Question 1

The circulatory system of a crayfish includes all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  heart. 
B)  arteries. 
C)  sinuses and lacunae. 
D)  veins bringing blood into the heart. 
E)  blood. 
A)  heart. 
B)  arteries. 
C)  sinuses and lacunae. 
D)  veins bringing blood into the heart. 
E)  blood.

Question 2

The timing of the spread of the action potential from atrium to ventricle is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  the sinoatrial node. 
B)  the atrioventricular node. 
C)  modified muscle cells of the conducting system. 
D)  systolic contractions. 
E)  the ventricular mass. 
A)  the sinoatrial node. 
B)  the atrioventricular node. 
C)  modified muscle cells of the conducting system. 
D)  systolic contractions. 
E)  the ventricular mass.

Question 3

Countercurrent heat exchange allows animals to

Accepted Answer

A)  minimize heat loss to their environment. 
B)  keep their hearts warm enough to pump blood. 
C)  live in extremely hot dessert environments. 
D)  slow down food digestion. 
E)  absorb heat from their environment. 
A)  minimize heat loss to their environment. 
B)  keep their hearts warm enough to pump blood. 
C)  live in extremely hot dessert environments. 
D)  slow down food digestion. 
E)  absorb heat from their environment.

Question 4

The lifetime of an individual red blood cell is approximately

Accepted Answer

A)  4 hours. 
B)  4 days. 
C)  4 weeks. 
D)  40 days. 
E)  4 months. 
A)  4 hours. 
B)  4 days. 
C)  4 weeks. 
D)  40 days. 
E)  4 months.

Question 5

In open circulatory systems,the fluid called _______ leaves the vessels of the circulatory system before flowing over the organs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In open circulatory systems,the fluid called _______...

Question 6

A premature baby in critical condition with high blood pressure in his lungs is administered a blend of nitric oxide (a vasodilator)and oxygen to reduce his blood pressure.Nitric oxide reduces blood pressure by

Accepted Answer

A)  constricting the muscle cells around arterioles. 
B)  reducing the heart rate. 
C)  blocking the formation of new capillaries. 
D)  relaxing the muscle cells around arterioles. 
E)  increasing the formation of capillaries. 
A)  constricting the muscle cells around arterioles. 
B)  reducing the heart rate. 
C)  blocking the formation of new capillaries. 
D)  relaxing the muscle cells around arterioles. 
E)  increasing the formation of capillaries.

Question 7

In animals with an open circulatory system,the liquid responsible for gas exchange with the cells is called

Accepted Answer

A)  blood plasma. 
B)  extracellular fluid. 
C)  mesolymph. 
D)  blood. 
E)  hemoblood. 
A)  blood plasma. 
B)  extracellular fluid. 
C)  mesolymph. 
D)  blood. 
E)  hemoblood.

Question 8

Which sequence represents the correct order of blood flow in the fish circulatory system?

Accepted Answer

A)  Heart $\rightarrow$ gills $\rightarrow$systemic tissues 
B)  Heart $\rightarrow$ systemic tissues $\rightarrow$ gills 
C)  Heart $\rightarrow$systemic tissues $\rightarrow$gills $\rightarrow$ systemic tissues 
D)  Systemic tissues $\rightarrow$heart$\rightarrow$ gills $\rightarrow$ heart 
E)  Heart $\rightarrow$ systemic tissues 
A)  Heart $\rightarrow$ gills $\rightarrow$systemic tissues 
B)  Heart $\rightarrow$ systemic tissues $\rightarrow$ gills 
C)  Heart $\rightarrow$systemic tissues $\rightarrow$gills $\rightarrow$ systemic tissues 
D)  Systemic tissues $\rightarrow$heart$\rightarrow$ gills $\rightarrow$ heart 
E)  Heart $\rightarrow$ systemic tissues

Question 9

(Small diameter)× (very large number)= the reason that _______ are the blood vessels with more total cross-sectional area than the other blood vessels listed.

