Question 1

Which statement about vertebrate circulatory systems is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  In fish,oxygenated blood from the gills returns to the heart through the left atrium. 
B)  In amphibians,blood from the systemic tissues enters the heart through the right atrium. 
C)  In reptiles,the blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower oxygen content than the blood in the aorta. 
D)  In birds,the pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary artery. 
E)  In mammals,deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery. 
A)  In fish,oxygenated blood from the gills returns to the heart through the left atrium. 
B)  In amphibians,blood from the systemic tissues enters the heart through the right atrium. 
C)  In reptiles,the blood in the pulmonary artery has a lower oxygen content than the blood in the aorta. 
D)  In birds,the pressure in the aorta is higher than the pressure in the pulmonary artery. 
E)  In mammals,deoxygenated blood leaves the heart through the pulmonary artery.

Question 2

Below the level of the heart,the movement of blood in the veins toward the heart is caused primarily by

Accepted Answer

A)  gravity. 
B)  the contraction of venous walls. 
C)  cilia lining the veins. 
D)  the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles. 
E)  venous capacitance. 
A)  gravity. 
B)  the contraction of venous walls. 
C)  cilia lining the veins. 
D)  the contraction of nearby skeletal muscles. 
E)  venous capacitance.

Question 3

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes,the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Accepted Answer

A)  a four-chambered heart. 
B)  heart metamorphosis. 
C)  a partial separation between breathing-organ and systemic circulation. 
D)  a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder. 
E)  a separation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. 
A)  a four-chambered heart. 
B)  heart metamorphosis. 
C)  a partial separation between breathing-organ and systemic circulation. 
D)  a pocket of the gut that serves as an air bladder. 
E)  a separation between oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

Question 4

Defective heart valves that do not close completely could result in

Accepted Answer

A)  oxygen-rich blood mixing with oxygen-depleted blood. 
B)  increased pulmonary flow. 
C)  venous gas exchange within the heart chambers. 
D)  atrial exchange of excess blood. 
E)  some blood flowing back into the atrium with each heartbeat. 
A)  oxygen-rich blood mixing with oxygen-depleted blood. 
B)  increased pulmonary flow. 
C)  venous gas exchange within the heart chambers. 
D)  atrial exchange of excess blood. 
E)  some blood flowing back into the atrium with each heartbeat.

Question 5

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that indicates that the animal had a three-chambered heart.The animal could have been a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  tuna. 
B)  lizard. 
C)  primate. 
D)  eagle. 
E)  crayfish. 
A)  tuna. 
B)  lizard. 
C)  primate. 
D)  eagle. 
E)  crayfish.

Question 6

A patient feels faint and has low blood pressure.An echocardiogram of the heart shows that the atrioventricular valve between the left atrium and left ventricle does not close completely,a condition called mitral valve prolapse.This can result in low blood pressure,because with each heartbeat the left ventricle is

Accepted Answer

A)  overfilling with blood during each cardiac cycle. 
B)  pumping less blood than normal to the lungs. 
C)  pumping more blood than normal to the lungs. 
D)  pushing more blood than normal out to the systemic circuit. 
E)  pushing less blood than normal out to the systemic circuit. 
A)  overfilling with blood during each cardiac cycle. 
B)  pumping less blood than normal to the lungs. 
C)  pumping more blood than normal to the lungs. 
D)  pushing more blood than normal out to the systemic circuit. 
E)  pushing less blood than normal out to the systemic circuit.

Question 7

In arthropods,the exchange of substances between the blood and tissue cells occurs

Accepted Answer

A)  in the arteries. 
B)  in the arterioles. 
C)  in the capillaries. 
D)  in the venules. 
E)  directly. 
A)  in the arteries. 
B)  in the arterioles. 
C)  in the capillaries. 
D)  in the venules. 
E)  directly.

