Question 1

The fluid excreted into the outside environment by an animal's kidney is called _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fluid excreted into the outside environment...

Question 2

A freshwater fish tends to _______ water because its body fluids,compared to the water,have _______ osmolarity.

Accepted Answer

A)  lose;a lower 
B)  lose;a greater 
C)  gain;a greater 
D)  gain;a lower 
E)  lose;the same 
A)  lose;a lower 
B)  lose;a greater 
C)  gain;a greater 
D)  gain;a lower 
E)  lose;the same

Question 3

If vertebrates evolved in fresh water,the primary function of the earliest vertebrate nephron was likely

Accepted Answer

A)  the removal of excess water. 
B)  the removal of excess salts. 
C)  the removal of excess nutrients. 
D)  nutrient conservation. 
E)  water conservation. 
A)  the removal of excess water. 
B)  the removal of excess salts. 
C)  the removal of excess nutrients. 
D)  nutrient conservation. 
E)  water conservation.

Question 4

Which animal is most likely to excrete mainly urea or uric acid instead of ammonia?

Accepted Answer

A)  Freshwater fish 
B)  Saltwater fish 
C)  Tadpole 
D)  Shrimp 
E)  Gull 
A)  Freshwater fish 
B)  Saltwater fish 
C)  Tadpole 
D)  Shrimp 
E)  Gull

Question 5

A scientist wishing to study an animal that is an osmotic conformer might choose a study species from which group?

Accepted Answer

A)  Marine bony fishes 
B)  Marine mammals 
C)  Marine invertebrates 
D)  Birds 
E)  Freshwater bony fishes 
A)  Marine bony fishes 
B)  Marine mammals 
C)  Marine invertebrates 
D)  Birds 
E)  Freshwater bony fishes

Question 6

Metabolism of carbohydrates and fats produces

Accepted Answer

A)  water and carbon dioxide. 
B)  water and nitrogenous wastes. 
C)  carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes. 
D)  ammonia. 
E)  water and ammonia. 
A)  water and carbon dioxide. 
B)  water and nitrogenous wastes. 
C)  carbon dioxide and nitrogenous wastes. 
D)  ammonia. 
E)  water and ammonia.

Question 7

A new organism that is discovered in an ocean environment is found to have a blood plasma osmolarity of 0.45 Osm.Which statement about this organism is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is isosmotic and an osmotic regulator. 
B)  It is hyperosmotic and an osmotic conformer. 
C)  It is hyperosmotic and an osmotic regulator. 
D)  It is hyposmotic and an osmotic regulator. 
E)  It is hyposmotic and an osmotic conformer. 
A)  It is isosmotic and an osmotic regulator. 
B)  It is hyperosmotic and an osmotic conformer. 
C)  It is hyperosmotic and an osmotic regulator. 
D)  It is hyposmotic and an osmotic regulator. 
E)  It is hyposmotic and an osmotic conformer.

Question 8

What is the human body's response to dehydration?

Accepted Answer

A)  The release of ADH 
B)  A rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  An increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D)  Stimulation of increased aquaporin expression 
E)  All of the above 
A)  The release of ADH 
B)  A rise in blood osmolarity 
C)  An increased permeability of the collecting ducts in the kidney 
D)  Stimulation of increased aquaporin expression 
E)  All of the above

Question 9

Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian kidney.Which description is paired incorrectly with its location in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 - Filters blood to produce primary urine 
B)  2 - Responds to levels of ADH to cause water to move back into tissues or to be excreted 
C)  3 - Uses a mechanism of countercurrent multiplication to increase osmotic pressure in surrounding body tissue 
D)  4 - Brings waste molecules to the tubules that will be excreted in the urine 
E)  5 - Allows the body to reabsorb water from urine 
A)  1 - Filters blood to produce primary urine 
B)  2 - Responds to levels of ADH to cause water to move back into tissues or to be excreted 
C)  3 - Uses a mechanism of countercurrent multiplication to increase osmotic pressure in surrounding body tissue 
D)  4 - Brings waste molecules to the tubules that will be excreted in the urine 
E)  5 - Allows the body to reabsorb water from urine

Question 10

Birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes as uric acid,which means that they are _______ organisms.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes...

Question 11

The process of filtration that takes place in the glomerulus is driven by

Accepted Answer

A)  active transport. 
B)  aquaporins. 
C)  blood pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure. 
E)  secretion. 
A)  active transport. 
B)  aquaporins. 
C)  blood pressure. 
D)  osmotic pressure. 
E)  secretion.

Question 12

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks and rays),as well as _______,have a specialized gland that excretes excess salt taken in with their food.

Accepted Answer

A)  terrestrial herbivores 
B)  marine mammals 
C)  brine shrimp 
D)  seabirds 
E)  freshwater bony fishes 
A)  terrestrial herbivores 
B)  marine mammals 
C)  brine shrimp 
D)  seabirds 
E)  freshwater bony fishes

Question 13

The consumption of beer,which inhibits ADH production because of its ethyl alcohol content,stimulates the kidney to produce

Accepted Answer

A)  large volumes of concentrated urine. 
B)  small volumes of concentrated urine. 
C)  small volumes of dilute urine. 
D)  large volumes of dilute urine. 
E)  large volumes of urine with the same concentration as that of blood plasma. 
A)  large volumes of concentrated urine. 
B)  small volumes of concentrated urine. 
C)  small volumes of dilute urine. 
D)  large volumes of dilute urine. 
E)  large volumes of urine with the same concentration as that of blood plasma.

