Question 1

Which statement about MHC I proteins is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are found primarily on immune system cells. 
B)  They protect a developing fetus from its mother's immune system. 
C)  They are found on the surface of most mammalian cells. 
D)  They are antibodies. 
E)  They activate B cells. 
A)  They are found primarily on immune system cells. 
B)  They protect a developing fetus from its mother's immune system. 
C)  They are found on the surface of most mammalian cells. 
D)  They are antibodies. 
E)  They activate B cells.

Question 2

Also known as white blood cells,_______ fall into the two broad classes of phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Also known as white blood cells,_______ fall...

Question 3

Which is not a key trait of a primary specific immune response?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ability to respond specifically to a wide diversity of foreign molecules and organisms 
B)  Rapid response to an infection 
C)  Generally long-lasting immunological memory 
D)  The ability to recognize "self" from "nonself" 
E)  Effective response to a repeat infection 
A)  Ability to respond specifically to a wide diversity of foreign molecules and organisms 
B)  Rapid response to an infection 
C)  Generally long-lasting immunological memory 
D)  The ability to recognize "self" from "nonself" 
E)  Effective response to a repeat infection

Question 4

Soluble antibodies have all of the following roles except

Accepted Answer

A)  binding to a pathogen to facilitate phagocytosis by macrophages. 
B)  acting as a B cell antigen receptor. 
C)  cross-linking pathogens to one another. 
D)  attracting complement components to pathogens. 
E)  attracting natural killer cells. 
A)  binding to a pathogen to facilitate phagocytosis by macrophages. 
B)  acting as a B cell antigen receptor. 
C)  cross-linking pathogens to one another. 
D)  attracting complement components to pathogens. 
E)  attracting natural killer cells.

Question 5

A T cell is stimulated by the binding of its receptor to an antigen‒MHC complex expressed by a host cell.The outcome of this interaction is the death of the cell if

Accepted Answer

A)  the antigen is presented by a class I MHC protein. 
B)  the antigen is presented by a class II MHC protein. 
C)  a mast cell is involved. 
D)  a B cell is activated. 
E)  the T cell is a helper T cell. 
A)  the antigen is presented by a class I MHC protein. 
B)  the antigen is presented by a class II MHC protein. 
C)  a mast cell is involved. 
D)  a B cell is activated. 
E)  the T cell is a helper T cell.

Question 6

After surviving an infection during the plague of Athens (in the Peloponnesian War),Thucydides noted that he no longer feared the disease,"for the same man was never attacked twice." Unknowingly,he was referring to

Accepted Answer

A)  the fact that minute amounts of pathogen remain in the body indefinitely,preventing recolonization. 
B)  the role of interferons in preventing replication of microbes. 
C)  the earlier Roman idiom that "lightning never strikes twice," which credited Zeus with protecting the unlucky. 
D)  the presence of "memory cells" that are protective in case of reexposure to the disease. 
E)  the tendency of microbes to deplete the resources they need from a given host,thus making recolonization unlikely. 
A)  the fact that minute amounts of pathogen remain in the body indefinitely,preventing recolonization. 
B)  the role of interferons in preventing replication of microbes. 
C)  the earlier Roman idiom that "lightning never strikes twice," which credited Zeus with protecting the unlucky. 
D)  the presence of "memory cells" that are protective in case of reexposure to the disease. 
E)  the tendency of microbes to deplete the resources they need from a given host,thus making recolonization unlikely.

Question 7

In terms of its speed and effectiveness,the primary immune response is _______ the secondary immune response.

Accepted Answer

A)  slower but more powerful than 
B)  quicker and more powerful than 
C)  very similar to 
D)  slower and less powerful than 
E)  quicker but less powerful than 
A)  slower but more powerful than 
B)  quicker and more powerful than 
C)  very similar to 
D)  slower and less powerful than 
E)  quicker but less powerful than

Question 8

The cells targeted by HIV are

Accepted Answer

A)  neurons. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  red blood cells. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  TH cells. 
A)  neurons. 
B)  platelets. 
C)  red blood cells. 
D)  mast cells. 
E)  TH cells.

