Question 1

External _______ are highly branched folds of the body surface that are involved in gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

The answer of External _______ are highly branched folds of...

Question 2

When you are at rest,the process of exhalation involves

Accepted Answer

A)  the contraction of all your intercostal muscles. 
B)  elastic recoil of your lung tissues. 
C)  the contraction of your diaphragm. 
D)  complete collapse of your lung tissue. 
E)  low pressure in your thoracic cavity. 
A)  the contraction of all your intercostal muscles. 
B)  elastic recoil of your lung tissues. 
C)  the contraction of your diaphragm. 
D)  complete collapse of your lung tissue. 
E)  low pressure in your thoracic cavity.

Question 3

Which of the following characterizes the lungs of most terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  Air sacs 
B)  Tidal ventilation 
C)  Complete emptying in exhalation 
D)  Crosscurrent airflow 
E)  Countercurrent airflow 
A)  Air sacs 
B)  Tidal ventilation 
C)  Complete emptying in exhalation 
D)  Crosscurrent airflow 
E)  Countercurrent airflow

Question 4

What would be an expected outcome of a drop in water temperature in a pond?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in the metabolism of fish living in the pond 
B)  A decrease in the amount of O2 in the water 
C)  Increased blood flow in the fish living in the pond 
D)  Decreased O2 consumption of the fish living in the pond 
E)  An increase in body temperature of the fish living in the pond 
A)  An increase in the metabolism of fish living in the pond 
B)  A decrease in the amount of O2 in the water 
C)  Increased blood flow in the fish living in the pond 
D)  Decreased O2 consumption of the fish living in the pond 
E)  An increase in body temperature of the fish living in the pond

Question 5

The caudal (posterior)side of the mammalian thoracic cavity is formed by the

Accepted Answer

A)  diaphragm. 
B)  esophagus. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  ribs. 
E)  intercostal muscles. 
A)  diaphragm. 
B)  esophagus. 
C)  stomach. 
D)  ribs. 
E)  intercostal muscles.

Question 6

If you were atop Mt.Everest,where 21 percent of the molecules in the air are O2 and the partial pressure of oxygen is one-third that at sea level,approximately how many cubic meters of air would you need to breathe to gain the same number of oxygen molecules that you would gain from one cubic meter of air at sea level?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  9 
A)  1 
B)  3 
C)  5 
D)  6 
E)  9

Question 7

Which term represents the volume of your normal breath?

Accepted Answer

A)  Resting tidal volume 
B)  Residual volume 
C)  Respiratory minute volume 
D)  Vital capacity 
E)  Total lung capacity 
A)  Resting tidal volume 
B)  Residual volume 
C)  Respiratory minute volume 
D)  Vital capacity 
E)  Total lung capacity

Question 8

If a new air pollutant were to damage the surfactant in people's lungs,one likely result would be

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased surface tension of the fluid lining their alveoli. 
B)  increased uptake of CO2 from the environment. 
C)  increased effort needed to breathe. 
D)  decreased levels of hydrogen bonding in the fluid of their alveoli. 
E)  Both a and c 
A)  decreased surface tension of the fluid lining their alveoli. 
B)  increased uptake of CO2 from the environment. 
C)  increased effort needed to breathe. 
D)  decreased levels of hydrogen bonding in the fluid of their alveoli. 
E)  Both a and c

Question 9

The breathing centers in humans initiate ventilation in response to

Accepted Answer

A)  a decrease in air pressure. 
B)  a decrease in O2 partial pressure in the blood. 
C)  an increase in CO2 partial pressure in the blood. 
D)  the time since the last breath. 
E)  the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli. 
A)  a decrease in air pressure. 
B)  a decrease in O2 partial pressure in the blood. 
C)  an increase in CO2 partial pressure in the blood. 
D)  the time since the last breath. 
E)  the rate of gas exchange in the alveoli.

Question 10

Which organism does not require both external ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with the medium containing O2 and internal ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  Crayfish 
B)  Rabbit 
C)  Insect 
D)  Fish 
E)  Bird 
A)  Crayfish 
B)  Rabbit 
C)  Insect 
D)  Fish 
E)  Bird

Question 11

_______ describes bulk flow of air or water between the gas exchange membranes in an animal and the outside world.

Accepted Answer

A)  Diffusion 
B)  Breathing 
C)  External respiration 
D)  Ventilation 
E)  Cellular respiration 
A)  Diffusion 
B)  Breathing 
C)  External respiration 
D)  Ventilation 
E)  Cellular respiration

Question 12

Which feature is similar in the respiratory systems of mammals and birds and distinguishes them from other terrestrial vertebrates?

Accepted Answer

A)  High efficiency to support high metabolic rates 
B)  Unidirectional airflow 
C)  Air sacs 
D)  Parabronchi 
E)  Lung flexibility 
A)  High efficiency to support high metabolic rates 
B)  Unidirectional airflow 
C)  Air sacs 
D)  Parabronchi 
E)  Lung flexibility

Question 13

Which structure(s)is/are a site of gas exchange in mammalian lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharynx 
B)  Primary bronchi 
C)  Secondary bronchi 
D)  Trachea 
E)  Alveoli 
A)  Pharynx 
B)  Primary bronchi 
C)  Secondary bronchi 
D)  Trachea 
E)  Alveoli

Question 14

In your own body,which pathway is an example of the longest path an O2 molecule must take to arrive at its destination?