Question 14

Which sequence represents the correct ranking of the amount of nitrogen per molecule,from least to most nitrogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ammonia,urea,uric acid 
B)  Urea,uric acid,ammonia 
C)  Uric acid,ammonia,urea 
D)  Uric acid,urea,ammonia 
E)  Ammonia,uric acid,urea 
A)  Ammonia,urea,uric acid 
B)  Urea,uric acid,ammonia 
C)  Uric acid,ammonia,urea 
D)  Uric acid,urea,ammonia 
E)  Ammonia,uric acid,urea

Question 15

Terrestrial organisms must conserve water.The least amount of water is lost with the excretion of which nitrogenous waste product?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carbon dioxide 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Salt 
E)  Urea 
A)  Carbon dioxide 
B)  Uric acid 
C)  Ammonia 
D)  Salt 
E)  Urea

Question 16

Water moves by _______ from regions where osmotic pressure is _______ to regions where osmotic pressure is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion;high;high 
B)  diffusion;low;low 
C)  osmosis;high;low 
D)  osmosis;low;high 
E)  diffusion;low;high 
A)  diffusion;high;high 
B)  diffusion;low;low 
C)  osmosis;high;low 
D)  osmosis;low;high 
E)  diffusion;low;high

Question 17

Organisms living in a freshwater environment normally

Accepted Answer

A)  excrete copious amounts of dilute urine and retain salts. 
B)  excrete a small volume of dilute urine and retain salts. 
C)  excrete copious amounts of concentrated urine. 
D)  excrete small amounts of concentrated urine. 
E)  conserve both water and salts. 
A)  excrete copious amounts of dilute urine and retain salts. 
B)  excrete a small volume of dilute urine and retain salts. 
C)  excrete copious amounts of concentrated urine. 
D)  excrete small amounts of concentrated urine. 
E)  conserve both water and salts.

Question 18

Marine bony fishes acquire salt when they feed.They handle this salt load by

Accepted Answer

A)  excreting ions from gills. 
B)  actively pumping ions across their intestinal wall so that water will follow. 
C)  producing very dilute urine. 
D)  excreting salt with fecal waste. 
E)  Both a and b 
A)  excreting ions from gills. 
B)  actively pumping ions across their intestinal wall so that water will follow. 
C)  producing very dilute urine. 
D)  excreting salt with fecal waste. 
E)  Both a and b

Question 19

The terms "ammonotelic," "ureotelic," and "uricotelic" refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  the actions of hormones on the excretory system. 
B)  modes of excretion in animals based on the type of nitrogenous waste they produce. 
C)  pathways of kidney evolution. 
D)  modifications of kidney tubules that enhance excretion. 
E)  modes of excretory system development. 
A)  the actions of hormones on the excretory system. 
B)  modes of excretion in animals based on the type of nitrogenous waste they produce. 
C)  pathways of kidney evolution. 
D)  modifications of kidney tubules that enhance excretion. 
E)  modes of excretory system development.

Question 20

A ureotelic organism excretes most of its nitrogenous waste as

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia. 
B)  water. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  uric acid. 
E)  urea. 
A)  ammonia. 
B)  water. 
C)  carbon dioxide. 
D)  uric acid. 
E)  urea.

Exam 36: Water and Salts: Excretion

The fluid excreted into the outside environment by an animal's kidney is called _______.

A freshwater fish tends to _______ water because its body fluids,compared to the water,have _______ osmolarity.

If vertebrates evolved in fresh water,the primary function of the earliest vertebrate nephron was likely

Which animal is most likely to excrete mainly urea or uric acid instead of ammonia?

A scientist wishing to study an animal that is an osmotic conformer might choose a study species from which group?

Metabolism of carbohydrates and fats produces

A new organism that is discovered in an ocean environment is found to have a blood plasma osmolarity of 0.45 Osm.Which statement about this organism is true?

What is the human body's response to dehydration?

Refer to the diagram below of the mammalian kidney.Which description is paired incorrectly with its location in the diagram?

Birds conserve water by excreting nitrogenous wastes as uric acid,which means that they are _______ organisms.

The process of filtration that takes place in the glomerulus is driven by

Cartilaginous fishes (sharks and rays),as well as _______,have a specialized gland that excretes excess salt taken in with their food.

The consumption of beer,which inhibits ADH production because of its ethyl alcohol content,stimulates the kidney to produce

Which sequence represents the correct ranking of the amount of nitrogen per molecule,from least to most nitrogen?

Terrestrial organisms must conserve water.The least amount of water is lost with the excretion of which nitrogenous waste product?

Water moves by _______ from regions where osmotic pressure is _______ to regions where osmotic pressure is _______.

Organisms living in a freshwater environment normally

Marine bony fishes acquire salt when they feed.They handle this salt load by

The terms "ammonotelic," "ureotelic," and "uricotelic" refer to

A ureotelic organism excretes most of its nitrogenous waste as

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

A freshwater fish tends to _ water because its body fluids,compared to the water,have _ osmolarity.

Water moves by ___ from regions where osmotic pressure is _ to regions where osmotic pressure is _____.