Question 8

The breathing-organ circuit in a horse

Accepted Answer

A)  transports oxygen to the lungs. 
B)  transports oxygen to the brain. 
C)  exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs. 
D)  carries food waste away from the heart. 
E)  removes waste from the heart. 
A)  transports oxygen to the lungs. 
B)  transports oxygen to the brain. 
C)  exchanges carbon dioxide for oxygen in the lungs. 
D)  carries food waste away from the heart. 
E)  removes waste from the heart.

Question 9

In fish,blood circulates through _______ circuit(s),whereas in mammals,it circulates through _______ circuit(s).

Accepted Answer

A)  one complete;two complete 
B)  two complete;two partial 
C)  one partial;two complete 
D)  two complete;four complete 
E)  four complete;one partial 
A)  one complete;two complete 
B)  two complete;two partial 
C)  one partial;two complete 
D)  two complete;four complete 
E)  four complete;one partial

Question 10

A circulatory system's sophistication

Accepted Answer

A)  is often correlated with a species' need for gas transport. 
B)  is often correlated with a species' need for food transport. 
C)  is not correlated with any metabolic functions. 
D)  varies depending on the current environment conditions an organism lives in. 
E)  depends on the amount of CO2 in the lungs. 
A)  is often correlated with a species' need for gas transport. 
B)  is often correlated with a species' need for food transport. 
C)  is not correlated with any metabolic functions. 
D)  varies depending on the current environment conditions an organism lives in. 
E)  depends on the amount of CO2 in the lungs.

Question 11

How is most CO2 transported in blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO2 reacts with water in the blood to form bicarbonate ions. 
B)  Bicarbonate interacts with water to produce CO2. 
C)  O2 binds with the CO2 to produce bicarbonate ions. 
D)  Hemoglobin binds the CO2 to produce bicarbonate ions. 
E)  Hemocyanin and hemoglobin bind CO2 and O2 to form copper. 
A)  CO2 reacts with water in the blood to form bicarbonate ions. 
B)  Bicarbonate interacts with water to produce CO2. 
C)  O2 binds with the CO2 to produce bicarbonate ions. 
D)  Hemoglobin binds the CO2 to produce bicarbonate ions. 
E)  Hemocyanin and hemoglobin bind CO2 and O2 to form copper.

Question 12

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Accepted Answer

A)  are both used by vertebrates to transport O2. 
B)  both have iron-containing proteins. 
C)  are blue when oxygen levels are low and red when oxygen levels are high. 
D)  are found inside blood cells. 
E)  both transport oxygen. 
A)  are both used by vertebrates to transport O2. 
B)  both have iron-containing proteins. 
C)  are blue when oxygen levels are low and red when oxygen levels are high. 
D)  are found inside blood cells. 
E)  both transport oxygen.

Question 13

Which vertebrate has a three-chambered heart and both pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fish 
B)  Lungfish 
C)  Amphibian 
D)  Cheetah 
E)  Bird 
A)  Fish 
B)  Lungfish 
C)  Amphibian 
D)  Cheetah 
E)  Bird

Question 14

Which of the following is not a mechanism that facilitates return of venous blood to the heart?

Accepted Answer

A)  Gravity,for veins that are above the heart 
B)  Contraction of skeletal muscles 
C)  Breathing 
D)  Contraction of smooth muscle in most veins of the body 
E)  Valves in veins 
A)  Gravity,for veins that are above the heart 
B)  Contraction of skeletal muscles 
C)  Breathing 
D)  Contraction of smooth muscle in most veins of the body 
E)  Valves in veins

Question 15

The blood vessels with the greatest capacity to store blood are the

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  veins. 
E)  venules. 
A)  arteries. 
B)  arterioles. 
C)  capillaries. 
D)  veins. 
E)  venules.