Question 9

Doctors trying to identify the nature of the immune response to a newly identified pathogen note that every time they isolate the antigen that the immune system is responding to,it is bound to the surface of a cell.This means that the component(s)of the immune system involved could be

Accepted Answer

A)  T cell receptors. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  MHC proteins. 
E)  All of the above 
A)  T cell receptors. 
B)  macrophages. 
C)  dendritic cells. 
D)  MHC proteins. 
E)  All of the above

Question 10

Which consequence of HIV infection is the primary factor leading to the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Destruction of TC cells by the HIV infection 
B)  Antibodies made against HIV-infected cells 
C)  Free circulation of HIV in blood plasma 
D)  Activation of TH cells by the HIV infection 
E)  Destruction of TH cells by the HIV infection 
A)  Destruction of TC cells by the HIV infection 
B)  Antibodies made against HIV-infected cells 
C)  Free circulation of HIV in blood plasma 
D)  Activation of TH cells by the HIV infection 
E)  Destruction of TH cells by the HIV infection

Question 11

Which statement is false?

Accepted Answer

A)  MHC proteins often act as nonself antigens in transplants between one individual and another. 
B)  MHC proteins play an important role in self-tolerance. 
C)  Developing T cells that fail to recognize the body's own MHC proteins undergo apoptosis in a normally functioning body. 
D)  In transplants of material from one individual to a genetically identical individual,the material is recognized as self and is not rejected. 
E)  When a T cell binds an antigen‒MHC complex,it interacts physically only with the antigen. 
A)  MHC proteins often act as nonself antigens in transplants between one individual and another. 
B)  MHC proteins play an important role in self-tolerance. 
C)  Developing T cells that fail to recognize the body's own MHC proteins undergo apoptosis in a normally functioning body. 
D)  In transplants of material from one individual to a genetically identical individual,the material is recognized as self and is not rejected. 
E)  When a T cell binds an antigen‒MHC complex,it interacts physically only with the antigen.

Question 12

For every white blood cell in a given volume of human blood,there are about _______ red blood cells.

Accepted Answer

A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  50 
D)  100 
E)  1,000 
A)  2 
B)  10 
C)  50 
D)  100 
E)  1,000

Question 13

Terminal transferase

Accepted Answer

A)  plays a role in clonal selection. 
B)  often adds nucleotides to the ends of immunoglobulin gene DNAs. 
C)  can be used to suppress the immune system during organ transplants. 
D)  splices the primary RNA transcript to remove transcripts of extra J genes during B cell development. 
E)  induces gene recombination. 
A)  plays a role in clonal selection. 
B)  often adds nucleotides to the ends of immunoglobulin gene DNAs. 
C)  can be used to suppress the immune system during organ transplants. 
D)  splices the primary RNA transcript to remove transcripts of extra J genes during B cell development. 
E)  induces gene recombination.

Question 14

Which symptom or observation would support the hypothesis that a person is undergoing an adaptive immune response after exposure to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

A)  An increase in lysozyme production 
B)  Inflammation at the hypothesized site of exposure 
C)  Increased flow of mucus 
D)  Lysis of infected cells by T cells 
E)  Phagocytosis of the pathogen 
A)  An increase in lysozyme production 
B)  Inflammation at the hypothesized site of exposure 
C)  Increased flow of mucus 
D)  Lysis of infected cells by T cells 
E)  Phagocytosis of the pathogen

Question 15

Use the following to answer questions :
Refer to the experiment below,which points to blood as an important factor in adaptive immunity.  
-Which statement about the effects of toxin from bacteria strain B is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Toxin from bacteria strain B is more lethal than toxin from strain A. 
B)  Toxin from bacteria strain A is more lethal than toxin from strain B. 
C)  Injection with a sublethal dose of toxin from bacteria strain B provides more benefit than injection with serum from an unexposed animal. 
D)  Toxin from bacteria strain B is as lethal as toxin from strain A. 
E)  The diagram provides insufficient information to reach a conclusion about the effects of toxin from bacteria strain B. 
A)  Toxin from bacteria strain B is more lethal than toxin from strain A. 
B)  Toxin from bacteria strain A is more lethal than toxin from strain B. 
C)  Injection with a sublethal dose of toxin from bacteria strain B provides more benefit than injection with serum from an unexposed animal. 
D)  Toxin from bacteria strain B is as lethal as toxin from strain A. 
E)  The diagram provides insufficient information to reach a conclusion about the effects of toxin from bacteria strain B.