Accepted Answer

A)  arteries 
B)  arterioles 
C)  capillaries 
D)  venules 
E)  veins 
A)  arteries 
B)  arterioles 
C)  capillaries 
D)  venules 
E)  veins

Question 10

Which statement about the lymphatic system is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The lymphatic system conducts lymph from the lymph capillaries to the thoracic duct,where it enters the circulatory system. 
B)  Lymph is identical to blood except that it does not contain erythrocytes. 
C)  Lymphoid capillaries are distributed throughout the body. 
D)  Lymphatic vessels contain one-way valves. 
E)  Lymph nodes are an important part of the defense system that combats infections. 
A)  The lymphatic system conducts lymph from the lymph capillaries to the thoracic duct,where it enters the circulatory system. 
B)  Lymph is identical to blood except that it does not contain erythrocytes. 
C)  Lymphoid capillaries are distributed throughout the body. 
D)  Lymphatic vessels contain one-way valves. 
E)  Lymph nodes are an important part of the defense system that combats infections.

Question 11

As blood travels from the arteries of the heart into the capillaries of the body tissue,blood pressure drops precipitously.Which statement about the relationship between cross-sectional vessel area and blood pressure is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  As the total cross-sectional area decreases,blood pressure also decreases. 
B)  As the total cross-sectional area increases,blood pressure also increases. 
C)  As the total cross-sectional area increases,blood pressure decreases. 
D)  As the total cross-sectional area decreases,blood pressure increases. 
E)  There is no relationship between cross-sectional vessel area and blood pressure. 
A)  As the total cross-sectional area decreases,blood pressure also decreases. 
B)  As the total cross-sectional area increases,blood pressure also increases. 
C)  As the total cross-sectional area increases,blood pressure decreases. 
D)  As the total cross-sectional area decreases,blood pressure increases. 
E)  There is no relationship between cross-sectional vessel area and blood pressure.

Question 12

A patient with a family history of heart disease has an EKG every year.Her latest EKG indicates her heart rate has slowed since her last visit.How would the QRS complex of her most recent EKG compare to that of her previous EKG?

Accepted Answer

A)  The QRS complex would be the same as in previous years. 
B)  The R-peak within the QRS complex would be missing. 
C)  The QRS complex would have switched places with the P waves. 
D)  The R-peaks of successive QRS complexes would be spread farther apart. 
E)  There would be more QRS complexes. 
A)  The QRS complex would be the same as in previous years. 
B)  The R-peak within the QRS complex would be missing. 
C)  The QRS complex would have switched places with the P waves. 
D)  The R-peaks of successive QRS complexes would be spread farther apart. 
E)  There would be more QRS complexes.

Question 13

Lymphatic vessels are like veins in that both

Accepted Answer

A)  have nodes where they join larger common vessels. 
B)  carry blood under low pressure. 
C)  move their fluids by contraction of small muscular bands. 
D)  have valves. 
E)  empty into the heart. 
A)  have nodes where they join larger common vessels. 
B)  carry blood under low pressure. 
C)  move their fluids by contraction of small muscular bands. 
D)  have valves. 
E)  empty into the heart.

Question 14

The probability of developing atherosclerosis is increased by

Accepted Answer

A)  a high-fat diet. 
B)  snoring. 
C)  living at a high altitude. 
D)  excessive alcohol consumption. 
E)  excessive exercising. 
A)  a high-fat diet. 
B)  snoring. 
C)  living at a high altitude. 
D)  excessive alcohol consumption. 
E)  excessive exercising.

Question 15

During exercise,additional O2 is delivered to cells by increased

Accepted Answer

A)  circulation only. 
B)  release of O2 from hemoglobin only. 
C)  circulation and increased release of O2 from hemoglobin. 
D)  release of O2 from hemoglobin and lowered cellular demand. 
E)  circulation and lowered cellular demand. 
A)  circulation only. 
B)  release of O2 from hemoglobin only. 
C)  circulation and increased release of O2 from hemoglobin. 
D)  release of O2 from hemoglobin and lowered cellular demand. 
E)  circulation and lowered cellular demand.

Question 16

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that had a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles.The animal could have been a

Accepted Answer

A)  shark. 
B)  turtle. 
C)  frog. 
D)  heron. 
E)  lizard. 
A)  shark. 
B)  turtle. 
C)  frog. 
D)  heron. 
E)  lizard.

