Question 1

Which statement about the structure of the fish gill is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Afferent vessels bring blood to the gills and efferent vessels take blood away from the gills. 
B)  Exchange of respiratory gases occurs within the lamellae of the gill filaments. 
C)  The efferent and afferent vessels are the countercurrent flow system of the gills. 
D)  The lamellae greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange. 
E)  The opercular flaps cover the gill chambers. 
A)  Afferent vessels bring blood to the gills and efferent vessels take blood away from the gills. 
B)  Exchange of respiratory gases occurs within the lamellae of the gill filaments. 
C)  The efferent and afferent vessels are the countercurrent flow system of the gills. 
D)  The lamellae greatly increase the surface area for gas exchange. 
E)  The opercular flaps cover the gill chambers.

Question 2

If the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is lower than the partial pressure of oxygen in the body's tissues,

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen will diffuse out of the blood into the tissues. 
B)  oxygen will diffuse into the blood from the tissues. 
C)  carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood from the tissues. 
D)  there will be no diffusion of gases between the tissues and the blood. 
E)  oxygen will be pumped from the blood into the tissues via active transport. 
A)  oxygen will diffuse out of the blood into the tissues. 
B)  oxygen will diffuse into the blood from the tissues. 
C)  carbon dioxide will diffuse into the blood from the tissues. 
D)  there will be no diffusion of gases between the tissues and the blood. 
E)  oxygen will be pumped from the blood into the tissues via active transport.

Question 3

Which statement about respiratory adaptations is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Internalization of respiratory surfaces leads to the need for ventilation. 
B)  External gills are found only in invertebrates. 
C)  Some fishes ventilate their gills by swimming with their mouths open. 
D)  In fish,water flows unidirectionally into the mouth,over the gills,and out from under the opercular flaps. 
E)  Desiccation of the respiratory surface is more likely to occur in lungs than in gills. 
A)  Internalization of respiratory surfaces leads to the need for ventilation. 
B)  External gills are found only in invertebrates. 
C)  Some fishes ventilate their gills by swimming with their mouths open. 
D)  In fish,water flows unidirectionally into the mouth,over the gills,and out from under the opercular flaps. 
E)  Desiccation of the respiratory surface is more likely to occur in lungs than in gills.

Question 4

In a mixture of gases,the portion of the total pressure exerted by any particular gas is called the _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a mixture of gases,the portion of...

Question 5

Which is not one of the factors that accounts for the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  Maximized surface area 
B)  Minimized path length for diffusion 
C)  Countercurrent flow of blood and water over opposite sides of the gas exchange surfaces 
D)  Great numbers of secondary lamellae 
E)  One-way flow of water coming in through the gills and exiting through the mouth 
A)  Maximized surface area 
B)  Minimized path length for diffusion 
C)  Countercurrent flow of blood and water over opposite sides of the gas exchange surfaces 
D)  Great numbers of secondary lamellae 
E)  One-way flow of water coming in through the gills and exiting through the mouth

Question 6

If the distance (L)of the diffusion path length is increased,the rate of diffusion will _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the distance (L)of the diffusion path...

Question 7

All animals undergoing cellular respiration must get rid of CO2 because

Accepted Answer

A)  as CO2 increases,it interferes with lung function. 
B)  as CO2 increases,it makes body fluids more acidic. 
C)  as CO2 increases,it decreases brain function. 
D)  as CO2 increases,it is less able to be stored as sugar. 
E)  CO2 is incredibly toxic. 
A)  as CO2 increases,it interferes with lung function. 
B)  as CO2 increases,it makes body fluids more acidic. 
C)  as CO2 increases,it decreases brain function. 
D)  as CO2 increases,it is less able to be stored as sugar. 
E)  CO2 is incredibly toxic.

Question 8

Humans have difficulty obtaining enough oxygen while breathing at high elevations because _______ at low elevations.