Question 16

The diversity among antibodies occurs mainly through

Accepted Answer

A)  posttranslational modifications. 
B)  protein-folding differences. 
C)  different patterns of methylation. 
D)  changes in their DNA. 
E)  differential expression of genes. 
A)  posttranslational modifications. 
B)  protein-folding differences. 
C)  different patterns of methylation. 
D)  changes in their DNA. 
E)  differential expression of genes.

Question 17

An innate immune response to a pathogen would not include

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in lysozyme production. 
B)  inflammation at the site of exposure. 
C)  increased flow of mucus. 
D)  phagocytosis of the pathogen. 
E)  antibody production. 
A)  an increase in lysozyme production. 
B)  inflammation at the site of exposure. 
C)  increased flow of mucus. 
D)  phagocytosis of the pathogen. 
E)  antibody production.

Question 18

Soluble signal proteins called _______,which are released by many cells,bind to and alter the behavior of their target cells.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Soluble signal proteins called _______,which are released...

Question 19

Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Plasma cells secrete cytokines. 
B)  Effector T cells secrete antibodies. 
C)  Memory B cells can persist in the body for several decades. 
D)  Macrophages present antigen to B cells. 
E)  T cells present antigen to B cells. 
A)  Plasma cells secrete cytokines. 
B)  Effector T cells secrete antibodies. 
C)  Memory B cells can persist in the body for several decades. 
D)  Macrophages present antigen to B cells. 
E)  T cells present antigen to B cells.

Question 20

The plague of Athens (during the Peloponnesian War)was most likely caused by _______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The plague of Athens (during the Peloponnesian...

Exam 39: Immunology: Animal Defense Systems

Which statement about MHC I proteins is true?

Also known as white blood cells,_______ fall into the two broad classes of phagocytes and lymphocytes.

Which is not a key trait of a primary specific immune response?

Soluble antibodies have all of the following roles except

A T cell is stimulated by the binding of its receptor to an antigen‒MHC complex expressed by a host cell.The outcome of this interaction is the death of the cell if

After surviving an infection during the plague of Athens (in the Peloponnesian War),Thucydides noted that he no longer feared the disease,"for the same man was never attacked twice." Unknowingly,he was referring to

In terms of its speed and effectiveness,the primary immune response is _______ the secondary immune response.

The cells targeted by HIV are

Doctors trying to identify the nature of the immune response to a newly identified pathogen note that every time they isolate the antigen that the immune system is responding to,it is bound to the surface of a cell.This means that the component(s)of the immune system involved could be

Which consequence of HIV infection is the primary factor leading to the development of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Which statement is false?

For every white blood cell in a given volume of human blood,there are about _______ red blood cells.

Terminal transferase

Which symptom or observation would support the hypothesis that a person is undergoing an adaptive immune response after exposure to a pathogen?

Use the following to answer questions : Refer to the experiment below,which points to blood as an important factor in adaptive immunity. -Which statement about the effects of toxin from bacteria strain B is true?

The diversity among antibodies occurs mainly through

An innate immune response to a pathogen would not include

Soluble signal proteins called _______,which are released by many cells,bind to and alter the behavior of their target cells.

Which statement is true?

The plague of Athens (during the Peloponnesian War)was most likely caused by _______.

Introduction

The Chemistry and Energy of Life

Nucleic Acids, Proteins, and Enzymes

Cells: the Working Units of Life

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Pathways That Harvest and Store Chemical Energy

The Cell Cycle and Cell Division

Inheritance, Genes, and Chromosomes

DNA and Its Role in Heredity

From Dna to Protein: Gene Expression

Regulation of Gene Expression

Genomes

Biotechnology

Genes, Development, and Evolution

Processes of Evolution

Reconstructing and Using Phylogenies

Speciation

The History of Life on Earth

Bacteria, Archaea, and Viruses

The Origin and Diversification of Eukaryotes

The Evolution of Plants

The Evolution and Diversity of Fungi

Animal Origins and Diversity

The Plant Body

Plant Nutrition and Transport

Plant Growth and Development

Reproduction of Flowering Plants

Plants in the Environment

Fundamentals of Animal Function

Nutrition and Digestion

Breathing

Circulation

Muscle and Movement

Neurons, Sense Organs, and Nervous Systems

Nervous and Endocrine Control

Water and Salts: Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Animal Behavior

The Distribution of Earths Ecological Systems

Populations

Ecological and Evolutionary Consequences of Interactions Within and Among Species

Ecological Communities

The Global Ecosystem

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