Question 17

In the cardiac cycle of humans,blood pressure is at its maximum when the _______ are _______ during _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  atria;contracting;systole 
B)  atria;contracting;diastole 
C)  ventricles;contracting;systole 
D)  ventricles;relaxing;systole 
E)  ventricles;relaxing;diastole 
A)  atria;contracting;systole 
B)  atria;contracting;diastole 
C)  ventricles;contracting;systole 
D)  ventricles;relaxing;systole 
E)  ventricles;relaxing;diastole

Question 18

How does blood flow in pulmonary arteries differ from that in other arteries?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-depleted blood to the heart from the lungs,whereas other arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. 
B)  Pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart,whereas other arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. 
C)  Pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart,whereas other arteries transport oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart. 
D)  Pulmonary arteries are located in the lungs,whereas other arteries are located in the brain and heart. 
E)  Pulmonary arteries transport lymph,whereas other arteries transport blood. 
A)  Pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-depleted blood to the heart from the lungs,whereas other arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. 
B)  Pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart,whereas other arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart. 
C)  Pulmonary arteries transport oxygen-rich blood away from the heart,whereas other arteries transport oxygen-depleted blood away from the heart. 
D)  Pulmonary arteries are located in the lungs,whereas other arteries are located in the brain and heart. 
E)  Pulmonary arteries transport lymph,whereas other arteries transport blood.

Question 19

Mammalian and bird hearts

Accepted Answer

A)  pump only oxygenated blood. 
B)  pump only oxygen-depleted blood. 
C)  pump both oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood but the two do not mix in the heart. 
D)  have only partially divided ventricles,to allow mixing of oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood. 
E)  is a single circulatory loop system. 
A)  pump only oxygenated blood. 
B)  pump only oxygen-depleted blood. 
C)  pump both oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood but the two do not mix in the heart. 
D)  have only partially divided ventricles,to allow mixing of oxygenated and oxygen-depleted blood. 
E)  is a single circulatory loop system.

Question 20

Blood pressure is _______ osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed,causing fluids to move _______ the blood.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than;into 
B)  greater than;out of 
C)  lesser than;into 
D)  lesser than;out of 
E)  equal to;into 
A)  greater than;into 
B)  greater than;out of 
C)  lesser than;into 
D)  lesser than;out of 
E)  equal to;into

Exam 32: Circulation

The circulatory system of a crayfish includes all of the following except

The timing of the spread of the action potential from atrium to ventricle is controlled by

Countercurrent heat exchange allows animals to

The lifetime of an individual red blood cell is approximately

In open circulatory systems,the fluid called _______ leaves the vessels of the circulatory system before flowing over the organs.

A premature baby in critical condition with high blood pressure in his lungs is administered a blend of nitric oxide (a vasodilator)and oxygen to reduce his blood pressure.Nitric oxide reduces blood pressure by

In animals with an open circulatory system,the liquid responsible for gas exchange with the cells is called

Which sequence represents the correct order of blood flow in the fish circulatory system?

(Small diameter)× (very large number)= the reason that _______ are the blood vessels with more total cross-sectional area than the other blood vessels listed.

Which statement about the lymphatic system is false?

As blood travels from the arteries of the heart into the capillaries of the body tissue,blood pressure drops precipitously.Which statement about the relationship between cross-sectional vessel area and blood pressure is true?

A patient with a family history of heart disease has an EKG every year.Her latest EKG indicates her heart rate has slowed since her last visit.How would the QRS complex of her most recent EKG compare to that of her previous EKG?

Lymphatic vessels are like veins in that both

The probability of developing atherosclerosis is increased by

During exercise,additional O2 is delivered to cells by increased

A paleontologist finds a fragment of a fossilized vertebrate that had a four-chambered heart with two atria and two ventricles.The animal could have been a

In the cardiac cycle of humans,blood pressure is at its maximum when the _______ are _______ during _______.

How does blood flow in pulmonary arteries differ from that in other arteries?

Mammalian and bird hearts

Blood pressure is _______ osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed,causing fluids to move _______ the blood.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

During exercise,additional O₂ is delivered to cells by increased

In the cardiac cycle of humans,blood pressure is at its maximum when the ___ are _ during _____.

Blood pressure is _ osmotic pressure at the arterial end of a capillary bed,causing fluids to move _ the blood.