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 makes up a higher percentage of the air than it does 
B)  the temperature is lower than it is 
C)  the barometric pressure is higher than it is 
D)  the air is drier than it is 
E)  the partial pressure of O2 is lower than it is 
A)  CO2 makes up a higher percentage of the air than it does 
B)  the temperature is lower than it is 
C)  the barometric pressure is higher than it is 
D)  the air is drier than it is 
E)  the partial pressure of O2 is lower than it is

Question 9

In studies of dogs running on treadmills,results stemming from a gradual increase in the slope of the treadmills supported the hypothesis that the partial pressure of CO2 is the feedback signal controlling respiratory rate.However,a related experiment that did not support that hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)  compared respiratory rates of dogs versus cats. 
B)  compared sleeping versus barking dogs. 
C)  changed the speed at which the dogs ran instead of the slope of the treadmills. 
D)  changed the dogs' motivation by keeping them food-stressed. 
E)  involved the injection of dissolved O2 into the dogs' arteries. 
A)  compared respiratory rates of dogs versus cats. 
B)  compared sleeping versus barking dogs. 
C)  changed the speed at which the dogs ran instead of the slope of the treadmills. 
D)  changed the dogs' motivation by keeping them food-stressed. 
E)  involved the injection of dissolved O2 into the dogs' arteries.

Question 10

In Fick's law of diffusion,the formula (P1 - P2)refers to the difference in the _______ of a gas at two locations.

Accepted Answer

Question 11

At sea level,O2 makes up about _______ percent of the gas molecules in the air.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  15 
C)  21 
D)  70 
E)  100 
A)  1 
B)  15 
C)  21 
D)  70 
E)  100

Question 12

If oxygen is moving between a liquid and a gas,which factor is the most important in determining the direction in which that oxygen will diffuse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Difference in the concentration of the oxygen in the liquid and the gas 
B)  Length of the diffusion path 
C)  Difference in the partial pressure of the oxygen in the liquid and the gas 
D)  Volume of the liquid 
E)  Surface area of the liquid 
A)  Difference in the concentration of the oxygen in the liquid and the gas 
B)  Length of the diffusion path 
C)  Difference in the partial pressure of the oxygen in the liquid and the gas 
D)  Volume of the liquid 
E)  Surface area of the liquid

Question 13

The carotid and aortic bodies of mammals

Accepted Answer

A)  respond to significant drops in the blood O2 partial pressure. 
B)  are blood vessels. 
C)  detect minor fluctuations in heart rate. 
D)  are electrosensors. 
E)  are located in the left ventricle of the heart. 
A)  respond to significant drops in the blood O2 partial pressure. 
B)  are blood vessels. 
C)  detect minor fluctuations in heart rate. 
D)  are electrosensors. 
E)  are located in the left ventricle of the heart.

Question 14

August Krogh determined that the maximum distance over which O2 can flow across a tissue or tissue fluids and still meet the metabolic demands of the organism is

Accepted Answer

A)  0.05 mm. 
B)  0.5 mm. 
C)  5.0 mm. 
D)  50.0 mm. 
E)  5.0 cm. 
A)  0.05 mm. 
B)  0.5 mm. 
C)  5.0 mm. 
D)  50.0 mm. 
E)  5.0 cm.

Question 15

According to Fick's law,which event would cause a decrease in the rate of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

A)  A decrease in the size of the respiratory membrane (
A)  
B)  A decrease in the distance (L)between the two surfaces 
C)  An increase in the partial pressure difference of the gas at its two locations (P1 - P2) 
D)  An increase in the size of the respiratory membrane (
A)  
E)  None of the above 
A)  A decrease in the size of the respiratory membrane (
A)  
B)  A decrease in the distance (L)between the two surfaces 
C)  An increase in the partial pressure difference of the gas at its two locations (P1 - P2) 
D)  An increase in the size of the respiratory membrane (
A)  
E)  None of the above

Question 16

Which is not an adaptation seen in fish gills?

