in brewing,when production of sugars for alcoholic fermentation is desired),gibberellins

Seeds of a plant that is native to Mexico are released in mid-spring just as their native habitat is drying out and becoming unfavorably hot.They are dormant after they are released.This example demonstrates that seed dormancy usually helps ensure that

Which process is not affected by ethylene?

Florists use silver thiosulfate to

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

In cell cultures,root formation can be promoted by _ auxin concentrations and _ concentrations.

The pre-photosynthetic seedling must survive using resources from the _ or the _.

Experimental removal of the auxin source demonstrates that leaf abscission is _ by auxin and apical dominance is _ by auxin.