Question 16

Atrial fibrillation occurs when the heart begins generating electrical impulses due to faulty signals originating in more than one area of the heart.What region of the heart that normally controls the rhythm of the heartbeat is being overridden in patients with atrial fibrillation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atriventricular node 
B)  Sinoatrial node 
C)  Aorta 
D)  Pulmonary valve 
E)  Common carotid artery 
A)  Atriventricular node 
B)  Sinoatrial node 
C)  Aorta 
D)  Pulmonary valve 
E)  Common carotid artery

Question 17

The amphibian heart

Accepted Answer

A)  pumps only oxygenated blood. 
B)  pumps only oxygen-depleted blood. 
C)  pumps both oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood. 
D)  has a completely divided ventricle to prevent mixing of oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood. 
E)  is a single circulatory loop system. 
A)  pumps only oxygenated blood. 
B)  pumps only oxygen-depleted blood. 
C)  pumps both oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood. 
D)  has a completely divided ventricle to prevent mixing of oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood. 
E)  is a single circulatory loop system.

Question 18

The circulatory system of an earthworm circulates blood

Accepted Answer

A)  by the pumping action of multiple four-chambered hearts. 
B)  by peristaltic waves generated by contraction of muscular blood vessels. 
C)  using an open circulatory system. 
D)  using one centrally located heart. 
E)  through the heart,to the lungs,back to the heart,and out to the systemic tissues. 
A)  by the pumping action of multiple four-chambered hearts. 
B)  by peristaltic waves generated by contraction of muscular blood vessels. 
C)  using an open circulatory system. 
D)  using one centrally located heart. 
E)  through the heart,to the lungs,back to the heart,and out to the systemic tissues.

Question 19

In an open circulatory system,

Accepted Answer

A)  there is no heart. 
B)  blood does not pass through the gills. 
C)  there are no blood vessels. 
D)  hemolymph flows out of the body. 
E)  there is no distinction between hemolymph and interstitial fluid. 
A)  there is no heart. 
B)  blood does not pass through the gills. 
C)  there are no blood vessels. 
D)  hemolymph flows out of the body. 
E)  there is no distinction between hemolymph and interstitial fluid.

Question 20

Which statement about veins is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Blood pressure is very low in veins,necessitating one-way valves to prevent backflow. 
B)  Contractions of skeletal muscles squeeze the veins,which move blood to the heart. 
C)  The walls of veins are more expandable than the walls of arteries. 
D)  Veins serve as a blood reservoir. 
E)  As blood flows from the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart,the linear velocity slows to almost zero. 
A)  Blood pressure is very low in veins,necessitating one-way valves to prevent backflow. 
B)  Contractions of skeletal muscles squeeze the veins,which move blood to the heart. 
C)  The walls of veins are more expandable than the walls of arteries. 
D)  Veins serve as a blood reservoir. 
E)  As blood flows from the capillaries to the veins and back to the heart,the linear velocity slows to almost zero.

Exam 32: Circulation

Which statement about vertebrate circulatory systems is false?

Below the level of the heart,the movement of blood in the veins toward the heart is caused primarily by

As compared to the circulatory system of most fishes,the circulatory system of adult amphibians has the advantage of

Defective heart valves that do not close completely could result in

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that indicates that the animal had a three-chambered heart.The animal could have been a(n)

In arthropods,the exchange of substances between the blood and tissue cells occurs

The breathing-organ circuit in a horse

In fish,blood circulates through _______ circuit(s),whereas in mammals,it circulates through _______ circuit(s).

A circulatory system's sophistication

How is most CO2 transported in blood?

Hemoglobin and hemocyanin

Which vertebrate has a three-chambered heart and both pulmonary and systemic circuits?

Which of the following is not a mechanism that facilitates return of venous blood to the heart?

The blood vessels with the greatest capacity to store blood are the

Atrial fibrillation occurs when the heart begins generating electrical impulses due to faulty signals originating in more than one area of the heart.What region of the heart that normally controls the rhythm of the heartbeat is being overridden in patients with atrial fibrillation?

The amphibian heart

The circulatory system of an earthworm circulates blood

In an open circulatory system,

Which statement about veins is false?

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

In fish,blood circulates through _ circuit(s),whereas in mammals,it circulates through _ circuit(s).

How is most CO₂ transported in blood?