Question 1

The _______ acid in gastric juice is lethal to many pathogens.

Accepted Answer

A)  sulfuric 
B)  carbolic 
C)  hydrochloric 
D)  formic 
E)  protease 
A)  sulfuric 
B)  carbolic 
C)  hydrochloric 
D)  formic 
E)  protease

Question 2

One V gene,one D gene,and one J gene encode for the _______ region of the _______ chain of a specific antibody.

Accepted Answer

A)  constant;light 
B)  constant;heavy 
C)  specific;light 
D)  specific;heavy 
E)  variable;heavy 
A)  constant;light 
B)  constant;heavy 
C)  specific;light 
D)  specific;heavy 
E)  variable;heavy

Question 3

Which statement about specific and nonspecific defenses is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  Defense systems involve recognition of self from nonself. 
B)  Nonspecific defenses typically act more rapidly than specific defenses. 
C)  Specific defenses are typically the body's first line of defense. 
D)  The skin is an example of a nonspecific defense. 
E)  Antibodies are an example of a specific defense. 
A)  Defense systems involve recognition of self from nonself. 
B)  Nonspecific defenses typically act more rapidly than specific defenses. 
C)  Specific defenses are typically the body's first line of defense. 
D)  The skin is an example of a nonspecific defense. 
E)  Antibodies are an example of a specific defense.

Question 4

In its initial stages,HIV infection is controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  macrophages. 
B)  TH cells. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  B cells. 
A)  macrophages. 
B)  TH cells. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  B cells.

Question 5

Each B cell produces antibodies with _______ kind(s)of antigen specificity.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  2‒4 
C)  an average of 6 
D)  more than 20 
E)  over 1,000 
A)  1 
B)  2‒4 
C)  an average of 6 
D)  more than 20 
E)  over 1,000

Question 6

If you travel to a tropical region and encounter malaria for the first time,your _______ immunity may protect you from becoming infected.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you travel to a tropical region...

Question 7

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the diagram below showing a receptor on a cell.  
-What type of cell is shown in the diagram?

Accepted Answer

A)  B lymphocyte 
B)  T lymphocyte 
C)  Plasma cell 
D)  Mast cell 
E)  Macrophage 
A)  B lymphocyte 
B)  T lymphocyte 
C)  Plasma cell 
D)  Mast cell 
E)  Macrophage

Question 8

When an individual is first exposed to the smallpox virus,several days pass before significant numbers of specific antibody molecules and T cells are produced.However,a second exposure to the virus causes a large and rapid production of antibodies and T cells.This later response is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  autoimmunity. 
B)  phytoalexins. 
C)  phagocytosis. 
D)  interferon production. 
E)  immunological memory. 
A)  autoimmunity. 
B)  phytoalexins. 
C)  phagocytosis. 
D)  interferon production. 
E)  immunological memory.

Question 9

Which cell releases histamines upon damage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mast cells 
B)  T cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Monocytes 
E)  Fibroblasts 
A)  Mast cells 
B)  T cells 
C)  Macrophages 
D)  Monocytes 
E)  Fibroblasts

Question 10

A student studying abroad finds himself feeling ill.He recovers after about a week and does not experience the symptoms again,even after he is exposed numerous times to other students with the same illness.After the first bout of sickness he is likely benefiting from _______ immunity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A student studying abroad finds himself feeling...

Question 11

A bacterium in the bloodstream is most likely to encounter an _______ antibody.

Accepted Answer

A)  IgE 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgA 
A)  IgE 
B)  IgM 
C)  IgG 
D)  IgD 
E)  IgA

Question 12

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease.Which cell type normally prevents the development of this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)  TC cells 
B)  TH cells 
C)  Tregs 
D)  B cells 
E)  Dendritic cells 
A)  TC cells 
B)  TH cells 
C)  Tregs 
D)  B cells 
E)  Dendritic cells

Question 13

The mechanisms of joining and random deletion account for only a part of antibody diversity.Vast numbers of unique immunoglobulins are also produced by

Accepted Answer

A)  mutations. 
B)  translocations. 
C)  cell fusion. 
D)  cell surface proteins. 
E)  clonal selection. 
A)  mutations. 
B)  translocations. 
C)  cell fusion. 
D)  cell surface proteins. 
E)  clonal selection.

Question 14

Interferons are produced in response to a _______ infection.

