Exam 36: Water and Salts: Excretion

A sponge living in a marine environment does not actively regulate the osmolarity of its cells,but simply equilibrates with the osmolarity of the seawater.A sponge is therefore a(n)_______.

Organisms whose tissue fluids can have the same osmolarity as the environment are said to be _______ with respect to their environment.

To osmoregulate in fresh water,a fish must _______ salts and produce _______ amounts of _______ urine.

If a person was stranded for several days in a desert without food or water,the blood plasma would _______ and the U/P ratio would _______.

Adult toads and frogs living in fresh water excrete nitrogenous wastes primarily in the form of _______.

Biologists have observed that kangaroo rats living in desert habitats change their diet from dry seeds to vegetation and insects depending on the season.Based on this information,which statement is most likely true?

At present,there are no osmotic conformers in any freshwater animal species on Earth.Why?

The extracellular fluids in our bodies

If interstitial fluid around the human loops of Henle reaches a concentration of 1,000 mOsm/L,what is the highest concentration that can be reached in urine in the collecting ducts?

The normal blood osmotic pressure of terrestrial vertebrates is typically _______ mOsm.

Which condition or process would not contribute to production of highly concentrated urine in mammals?

Which sequence represents the correct order in which urine passes from the human kidney?

In addition to producing water and carbon dioxide,the metabolism of proteins and nucleic acids produces nitrogenous waste,most frequently in the form of _______.

The table below lists the primary mode of nitrogenous waste excretion in the juvenile and adult forms of five different species.If one species is known to be an amphibian and one is a desert reptile,then species _______ is most likely the amphibian and species _______ is most likely the desert reptile.

Mammalian nephrons are different from amphibian nephrons in that only mammalian nephrons

Which factor is most important in determining whether an animal excretes urea,uric acid,or ammonia?

Marine bony fish maintain homeostasis by

The loops of Henle are considered to function as a countercurrent multiplier because

Which of the following is not a water conservation adaptation of a desert rodent?

Which sequence represents the correct order in which fluid moves through the nephron,from beginning to end?