Accepted Answer

A)  From the nose to the lungs 
B)  From the alveoli to the capillaries in the lungs 
C)  From the capillary blood of the lungs to an erythrocyte 
D)  From the lungs to a calf muscle 
E)  From the tissue capillaries to a muscle cell 
A)  From the nose to the lungs 
B)  From the alveoli to the capillaries in the lungs 
C)  From the capillary blood of the lungs to an erythrocyte 
D)  From the lungs to a calf muscle 
E)  From the tissue capillaries to a muscle cell

Question 15

In mammals,nodes that are sensitive to O2 and blood pressure levels are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  aorta and carotid arteries. 
B)  brain stem capillaries. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  pulmonary artery. 
E)  pulmonary vein. 
A)  aorta and carotid arteries. 
B)  brain stem capillaries. 
C)  hypothalamus. 
D)  pulmonary artery. 
E)  pulmonary vein.

Question 16

Which statement about lung surfactant is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is found in reptiles,amphibians,and mammals. 
B)  It reduces the surface tension at the surfaces of lung epithelium. 
C)  It is composed of proteins and lipids. 
D)  It helps stabilize the three-dimensional structure of gas exchange membranes. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  It is found in reptiles,amphibians,and mammals. 
B)  It reduces the surface tension at the surfaces of lung epithelium. 
C)  It is composed of proteins and lipids. 
D)  It helps stabilize the three-dimensional structure of gas exchange membranes. 
E)  All of the above

Question 17

The partial pressure of CO2 in the blood is monitored carefully by the human body,and any changes lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.Both an increase in partial pressure of CO2 and _______ are stimuli that lead to increased respiratory gas exchange.

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in the partial pressure of N2 in the blood 
B)  a decrease in the partial pressure of O2 in the blood 
C)  the temperature as measured at the hypothalamus 
D)  increased acidity in the blood 
E)  a lowered pulse rate 
A)  an increase in the partial pressure of N2 in the blood 
B)  a decrease in the partial pressure of O2 in the blood 
C)  the temperature as measured at the hypothalamus 
D)  increased acidity in the blood 
E)  a lowered pulse rate

Question 18

Which animal exhibits unidirectional ventilation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lobster 
B)  Rabbit 
C)  Frog 
D)  Rattlesnake 
E)  Turtle 
A)  Lobster 
B)  Rabbit 
C)  Frog 
D)  Rattlesnake 
E)  Turtle

Question 19

Bird and fish respiratory systems are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  employ a countercurrent exchanger. 
B)  have air sacs. 
C)  function by means of unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange membranes. 
D)  consist of infoldings of the body. 
E)  involve opercular flaps. 
A)  employ a countercurrent exchanger. 
B)  have air sacs. 
C)  function by means of unidirectional flow of the environmental medium over the gas exchange membranes. 
D)  consist of infoldings of the body. 
E)  involve opercular flaps.

Question 20

The respiratory gases of animals are

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide and water vapor. 
B)  oxygen and nitrogen. 
C)  nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 
D)  oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
E)  oxygen and water vapor. 
A)  carbon dioxide and water vapor. 
B)  oxygen and nitrogen. 
C)  nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 
D)  oxygen and carbon dioxide. 
E)  oxygen and water vapor.

Exam 31: Breathing

External _______ are highly branched folds of the body surface that are involved in gas exchange.

When you are at rest,the process of exhalation involves

Which of the following characterizes the lungs of most terrestrial vertebrates?

What would be an expected outcome of a drop in water temperature in a pond?

The caudal (posterior)side of the mammalian thoracic cavity is formed by the

Which term represents the volume of your normal breath?

If a new air pollutant were to damage the surfactant in people's lungs,one likely result would be

The breathing centers in humans initiate ventilation in response to

Which organism does not require both external ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with the medium containing O2 and internal ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with blood?

_______ describes bulk flow of air or water between the gas exchange membranes in an animal and the outside world.

Which feature is similar in the respiratory systems of mammals and birds and distinguishes them from other terrestrial vertebrates?

Which structure(s)is/are a site of gas exchange in mammalian lungs?

In your own body,which pathway is an example of the longest path an O2 molecule must take to arrive at its destination?

In mammals,nodes that are sensitive to O2 and blood pressure levels are located in the

Which statement about lung surfactant is true?

The partial pressure of CO2 in the blood is monitored carefully by the human body,and any changes lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.Both an increase in partial pressure of CO2 and _______ are stimuli that lead to increased respiratory gas exchange.

Which animal exhibits unidirectional ventilation?

Bird and fish respiratory systems are similar in that both

The respiratory gases of animals are

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

Which organism does not require both external ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with the medium containing O₂ and internal ventilation of its respiratory surfaces with blood?

In your own body,which pathway is an example of the longest path an O₂ molecule must take to arrive at its destination?

In mammals,nodes that are sensitive to O₂ and blood pressure levels are located in the

The partial pressure of CO₂ in the blood is monitored carefully by the human body,and any changes lead quickly to changes in respiratory rate.Both an increase in partial pressure of CO₂ and _______ are stimuli that lead to increased respiratory gas exchange.