Question 1

Since there are no active transport mechanisms for respiratory gases,they can be exchanged only by _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Since there are no active transport mechanisms...

Question 2

Rapid gas exchange can be accomplished more easily in air than in water because

Accepted Answer

A)  the O2 content of water is higher than that of air. 
B)  the CO2 content of water is higher than that of air. 
C)  O2 diffuses more rapidly in water than in air. 
D)  water is more dense and viscous than air. 
E)  more energy is required to move air than to move water. 
A)  the O2 content of water is higher than that of air. 
B)  the CO2 content of water is higher than that of air. 
C)  O2 diffuses more rapidly in water than in air. 
D)  water is more dense and viscous than air. 
E)  more energy is required to move air than to move water.

Question 3

Air sacs of the avian respiratory system can be grouped into _______ air sacs.

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral and ventral 
B)  anterior and posterior 
C)  posterior and ventral 
D)  lateral and dorsal 
E)  anterior and ventral 
A)  lateral and ventral 
B)  anterior and posterior 
C)  posterior and ventral 
D)  lateral and dorsal 
E)  anterior and ventral

Question 4

Breathing rhythm in mammals is generated in the

Accepted Answer

A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  diaphragm. 
D)  frontal lobe. 
E)  cerebellum. 
A)  medulla oblongata. 
B)  lungs. 
C)  diaphragm. 
D)  frontal lobe. 
E)  cerebellum.

Question 5

In the respiratory cycle of birds,inhaled air flows through the trachea,to the bronchi,and then

Accepted Answer

A)  into the parabronchi and posterior air sacs. 
B)  back through the trachea. 
C)  to the air capillaries. 
D)  into the parabronchi and anterior air sacs. 
E)  into the anterior air sacs. 
A)  into the parabronchi and posterior air sacs. 
B)  back through the trachea. 
C)  to the air capillaries. 
D)  into the parabronchi and anterior air sacs. 
E)  into the anterior air sacs.

Question 6

Maximal tidal volume is about _______ times the resting tidal volume.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  10 
D)  12 
E)  20 
A)  2 
B)  6 
C)  10 
D)  12 
E)  20

Question 7

Which statement about human breathing is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  The volume of the thoracic cavity does not change. 
B)  You contract all your intercostal muscles to help expel air from your lungs. 
C)  You relax your diaphragm when you breathe in. 
D)  For a person at rest,less energy is expended for exhalation than for inhalation. 
E)  The thoracic cavity contracts during inhalation. 
A)  The volume of the thoracic cavity does not change. 
B)  You contract all your intercostal muscles to help expel air from your lungs. 
C)  You relax your diaphragm when you breathe in. 
D)  For a person at rest,less energy is expended for exhalation than for inhalation. 
E)  The thoracic cavity contracts during inhalation.

Question 8

The gas exchange system of _______ includes air sacs that interact with the lungs,and air flowing unidirectionally through parabronchi.

Accepted Answer

A)  insects 
B)  fish 
C)  amphibians 
D)  mammals 
E)  birds 
A)  insects 
B)  fish 
C)  amphibians 
D)  mammals 
E)  birds

Question 9

Which group of animals lacks specialized breathing organs?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mammals 
B)  Sponges 
C)  Reptiles 
D)  Insects 
E)  Fish 
A)  Mammals 
B)  Sponges 
C)  Reptiles 
D)  Insects 
E)  Fish

Question 10

In mammals,the respiratory structure(s)that carry air into the lungs is/are the

Accepted Answer

A)  bronchioles. 
B)  larynx. 
C)  trachea. 
D)  secondary bronchi. 
E)  primary bronchi. 
A)  bronchioles. 
B)  larynx. 
C)  trachea. 
D)  secondary bronchi. 
E)  primary bronchi.

Question 11

Which structure is not part of the conducting airways in a mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  Trachea 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Primary bronchi 
D)  Respiratory bronchioles 
E)  Secondary bronchi 
A)  Trachea 
B)  Larynx 
C)  Primary bronchi 
D)  Respiratory bronchioles 
E)  Secondary bronchi

Question 12

In mammals,neural control of breathing is a function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  diaphragm. 
C)  medulla oblongata. 
D)  olfactory lobe. 
E)  spinal cord. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  diaphragm. 
C)  medulla oblongata. 
D)  olfactory lobe. 
E)  spinal cord.

Question 13

The rate of gas exchange in mammals is maximized by

Accepted Answer

A)  an exceedingly high partial pressure of O2 in the blood. 
B)  the opening of the larynx (voice box)into the trachea. 
C)  an enormous surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  the relatively small increase in size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation. 
E)  the use of mucus as a surfactant. 
A)  an exceedingly high partial pressure of O2 in the blood. 
B)  the opening of the larynx (voice box)into the trachea. 
C)  an enormous surface area for gas exchange. 
D)  the relatively small increase in size of the thoracic cavity during inhalation. 
E)  the use of mucus as a surfactant.