Accepted Answer

A)  A countercurrent exchange system 
B)  Bidirectional ventilation 
C)  Morphological features that increase the surface area available for gas exchange 
D)  Morphological features that decrease the path length for diffusion of the respiratory gases 
E)  Morphological features that maximize the efficiency of O2 extraction 
A)  A countercurrent exchange system 
B)  Bidirectional ventilation 
C)  Morphological features that increase the surface area available for gas exchange 
D)  Morphological features that decrease the path length for diffusion of the respiratory gases 
E)  Morphological features that maximize the efficiency of O2 extraction

Question 17

Which animal exhibits tidal ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lobster 
B)  Shark 
C)  Catfish 
D)  Planarian 
E)  Turtle 
A)  Lobster 
B)  Shark 
C)  Catfish 
D)  Planarian 
E)  Turtle

Question 18

In studies of dogs running on treadmills,a researcher found that when the dogs were running at 3 mph,the average value of CO2 partial pressure was 39.0 mm Hg and the average respiratory minute volume in L/min was 9.0.The treadmill speed was then increased to 6 mph;the initial recordings are shown in the tables below.You can conclude from these data that when the dogs started running at twice the speed,their

Accepted Answer

A)  arterial CO2 partial pressure was relatively unchanged. 
B)  arterial CO2 partial pressure increased exponentially by a power of 2. 
C)  respiratory rate increased. 
D)  respiratory rate was unchanged. 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  arterial CO2 partial pressure was relatively unchanged. 
B)  arterial CO2 partial pressure increased exponentially by a power of 2. 
C)  respiratory rate increased. 
D)  respiratory rate was unchanged. 
E)  Both a and c

Question 19

The _______ serve(s)as a joint passageway for air and food.

Accepted Answer

A)  alveoli 
B)  bronchi 
C)  bronchioles 
D)  pharynx 
E)  trachea 
A)  alveoli 
B)  bronchi 
C)  bronchioles 
D)  pharynx 
E)  trachea

Question 20

The lungs in mammals expand during inhalation because

Accepted Answer

A)  the diaphragm contracts upward. 
B)  the shoulder girdle moves upward. 
C)  the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. 
D)  lung tissue actively stretches. 
E)  the lung tissue rebounds from exhalation. 
A)  the diaphragm contracts upward. 
B)  the shoulder girdle moves upward. 
C)  the volume of the thoracic cavity increases. 
D)  lung tissue actively stretches. 
E)  the lung tissue rebounds from exhalation.

Exam 31: Breathing

Which statement about the structure of the fish gill is false?

If the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood is lower than the partial pressure of oxygen in the body's tissues,

Which statement about respiratory adaptations is false?

In a mixture of gases,the portion of the total pressure exerted by any particular gas is called the _______.

Which is not one of the factors that accounts for the efficiency of gas exchange in fish gills?

If the distance (L)of the diffusion path length is increased,the rate of diffusion will _______.

All animals undergoing cellular respiration must get rid of CO2 because

Humans have difficulty obtaining enough oxygen while breathing at high elevations because _______ at low elevations.

In studies of dogs running on treadmills,results stemming from a gradual increase in the slope of the treadmills supported the hypothesis that the partial pressure of CO2 is the feedback signal controlling respiratory rate.However,a related experiment that did not support that hypothesis

In Fick's law of diffusion,the formula (P1 - P2)refers to the difference in the _______ of a gas at two locations.

At sea level,O2 makes up about _______ percent of the gas molecules in the air.

If oxygen is moving between a liquid and a gas,which factor is the most important in determining the direction in which that oxygen will diffuse?

The carotid and aortic bodies of mammals

August Krogh determined that the maximum distance over which O2 can flow across a tissue or tissue fluids and still meet the metabolic demands of the organism is

According to Fick's law,which event would cause a decrease in the rate of diffusion?

Which is not an adaptation seen in fish gills?

Which animal exhibits tidal ventilation?

The _______ serve(s)as a joint passageway for air and food.

The lungs in mammals expand during inhalation because

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

All animals undergoing cellular respiration must get rid of CO₂ because

In studies of dogs running on treadmills,results stemming from a gradual increase in the slope of the treadmills supported the hypothesis that the partial pressure of CO₂ is the feedback signal controlling respiratory rate.However,a related experiment that did not support that hypothesis

In Fick's law of diffusion,the formula (P₁ - P₂)refers to the difference in the _______ of a gas at two locations.

At sea level,O₂ makes up about _______ percent of the gas molecules in the air.

August Krogh determined that the maximum distance over which O₂ can flow across a tissue or tissue fluids and still meet the metabolic demands of the organism is