Accepted Answer

A)  viral 
B)  Gram-negative bacterial 
C)  Gram-positive bacterial 
D)  yeast 
E)  spirochete 
A)  viral 
B)  Gram-negative bacterial 
C)  Gram-positive bacterial 
D)  yeast 
E)  spirochete

Question 15

The body's tolerance to its own molecules involves all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  the deletion of immature B cells that recognize self antigens. 
B)  the activation of regulatory T cells. 
C)  the deletion of immature T cells that recognize self antigens. 
D)  clonal selection. 
E)  interleukin-10 expression. 
A)  the deletion of immature B cells that recognize self antigens. 
B)  the activation of regulatory T cells. 
C)  the deletion of immature T cells that recognize self antigens. 
D)  clonal selection. 
E)  interleukin-10 expression.

Question 16

The bacteria and fungi that typically live and reproduce on the skin without causing disease are called

Accepted Answer

A)  microcytes. 
B)  ectocytes. 
C)  pathogens. 
D)  normal flora. 
E)  normal fauna. 
A)  microcytes. 
B)  ectocytes. 
C)  pathogens. 
D)  normal flora. 
E)  normal fauna.

Question 17

A successful cellular immune response to a viral infection is dependent upon the activity of

Accepted Answer

A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  helper T cells. 
C)  regulatory T cells. 
D)  dendritic cells. 
E)  B cells. 
A)  cytotoxic T cells. 
B)  helper T cells. 
C)  regulatory T cells. 
D)  dendritic cells. 
E)  B cells.

Question 18

Which event must take place for a B cell to become an antibody-secreting plasma cell?

Accepted Answer

A)  Activation of the complement system 
B)  The binding of a TH cell to an antigen‒MHC class II complex presented by the B cell 
C)  Clonal deletion of nonreactive B cells 
D)  Inflammation 
E)  TC cell activation 
A)  Activation of the complement system 
B)  The binding of a TH cell to an antigen‒MHC class II complex presented by the B cell 
C)  Clonal deletion of nonreactive B cells 
D)  Inflammation 
E)  TC cell activation

Question 19

Which statement about AIDS is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  The chances of getting the disease are increased if an individual already has a sexually transmitted disease. 
B)  AIDS induces autoimmunity. 
C)  Most people who die from AIDS do not die because of HIV infection directly,but from other infections that would normally be eliminated by T cells. 
D)  HIV can be transmitted through the blood of an infected mother to her child. 
E)  HIV can be transmitted via sexual intercourse. 
A)  The chances of getting the disease are increased if an individual already has a sexually transmitted disease. 
B)  AIDS induces autoimmunity. 
C)  Most people who die from AIDS do not die because of HIV infection directly,but from other infections that would normally be eliminated by T cells. 
D)  HIV can be transmitted through the blood of an infected mother to her child. 
E)  HIV can be transmitted via sexual intercourse.

Question 20

The most abundant antibody class circulating in the human body is

Accepted Answer

A)  IgG. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgM. 
D)  IgA. 
E)  IgE. 
A)  IgG. 
B)  IgD. 
C)  IgM. 
D)  IgA. 
E)  IgE.

Exam 39: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

The _______ acid in gastric juice is lethal to many pathogens.

One V gene,one D gene,and one J gene encode for the _______ region of the _______ chain of a specific antibody.

Which statement about specific and nonspecific defenses is false?

In its initial stages,HIV infection is controlled by

Each B cell produces antibodies with _______ kind(s)of antigen specificity.

If you travel to a tropical region and encounter malaria for the first time,your _______ immunity may protect you from becoming infected.

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the diagram below showing a receptor on a cell. -What type of cell is shown in the diagram?

When an individual is first exposed to the smallpox virus,several days pass before significant numbers of specific antibody molecules and T cells are produced.However,a second exposure to the virus causes a large and rapid production of antibodies and T cells.This later response is an example of

Which cell releases histamines upon damage?

A student studying abroad finds himself feeling ill.He recovers after about a week and does not experience the symptoms again,even after he is exposed numerous times to other students with the same illness.After the first bout of sickness he is likely benefiting from _______ immunity.

A bacterium in the bloodstream is most likely to encounter an _______ antibody.

Hashimoto's thyroiditis is an autoimmune disease.Which cell type normally prevents the development of this disease?

The mechanisms of joining and random deletion account for only a part of antibody diversity.Vast numbers of unique immunoglobulins are also produced by

Interferons are produced in response to a _______ infection.

The body's tolerance to its own molecules involves all of the following except

The bacteria and fungi that typically live and reproduce on the skin without causing disease are called

A successful cellular immune response to a viral infection is dependent upon the activity of

Which event must take place for a B cell to become an antibody-secreting plasma cell?

Which statement about AIDS is false?

The most abundant antibody class circulating in the human body is

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

Filters

One V gene,one D gene,and one J gene encode for the _ region of the _ chain of a specific antibody.