Question 14

In birds,upon exhalation,air sacs are _______,air passes through the _______,and it then passes out through the _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  filled with air;anterior air sac;bronchi 
B)  contracted;posterior air sac;trachea 
C)  expanded;parabronchi;bronchi 
D)  compressed;lungs;trachea 
E)  expanded;bronchi;trachea 
A)  filled with air;anterior air sac;bronchi 
B)  contracted;posterior air sac;trachea 
C)  expanded;parabronchi;bronchi 
D)  compressed;lungs;trachea 
E)  expanded;bronchi;trachea

Question 15

Which sequence represents the correct pathway of air during inhalation in mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,alveoli 
B)  Larynx,trachea,pharynx,bronchi,alveoli 
C)  Trachea,larynx,pharynx,bronchi,alveoli 
D)  Trachea,larynx,pharynx,alveoli,bronchi 
E)  Pharynx,trachea,bronchi,larynx,alveoli 
A)  Pharynx,larynx,trachea,bronchi,alveoli 
B)  Larynx,trachea,pharynx,bronchi,alveoli 
C)  Trachea,larynx,pharynx,bronchi,alveoli 
D)  Trachea,larynx,pharynx,alveoli,bronchi 
E)  Pharynx,trachea,bronchi,larynx,alveoli

Question 16

The respiratory system of insects consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  branched air tubes called spiracles that supply capillaries. 
B)  branched air tubes called tracheae that open to the atmosphere through spiracles. 
C)  branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheae. 
D)  branching gill systems that end in openings called spiracles. 
E)  extensive layers of gas exchange tissue just under the exoskeleton. 
A)  branched air tubes called spiracles that supply capillaries. 
B)  branched air tubes called tracheae that open to the atmosphere through spiracles. 
C)  branching gill systems that end in openings called tracheae. 
D)  branching gill systems that end in openings called spiracles. 
E)  extensive layers of gas exchange tissue just under the exoskeleton.

Question 17

Aquatic animals that lack specialized internal organs for transporting respiratory gases

Accepted Answer

A)  may have flat,leaflike bodies. 
B)  get rid of CO2 by diffusion. 
C)  may have cells organized around extensive internal passageways through which water circulates. 
D)  have cells that are all close to the respiratory medium. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  may have flat,leaflike bodies. 
B)  get rid of CO2 by diffusion. 
C)  may have cells organized around extensive internal passageways through which water circulates. 
D)  have cells that are all close to the respiratory medium. 
E)  All of the above

Question 18

The bulk flow of air or water between the gas exchange membranes and the outside world is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The bulk flow of air or water...

Question 19

If you are healthy,the blood and air in your alveoli are only about _______ $\mu$m apart,which promotes rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.05 
B)  0.5 
C)  5.0 
D)  50.0 
E)  500.0 
A)  0.05 
B)  0.5 
C)  5.0 
D)  50.0 
E)  500.0

Question 20

Chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla oblongata are sensitive to

Accepted Answer

A)  O2. 
B)  N2. 
C)  surfactant. 
D)  blood CO2 partial pressure and pH. 
E)  None of the above 
A)  O2. 
B)  N2. 
C)  surfactant. 
D)  blood CO2 partial pressure and pH. 
E)  None of the above

Exam 31: Breathing

Since there are no active transport mechanisms for respiratory gases,they can be exchanged only by _______.

Rapid gas exchange can be accomplished more easily in air than in water because

Air sacs of the avian respiratory system can be grouped into _______ air sacs.

Breathing rhythm in mammals is generated in the

In the respiratory cycle of birds,inhaled air flows through the trachea,to the bronchi,and then

Maximal tidal volume is about _______ times the resting tidal volume.

Which statement about human breathing is true?

The gas exchange system of _______ includes air sacs that interact with the lungs,and air flowing unidirectionally through parabronchi.

Which group of animals lacks specialized breathing organs?

In mammals,the respiratory structure(s)that carry air into the lungs is/are the

Which structure is not part of the conducting airways in a mammal?

In mammals,neural control of breathing is a function of the

The rate of gas exchange in mammals is maximized by

In birds,upon exhalation,air sacs are _______,air passes through the _______,and it then passes out through the _______.

Which sequence represents the correct pathway of air during inhalation in mammals?

The respiratory system of insects consists of

Aquatic animals that lack specialized internal organs for transporting respiratory gases

The bulk flow of air or water between the gas exchange membranes and the outside world is called _______.

If you are healthy,the blood and air in your alveoli are only about _______ μ\muμ m apart,which promotes rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.

Chemoreceptors on the surface of the medulla oblongata are sensitive to

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

In birds,upon exhalation,air sacs are ___,air passes through the _,and it then passes out through the _____.

If you are healthy,the blood and air in your alveoli are only about _______ $\mu$ m apart,which promotes rapid diffusion of respiratory gases.